Luke12
New King James Version
1In the meantime, when an innumerable multitude of people had gathered together, so that they trampled one another, He began to say to His disciples first of all, “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.
2For there is nothing covered that will not be revealed, nor hidden that will not be known.
3Therefore whatever you have spoken in the dark will be heard in the light, and what you have spoken in the ear in inner rooms will be proclaimed on the housetops.
4“And I say to you, My friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do.
5But I will show you whom you should fear: Fear Him who, after He has killed, has power to cast into hell; yes, I say to you, fear Him!
6“Are not five sparrows sold for two copper coins? And not one of them is forgotten before God.
7But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Do not fear therefore; you are of more value than many sparrows.
8“Also I say to you, whoever confesses Me before men, him the Son of Man also will confess before the angels of God.
9But he who denies Me before men will be denied before the angels of God.
10“And anyone who speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but to him who blasphemes against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven.
11“Now when they bring you to the synagogues and magistrates and authorities, do not worry about how or what you should answer, or what you should say.
12For the Holy Spirit will teach you in that very hour what you ought to say.”
13Then one from the crowd said to Him, “Teacher, tell my brother to divide the inheritance with me.”
14But He said to him, “Man, who made Me a judge or an arbitrator over you?”
15And He said to them, “Take heed and beware of covetousness, for one’s life does not consist in the abundance of the things he possesses.”
16Then He spoke a parable to them, saying: “The ground of a certain rich man yielded plentifully.
17And he thought within himself, saying, ‘What shall I do, since I have no room to store my crops?’
18So he said, ‘I will do this: I will pull down my barns and build greater, and there I will store all my crops and my goods.
19And I will say to my soul, “Soul, you have many goods laid up for many years; take your ease; eat, drink, and be merry.” ’
20But God said to him, ‘Fool! This night your soul will be required of you; then whose will those things be which you have provided?’
21“So is he who lays up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God.”
22Then He said to His disciples, “Therefore I say to you, do not worry about your life, what you will eat; nor about the body, what you will put on.
23Life is more than food, and the body is more than clothing.
24Consider the ravens, for they neither sow nor reap, which have neither storehouse nor barn; and God feeds them. Of how much more value are you than the birds?
25And which of you by worrying can add one cubit to his stature?
26If you then are not able to do the least, why are you anxious for the rest?
27Consider the lilies, how they grow: they neither toil nor spin; and yet I say to you, even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.
28If then God so clothes the grass, which today is in the field and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, how much more will He clothe you, O you of little faith?
29“And do not seek what you should eat or what you should drink, nor have an anxious mind.
30For all these things the nations of the world seek after, and your Father knows that you need these things.
31But seek the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added to you.
32“Do not fear, little flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom.
33Sell what you have and give alms; provide yourselves money bags which do not grow old, a treasure in the heavens that does not fail, where no thief approaches nor moth destroys.
34For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.
35“Let your waist be girded and your lamps burning;
36and you yourselves be like men who wait for their master, when he will return from the wedding, that when he comes and knocks they may open to him immediately.
37Blessed are those servants whom the master, when he comes, will find watching. Assuredly, I say to you that he will gird himself and have them sit down to eat, and will come and serve them.
38And if he should come in the second watch, or come in the third watch, and find them so, blessed are those servants.
39But know this, that if the master of the house had known what hour the thief would come, he would have watched and not allowed his house to be broken into.
40Therefore you also be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect.”
41Then Peter said to Him, “Lord, do You speak this parable only to us, or to all people?”
42And the Lord said, “Who then is that faithful and wise steward, whom his master will make ruler over his household, to give them their portion of food in due season?
43Blessed is that servant whom his master will find so doing when he comes.
44Truly, I say to you that he will make him ruler over all that he has.
45But if that servant says in his heart, ‘My master is delaying his coming,’ and begins to beat the male and female servants, and to eat and drink and be drunk,
46the master of that servant will come on a day when he is not looking for him, and at an hour when he is not aware, and will cut him in two and appoint him his portion with the unbelievers.
47And that servant who knew his master’s will, and did not prepare himself or do according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes.
48But he who did not know, yet committed things deserving of stripes, shall be beaten with few. For everyone to whom much is given, from him much will be required; and to whom much has been committed, of him they will ask the more.
49“I came to send fire on the earth, and how I wish it were already kindled!
50But I have a baptism to be baptized with, and how distressed I am till it is accomplished!
51Do you suppose that I came to give peace on earth? I tell you, not at all, but rather division.
52For from now on five in one house will be divided: three against two, and two against three.
53Father will be divided against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against mother, mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.”
54Then He also said to the multitudes, “Whenever you see a cloud rising out of the west, immediately you say, ‘A shower is coming’; and so it is.
55And when you see the south wind blow, you say, ‘There will be hot weather’; and there is.
56Hypocrites! You can discern the face of the sky and of the earth, but how is it you do not discern this time?
57“Yes, and why, even of yourselves, do you not judge what is right?
58When you go with your adversary to the magistrate, make every effort along the way to settle with him, lest he drag you to the judge, the judge deliver you to the officer, and the officer throw you into prison.
