2 Peter2
New International Version
1But there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the sovereign Lord who bought them—bringing swift destruction on themselves.
2Many will follow their depraved conduct and will bring the way of truth into disrepute.
3In their greed these teachers will exploit you with fabricated stories. Their condemnation has long been hanging over them, and their destruction has not been sleeping.
4For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but sent them to hell, putting them in chains of darkness to be held for judgment;
5if he did not spare the ancient world when he brought the flood on its ungodly people, but protected Noah, a preacher of righteousness, and seven others;
6if he condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah by burning them to ashes, and made them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly;
7and if he rescued Lot, a righteous man, who was distressed by the depraved conduct of the lawless
8(for that righteous man, living among them day after day, was tormented in his righteous soul by the lawless deeds he saw and heard)—
9if this is so, then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from trials and to hold the unrighteous for punishment on the day of judgment.
10This is especially true of those who follow the corrupt desire of the flesh and despise authority. Bold and arrogant, they are not afraid to heap abuse on celestial beings;
11yet even angels, although they are stronger and more powerful, do not heap abuse on such beings when bringing judgment on them from the Lord.
12But these people blaspheme in matters they do not understand. They are like unreasoning animals, creatures of instinct, born only to be caught and destroyed, and like animals they too will perish.
13They will be paid back with harm for the harm they have done. Their idea of pleasure is to carouse in broad daylight. They are blots and blemishes, reveling in their pleasures while they feast with you.
14With eyes full of adultery, they never stop sinning; they seduce the unstable; they are experts in greed—an accursed brood!
15They have left the straight way and wandered off to follow the way of Balaam son of Bezer, who loved the wages of wickedness.
16But he was rebuked for his wrongdoing by a donkey—an animal without speech—who spoke with a human voice and restrained the prophet’s madness.
17These people are springs without water and mists driven by a storm. Blackest darkness is reserved for them.
18For they mouth empty, boastful words and, by appealing to the lustful desires of the flesh, they entice people who are just escaping from those who live in error.
19They promise them freedom, while they themselves are slaves of depravity—for “people are slaves to whatever has mastered them.”
20If they have escaped the corruption of the world by knowing our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ and are again entangled in it and are overcome, they are worse off at the end than they were at the beginning.
21It would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than to have known it and then to turn their backs on the sacred command that was passed on to them.
22Of them the proverbs are true: “A dog returns to its vomit,” and, “A sow that is washed returns to her wallowing in the mud.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Peter 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Believers are cautioned against false teachers, and the certainty of their punishment shown from examples. (1–9). An account of these seducers, as exceedingly wicked. (10–16). But as making high pretences to liberty and purity. (17–22).
vv1-9
Though the way of error is a hurtful way, many are always ready to walk therein. Let us take care we give no occasion to the enemy to blaspheme the holy name whereby we are called, or to speak evil of the way of salvation by Jesus Christ, who is the Way, the Truth, and the Life. These seducers used feigned words, they deceived the hearts of their followers. Such are condemned already, and the wrath of God abides upon them. God's usual method of proceeding is shown by examples. Angels were cast down from all their glory and dignity, for their disobedience. If creatures sin, even in heaven, they must suffer in hell. Sin is the work of darkness, and darkness is the wages of sin. See how God dealt with the old world. The number of offenders no more procures favour, than their quality. If the sin be universal, the punishment shall likewise extend to all. If in a fruitful soil the people abound in sin, God can at once turn a fruitful land into barrenness, and a well-watered country into ashes. No plans or politics can keep off judgments from a sinful people. He who keeps fire and water from hurting his people, Isa 43:2, can make either destroy his enemies; they are never safe. When God sends destruction on the ungodly, he commands deliverance for the righteous. In bad company we cannot but get either guilt or grief. Let the sins of others be troubles to us. Yet it is possible for the children of the Lord, living among the most profane, to retain their integrity; there being more power in the grace of Christ, and his dwelling in them, than in the temptations of Satan, or the example of the wicked, with all their terrors or allurements. In our intentions and inclinations to commit sin, we meet with strange hinderances, if we mark them When we intend mischief, God sends many stops to hinder us, as if to say, Take heed what you do. His wisdom and power will surely effect the purposes of his love, and the engagements of his truth; while wicked men often escape suffering here, because they are kept to the day of judgment, to be punished with the devil and his angels.
