Genesis19
New International Version
1The two angels arrived at Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. When he saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground.
2“My lords,” he said, “please turn aside to your servant’s house. You can wash your feet and spend the night and then go on your way early in the morning.” “No,” they answered, “we will spend the night in the square.”
3But he insisted so strongly that they did go with him and entered his house. He prepared a meal for them, baking bread without yeast, and they ate.
4Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom—both young and old—surrounded the house.
5They called to Lot, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them.”
6Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him
7and said, “No, my friends. Don’t do this wicked thing.
8Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. But don’t do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof.”
9“Get out of our way,” they replied. “This fellow came here as a foreigner, and now he wants to play the judge! We’ll treat you worse than them.” They kept bringing pressure on Lot and moved forward to break down the door.
10But the men inside reached out and pulled Lot back into the house and shut the door.
11Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with blindness so that they could not find the door.
12The two men said to Lot, “Do you have anyone else here—sons-in-law, sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs to you? Get them out of here,
13because we are going to destroy this place. The outcry to the Lord against its people is so great that he has sent us to destroy it.”
14So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were pledged to marry his daughters. He said, “Hurry and get out of this place, because the Lord is about to destroy the city!” But his sons-in-law thought he was joking.
15With the coming of dawn, the angels urged Lot, saying, “Hurry! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away when the city is punished.”
16When he hesitated, the men grasped his hand and the hands of his wife and of his two daughters and led them safely out of the city, for the Lord was merciful to them.
17As soon as they had brought them out, one of them said, “Flee for your lives! Don’t look back, and don’t stop anywhere in the plain! Flee to the mountains or you will be swept away!”
18But Lot said to them, “No, my lords, please!
19Your servant has found favor in your eyes, and you have shown great kindness to me in sparing my life. But I can’t flee to the mountains; this disaster will overtake me, and I’ll die.
20Look, here is a town near enough to run to, and it is small. Let me flee to it—it is very small, isn’t it? Then my life will be spared.”
21He said to him, “Very well, I will grant this request too; I will not overthrow the town you speak of.
22But flee there quickly, because I cannot do anything until you reach it.” (That is why the town was called Zoar.)
23By the time Lot reached Zoar, the sun had risen over the land.
24Then the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the Lord out of the heavens.
25Thus he overthrew those cities and the entire plain, destroying all those living in the cities—and also the vegetation in the land.
26But Lot’s wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.
27Early the next morning Abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the Lord.
28He looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah, toward all the land of the plain, and he saw dense smoke rising from the land, like smoke from a furnace.
29So when God destroyed the cities of the plain, he remembered Abraham, and he brought Lot out of the catastrophe that overthrew the cities where Lot had lived.
30Lot and his two daughters left Zoar and settled in the mountains, for he was afraid to stay in Zoar. He and his two daughters lived in a cave.
31One day the older daughter said to the younger, “Our father is old, and there is no man around here to give us children—as is the custom all over the earth.
32Let’s get our father to drink wine and then sleep with him and preserve our family line through our father.”
33That night they got their father to drink wine, and the older daughter went in and slept with him. He was not aware of it when she lay down or when she got up.
34The next day the older daughter said to the younger, “Last night I slept with my father. Let’s get him to drink wine again tonight, and you go in and sleep with him so we can preserve our family line through our father.”
35So they got their father to drink wine that night also, and the younger daughter went in and slept with him. Again he was not aware of it when she lay down or when she got up.
36So both of Lot’s daughters became pregnant by their father.
37The older daughter had a son, and she named him Moab; he is the father of the Moabites of today.
38The younger daughter also had a son, and she named him Ben-Ammi; he is the father of the Ammonites of today.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 19.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The destruction of Sodom, and the deliverance of Lot. (1–29). The sin and disgrace of Lot. (30–38).
vv1-29
Lot was good, but there was not one more of the same character in the city. All the people of Sodom were very wicked and vile. Care was therefore taken for saving Lot and his family. Lot lingered; he trifled. Thus many who are under convictions about their spiritual state, and the necessity of a change, defer that needful work. The salvation of the most righteous men is of God's mercy, not by their own merit. We are saved by grace. God's power also must be acknowledged in bringing souls out of a sinful state If God had not been merciful to us, our lingering had been our ruin. Lot must flee for his life. He must not hanker after Sodom. Such commands as these are given to those who, through grace, are delivered out of a sinful state and condition. Return not to sin and Satan. Rest not in self and the world. Reach toward Christ and heaven, for that is escaping to the mountain, short of which we must not stop. Concerning this destruction, observe that it is a revelation of the wrath of God against sin and sinners of all ages. Let us learn from hence the evil of sin, and its hurtful nature; it leads to ruin.
