All books

Job1

New International Version

1In the land of Uz there lived a man whose name was Job. This man was blameless and upright; he feared God and shunned evil.

2He had seven sons and three daughters,

3and he owned seven thousand sheep, three thousand camels, five hundred yoke of oxen and five hundred donkeys, and had a large number of servants. He was the greatest man among all the people of the East.

4His sons used to hold feasts in their homes on their birthdays, and they would invite their three sisters to eat and drink with them.

5When a period of feasting had run its course, Job would make arrangements for them to be purified. Early in the morning he would sacrifice a burnt offering for each of them, thinking, “Perhaps my children have sinned and cursed God in their hearts.” This was Job’s regular custom.

6One day the angels came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan also came with them.

7The Lord said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” Satan answered the Lord, “From roaming throughout the earth, going back and forth on it.”

8Then the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job? There is no one on earth like him; he is blameless and upright, a man who fears God and shuns evil.”

9“Does Job fear God for nothing?” Satan replied.

10“Have you not put a hedge around him and his household and everything he has? You have blessed the work of his hands, so that his flocks and herds are spread throughout the land.

11But now stretch out your hand and strike everything he has, and he will surely curse you to your face.”

12The Lord said to Satan, “Very well, then, everything he has is in your power, but on the man himself do not lay a finger.” Then Satan went out from the presence of the Lord.

13One day when Job’s sons and daughters were feasting and drinking wine at the oldest brother’s house,

14a messenger came to Job and said, “The oxen were plowing and the donkeys were grazing nearby,

15and the Sabeans attacked and made off with them. They put the servants to the sword, and I am the only one who has escaped to tell you!”

16While he was still speaking, another messenger came and said, “The fire of God fell from the heavens and burned up the sheep and the servants, and I am the only one who has escaped to tell you!”

17While he was still speaking, another messenger came and said, “The Chaldeans formed three raiding parties and swept down on your camels and made off with them. They put the servants to the sword, and I am the only one who has escaped to tell you!”

18While he was still speaking, yet another messenger came and said, “Your sons and daughters were feasting and drinking wine at the oldest brother’s house,

19when suddenly a mighty wind swept in from the desert and struck the four corners of the house. It collapsed on them and they are dead, and I am the only one who has escaped to tell you!”

20At this, Job got up and tore his robe and shaved his head. Then he fell to the ground in worship

21and said: “Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked I will depart. The Lord gave and the Lord has taken away; may the name of the Lord be praised.”

22In all this, Job did not sin by charging God with wrongdoing.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 1.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The piety and prosperity of Job. (1–5). Satan obtains leave to try Job. (6–12). The loss of Job's property, and the death of his children. (13–19). Job's patience and piety. (20–22).

vv1-5

Job was prosperous, and yet pious. Though it is hard and rare, it is not impossible for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of heaven. By God's grace the temptations of worldly wealth may be overcome. The account of Job's piety and prosperity comes before the history of his great afflictions, showing that neither will secure from troubles. While Job beheld the harmony and comforts of his sons with satisfaction, his knowledge of the human heart made him fearful for them. He sent and sanctified them, reminding them to examine themselves, to confess their sins, to seek forgiveness; and as one who hoped for acceptance with God through the promised Saviour, he offered a burnt-offering for each. We perceive his care for their souls, his knowledge of the sinful state of man, his entire dependence on God's mercy in the way he had appointed.

vv6-12

Job's afflictions began from the malice of Satan, by the Lord's permission, for wise and holy purposes. There is an evil spirit, the enemy of God, and of all righteousness, who is continually seeking to distress, to lead astray, and, if possible, to destroy those who love God. How far his influence may extend, we cannot say; but probably much unsteadiness and unhappiness in Christians may be ascribed to him. While we are on this earth we are within his reach. Hence it concerns us to be sober and vigilant, 1Pe 5:8. See how Satan censures Job. This is the common way of slanderers, to suggest that which they have no reason to think is true. But as there is nothing we should dread more than really being hypocrites, so there is nothing we need dread less than being called and counted so without cause. It is not wrong to look at the eternal recompence in our obedience; but it is wrong to aim at worldly advantages in our religion. God's people are taken under his special protection; they, and all that belong to them. The blessing of the Lord makes rich; Satan himself owns it. God suffered Job to be tried, as he suffered Peter to be sifted. It is our comfort that God has the devil in a chain, Re 20:1. He has no power to lead men to sin, but what they give him themselves; nor any power to afflict men, but what is given him from above. All this is here described to us after the manner of men. The Scripture speaks thus to teach us that God directs the affairs of the world.

vv13-19

Satan brought Job's troubles upon him on the day that his children began their course of feasting. The troubles all came upon Job at once; while one messenger of evil tidings was speaking, another followed. His dearest and most valuable possessions were his ten children; news is brought him that they are killed. They were taken away when he had most need of them to comfort him under other losses. In God only have we a help present at all times. (Job 1:20-22)

Cross References

Job 1
v8Job 2:3thematic

Direct parallel where God repeats his assessment of Job's integrity to Satan.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v61 Kings 22:19allusion

Micaiah's vision of the heavenly host standing before God parallels the sons of God presenting themselves.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v71 Peter 5:8thematic

Satan walking about the earth looking for prey directly echoes Peter's warning of the roaring lion.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v211 Timothy 6:7thematic

Paul echoes Job's confession that we brought nothing into this world and carry nothing out.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Identifies the land of Uz in connection with the territory of Edom.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1Genesis 6:9thematic

Noah is described as perfect and upright, establishing the patriarchal definition of integrity.

Supported by JFB

v6Job 38:7thematic

Identifies the 'sons of God' as the angels present at creation.

Supported by JFB

v12Luke 22:31thematic

Satan's demand to sift Peter parallels his petition to test Job's faith.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Genesis 36:28thematic

Mentions Uz as a descendant of Esau, illuminating the geography and genealogy of Uz.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Exodus 19:10thematic

Illustrates the practice of outward purification and sanctification prior to worship.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Satan acting in his primary role as the accuser of the brethren before God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v11Job 2:9thematic

Job's wife uses the exact phrase Satan predicted: urging Job to curse God.

Supported by JFB

v1Proverbs 8:13thematic

Defines the fear of the Lord as hating and eschewing evil.

Supported by JFB

v3Job 42:12contrast

Contrasts Job's initial wealth here with his doubled, restored wealth at the end.

Supported by JFB

Solomon's warning about the house of feasting vs. mourning, echoing Job's concern for his sons.

Supported by JFB