vv10-16
Impure seducers and their abandoned followers, give themselves up to their own fleshly minds. Refusing to bring every thought to the obedience of Christ, they act against God's righteous precepts. They walk after the flesh, they go on in sinful courses, and increase to greater degrees of impurity and wickedness. They also despise those whom God has set in authority over them, and requires them to honour. Outward temporal good things are the wages sinners expect and promise themselves. And none have more cause to tremble, than those who are bold to gratify their sinful lusts, by presuming on the Divine grace and mercy. Many such there have been, and are, who speak lightly of the restraints of God's law, and deem themselves freed from obligations to obey it. Let Christians stand at a distance from such.
vv17-22
The word of truth is the water of life, which refreshes the souls that receive it; but deceivers spread and promote error, and are set forth as empty, because there is no truth in them. As clouds hinder the light of the sun, so do these darken counsel by words wherein there is no truth. Seeing that these men increase darkness in this world, it is very just that the mist of darkness should be their portion in the next. In the midst of their talk of liberty, these men are the vilest slaves; their own lusts gain a complete victory over them, and they are actually in bondage. When men are entangled, they are easily overcome; therefore Christians should keep close to the word of God, and watch against all who seek to bewilder them. A state of apostacy is worse than a state of ignorance. To bring an evil report upon the good way of God, and a false charge against the way of truth, must expose to the heaviest condemnation. How dreadful is the state here described! Yet though such a case is deplorable, it is not utterly hopeless; the leper may be made clean, and even the dead may be raised. Is thy backsliding a grief to thee? Believe in the Lord Jesus, and thou shalt be saved.
Key Words
ψευδοπροφήτης (pseudoprophḗtēs): a spurious prophet, i.e. pretended foreteller or religious impostor
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
λαός (laós): a people (in general; thus differing from G1218 (δῆμος), which denotes one's own populace)
ὡς (hōs): which how, i.e. in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
ἔσομαι (ésomai): will be
ψευδοδιδάσκαλος (pseudodidáskalos): a spurious teacher, i.e. propagator of erroneous Christian doctrine
ὑμῖν (hymîn): to (with or by) you
ὅστις (hóstis): which some, i.e. any that; also (definite) which same
παρεισάγω (pareiságō): to lead in aside, i.e. introduce surreptitiously
Cross References
2 Peter 2Direct parallel in Jude describing stealthy, ungodly teachers who turn grace into licentiousness.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The Greek for 'the Lord that bought them' echoes Moses' description of God buying Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel describing the fallen angels reserved in everlasting chains under darkness.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical account of Balaam being rebuked by his dumb ass speaking with man's voice.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Peter explicitly quotes this true proverb regarding the dog turning back to its own vomit.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The judgment of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire, serving as an example of overthrow.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Jude condemns false teachers who have run greedily after the error of Balaam for reward.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel warning of the severe state of those who apostatize after receiving enlightenment.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Christ's warning that the latter end of a swept-clean house repossessed by spirits is worse.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Old Testament law warning that God allows false prophets to arise to prove your hearts.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallel warning of false brethren who were 'privily brought in' to spy out Christian liberty.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Noah, warned of God, prepared an ark, becoming an heir of the righteousness of faith.
Supported by John Calvin
Peter's first epistle mentioning the long-suffering of God in the days of Noah, saving eight souls.
Supported by JFB
Jude describes these false teachers as wandering stars to whom the blackness of darkness is reserved.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The servant who knew his lord's will but did not prepare will be beaten with many stripes.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Contrast: believers are to live honestly among Gentiles so they cannot speak evil of you.
Supported by JFB
Historical account of God being merciful to Lot and bringing him out of Sodom's destruction.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Psalmist's grief over transgressors echoes Lot vexing his righteous soul over Sodom's deeds.
Supported by Matthew Henry