vv30-38
See the peril of security. Lot, who kept chaste in Sodom, and was a mourner for the wickedness of the place, and a witness against it, when in the mountain, alone, and, as he thought, out of the way of temptation, is shamefully overtaken. Let him that thinks he stands high, and stands firm, take heed lest he fall. See the peril of drunkenness; it is not only a great sin itself, but lets in many sins, which bring a lasting wound and dishonour. Many a man does that, when he is drunk, which, when he is sober, he could not think of without horror. See also the peril of temptation, even from relations and friends, whom we love and esteem, and expect kindness from. We must dread a snare, wherever we are, and be always upon our guard. No excuse can be made for the daughters, nor for Lot. Scarcely any account can be given of the affair but this, The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked: who can know it? From the silence of the Scripture concerning Lot henceforward, learn that drunkenness, as it makes men forgetful, so it makes them to be forgotten.
Key Words
שְׁנַיִם: two; also (as ordinal) twofold
מֲלְאָךְ: a messenger; specifically, of God, i.e. an angel (also a prophet, priest or teacher)
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
סְדֹם: Sedom, a place near the Dead Sea
עֶרֶב: dusk
לוֹט: Lot, Abraham's nephew
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
שַׁעַר: an opening, i.e. door or gate
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
Cross References
Genesis 19Peter explicitly identifies Lot as a 'righteous man' vexed by the filthy conversation of the wicked.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Jesus directly warns his disciples regarding judgment by commanding them to 'Remember Lot's wife' looking back.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Alludes to Lot and Abraham entertaining angels unawares through hospitable reception of strangers.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
A striking moral parallel where wicked men surround a house demanding to carnally 'know' a male guest.
Supported by Matthew Poole
New Testament verification that God delivered 'just Lot,' vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked.
Supported by JFB
God explicitly remembered His covenant-friend Abraham's intercession by rescuing Lot from the impending destruction.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul's theological description of the unnatural, shameful lusts that characterized Sodom's sin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Isaiah describes Israel's open, impudent boasting of their sin, declaring it 'as Sodom'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel moral compromise offering daughters to protect male guests under the shadow of the roof.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Classical Old Testament summary of the standard covenant curse depicting the brimstone and burning of Sodom.
Supported by JFB
Sodom and Gomorrah are set forth as an eternal warning, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jesus cites the historical reality of the day when fire and brimstone rained from heaven.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts with Lot's compromise, showing the biblical principle that we must not do evil for good.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another historical event where God smote an attacking force with blindness to deliver His servants.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Parallels the sons-in-law's mocking disbelief with end-time scoffers who mock warnings of judgment.
Supported by JFB
Jesus highlights the worldly complacency and sudden ruin of Sodom as a pattern of His coming.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God commands Israel not to distress Moab, because He gave Ar to the descendants of Lot.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God commands Israel not to distress Ammon, because their territory was given to the children of Lot.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Connects back to the two angels departing from Mamre to head down toward Sodom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Lot's identical offer of hospitality (washing feet, resting) mirrors Abraham's earlier welcome.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Moses warns the congregation to depart from the wicked tents lest they be consumed in their sins.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The tragic outcome of disobeying the command 'look not behind thee' in this immediate context.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates God 'accepting' a mediator's prayer, parallel to accepting Lot's request for Zoar's sparing.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the volcanic/atmospheric imagery of 'the fire of God fallen from heaven' burning up victims.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the tragic vulnerability of godly patriarchs falling into shameful sin through excessive wine.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophetic allusion comparing the total overthrow of Babylon to God's historic destruction of Sodom.
Supported by JFB
Lot's wife explicitly violated the angel's strict command given in verse 17: 'look not behind thee.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Lot fled Zoar for the mountain, fearing to stay in the city he previously begged to save.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The tragic legacy: Moabites and Ammonites are excluded from entering the congregation of the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole