Genesis20
New International Version
1Now Abraham moved on from there into the region of the Negev and lived between Kadesh and Shur. For a while he stayed in Gerar,
2and there Abraham said of his wife Sarah, “She is my sister.” Then Abimelek king of Gerar sent for Sarah and took her.
3But God came to Abimelek in a dream one night and said to him, “You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken; she is a married woman.”
4Now Abimelek had not gone near her, so he said, “Lord, will you destroy an innocent nation?
5Did he not say to me, ‘She is my sister,’ and didn’t she also say, ‘He is my brother’? I have done this with a clear conscience and clean hands.”
6Then God said to him in the dream, “Yes, I know you did this with a clear conscience, and so I have kept you from sinning against me. That is why I did not let you touch her.
7Now return the man’s wife, for he is a prophet, and he will pray for you and you will live. But if you do not return her, you may be sure that you and all who belong to you will die.”
8Early the next morning Abimelek summoned all his officials, and when he told them all that had happened, they were very much afraid.
9Then Abimelek called Abraham in and said, “What have you done to us? How have I wronged you that you have brought such great guilt upon me and my kingdom? You have done things to me that should never be done.”
10And Abimelek asked Abraham, “What was your reason for doing this?”
11Abraham replied, “I said to myself, ‘There is surely no fear of God in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife.’
12Besides, she really is my sister, the daughter of my father though not of my mother; and she became my wife.
13And when God had me wander from my father’s household, I said to her, ‘This is how you can show your love to me: Everywhere we go, say of me, “He is my brother.”’”
14Then Abimelek brought sheep and cattle and male and female slaves and gave them to Abraham, and he returned Sarah his wife to him.
15And Abimelek said, “My land is before you; live wherever you like.”
16To Sarah he said, “I am giving your brother a thousand shekels of silver. This is to cover the offense against you before all who are with you; you are completely vindicated.”
17Then Abraham prayed to God, and God healed Abimelek, his wife and his female slaves so they could have children again,
18for the Lord had kept all the women in Abimelek’s household from conceiving because of Abraham’s wife Sarah.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Abraham's sojourn at Gerar, Sarah is taken by Abimelech. (1–8). Abimelech's rebuke to Abraham. (9–13). Abimelech restores Sarah. (14–18).
vv1-8
Crooked policy will not prosper: it brings ourselves and others into danger. God gives Abimelech notice of his danger of sin, and his danger of death for his sin. Every wilful sinner is a dead man, but Abimelech pleads ignorance. If our consciences witness, that, however we may have been cheated into a snare, we have not knowingly sinned against God, it will be our rejoicing in the day of evil. It is matter of comfort to those who are honest, that God knows their honesty, and will acknowledge it. It is a great mercy to be hindered from committing sin; of this God must have the glory. But if we have ignorantly done wrong, that will not excuse us, if we knowingly persist in it. He that does wrong, whoever he is, prince or peasant, shall certainly receive for the wrong which he has done, unless he repent, and, if possible, make restitution.
vv9-13
See here much to blame, even in the father of the faithful. Mark his distrust of God, his undue care about life, his intent to deceive. He also threw temptation in the way of others, caused affliction to them, exposed himself and Sarah to just rebukes, and yet attempted an excuse. These things are written for our warning, not for us to imitate. Even Abraham hath not whereof to glory. He cannot be justified by his works, but must be indebted for justification, to that righteousness which is upon all and unto all them that believe. We must not condemn all as hypocrites who fall into sin, if they do not continue in it. But let the unhumbled and impenitent take heed that they do not sin on, thinking that grace may abound. Abimelech, being warned of God, takes the warning; and being truly afraid of sin and its consequences, he rose early to pursue the directions given him.
vv14-18
We often trouble ourselves, and even are led into temptation and sin, by groundless suspicions; and find the fear of God where we expected it not. Agreements to deceive generally end in shame and sorrow; and restraints from sin, though by suffering, should be thankfully acknowledged. Though the Lord rebuke, yet he will pardon and deliver his people, and he will give them favour in the sight of those with whom they sojourn; and overrule their infirmities, when they are humbled for them, so that they shall prove useful to themselves and others.
Key Words
אַבְרָהָם: Abraham, the later name of Abram
נָסַע: properly, to pull up, especially the tent-pins, i.e. start on ajourney
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
נֶגֶב: the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine)
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
קָדֵשׁ: Kadesh, a place in the Desert
שׁוּר: Shur, a region of the Desert
גּוּר: properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e. sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place); also to gather forhostility (as afraid)
גְּרָר: Gerar, a Philistine city
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
Cross References
Genesis 20The exact precedent where Abraham used the same 'sister' deception with Pharaoh.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct historical commentary on God reproving kings and suffering no man to do them wrong.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Directly references the patriarchs as prophets and God's warning: 'touch not mine anointed'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Thematic parallel where God commands intercessory prayer from His servant to avert judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Joseph echoes the principle that sexual immorality is fundamentally 'sinning against God'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Isaac repeats his father's exact deception in Gerar due to the same fear.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel judgment where God plagued Pharaoh's house because of Sarah.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Abimelech's plea mirrors Abraham's intercession for Sodom concerning a 'righteous' nation.
Supported by John Calvin
Provides the familial context to evaluate Abraham's half-sister defense.
Supported by JFB
Biblical standard of walking in 'integrity of heart,' which God acknowledges in Abimelech.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Moses asks Aaron the same question about bringing a 'great sin' upon the people.
Supported by John Calvin
Proverbs warns of the 'fear of man' that ensnared Abraham in this passage.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Links Abraham's southern journey to Isaac's later sojourn in the same region of Gerar.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Pharaoh similarly gave Abraham wealth on account of Sarah, illustrating repeated patterns.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Illuminates Sarah's 'covering of the eyes' through ancient Eastern custom.
Supported by John Calvin