59I tell you, you shall not depart from there till you have paid the very last mite.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 12.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Christ reproves the interpreters of the law. (1–12). A caution against covetousness, The parable of the rich man. (13–21). Worldly care reproved. (22–40). Watchfulness enforced. (41–53). A warning to be reconciled to God. (54–59).
vv1-12
A firm belief of the doctrine of God's universal providence, and the extent of it, would satisfy us when in peril, and encourage us to trust God in the way of duty. Providence takes notice of the meanest creatures, even of the sparrows, and therefore of the smallest interests of the disciples of Christ. Those who confess Christ now, shall be owned by him in the great day, before the angels of God. To deter us from denying Christ, and deserting his truths and ways, we are here assured that those who deny Christ, though they may thus save life itself, and though they may gain a kingdom by it, will be great losers at last; for Christ will not know them, will not own them, nor show them favour. But let no trembling, penitent backslider doubt of obtaining forgiveness. This is far different from the determined enmity that is blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, which shall never be forgiven, because it will never be repented of.
vv13-21
Christ's kingdom is spiritual, and not of this world. Christianity does not meddle with politics; it obliges all to do justly, but wordly dominion is not founded in grace. It does not encourage expectations of worldly advantages by religion. The rewards of Christ's disciples are of another nature. Covetousness is a sin we need constantly to be warned against; for happiness and comfort do not depend on the wealth of this world. The things of the world will not satisfy the desires of a soul. Here is a parable, which shows the folly of carnal worldling while they live, and their misery when they die. The character drawn is exactly that of a prudent, worldly man, who has no grateful regard to the providence of God, nor any right thought of the uncertainty of human affairs, the worth of his soul, or the importance of eternity. How many, even among professed Christians, point out similar characters as models for imitation, and proper persons to form connexions with! We mistake if we think that thoughts are hid, and thoughts are free. When he saw a great crop upon his ground, instead of thanking God for it, or rejoicing to be able to do more good, he afflicts himself. What shall I do now? The poorest beggar in the country could not have said a more anxious word. The more men have, the more perplexity they have with it. It was folly for him to think of making no other use of his plenty, than to indulge the flesh and gratify the sensual appetites, without any thought of doing good to others. Carnal worldlings are fools; and the day is coming when God will call them by their own name, and they will call themselves so. The death of such persons is miserable in itself, and terrible to them. Thy soul shall be required. He is loth to part with it; but God shall require it, shall require an account of it, require it as a guilty soul to be punished without delay. It is the folly of most men, to mind and pursue that which is for the body and for time only, more than that for the soul and eternity.
vv22-40
Christ largely insisted upon this caution not to give way to disquieting, perplexing cares, Mt 6:25–34. The arguments here used are for our encouragement to cast our care upon God, which is the right way to get ease. As in our stature, so in our state, it is our wisdom to take it as it is. An eager, anxious pursuit of the things of this world, even necessary things, ill becomes the disciples of Christ. Fears must not prevail; when we frighten ourselves with thoughts of evil to come, and put ourselves upon needless cares how to avoid it. If we value the beauty of holiness, we shall not crave the luxuries of life. Let us then examine whether we belong to this little flock. Christ is our Master, and we are his servants; not only working servants, but waiting servants. We must be as men that wait for their lord, that sit up while he stays out late, to be ready to receive him. In this Christ alluded to his own ascension to heaven, his coming to call his people to him by death, and his return to judge the world. We are uncertain as to the time of his coming to us, we should therefore be always ready. If men thus take care of their houses, let us be thus wise for our souls. Be ye therefore ready also; as ready as the good man of the house would be, if he knew at what hour the thief would come.
Key Words
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
ὅς (hós): the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
μυριάς (myriás): a ten-thousand; by extension, a "myriad" or indefinite number
ὄχλος (óchlos): a throng (as borne along); by implication, the rabble; by extension, a class of people; figuratively, a riot
ἐπισυνάγω (episynágō): to collect upon the same place
ὥστε (hṓste): so too, i.e. thus therefore (in various relations of consecution, as follow)
καταπατέω (katapatéō): to trample down; figuratively, to reject with disdain
ἀλλήλων (allḗlōn): one another
ἄρχομαι (árchomai): to commence (in order of time)
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
Cross References
Luke 12Direct parallel command to fear God (who casts into hell) rather than men.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel discourse forbidding anxious worldly care, urging trust in God's providence and seeking His kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Direct parallel teaching on resolving disputes with adversaries while on the way, avoiding judicial penalty.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Parallel warning regarding the 'leaven of the Pharisees,' contrasting hypocrisy/doctrine with sincerity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel teaching on the sparrows and the farthings under divine care.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the rich fool's futility of heaping up riches without knowing who will gather them.
Supported by JFB
The foundational imagery of having loins girded, ready for immediate, obedient departure.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
The spiritual exhortation to 'gird up the loins of your mind' in sober expectation.
Supported by John Calvin
Direct parallel teaching comparing the unexpected return of the Son of Man to a thief.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Direct parallel regarding the faithful and wise steward set over his master's household.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel declaration that Christ did not come to bring peace, but division/sword.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Old Testament source for familial division (father/son, mother/daughter) directly echoed by Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Direct verbal and thematic parallel regarding confessing Christ before men and the Father.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel instruction distinguishing blasphemy against the Son of man from the Holy Ghost.
Supported by JFB
Jesus directly echoes Moses' words, repudiating the role of a secular judge and divider.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of the psalmist's warning: he heapeth up riches and knoweth not who gathers them.
Supported by JFB
Old Testament precedent of God providing food for the ravens specifically, illustrating sovereign care.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Parallel command to lay up uncorruptible treasure in heaven rather than transient earthly wealth.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Paul's command to the rich to do good works, laying up a foundation for eternity.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Christ acts out this promise by girding Himself and washing His disciples' feet as a servant.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Apostolic instruction reiterating that the day of the Lord comes like a thief in the night.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Addresses Peter's question on whom the warning is for: 'What I say unto you I say unto all.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel description of the evil servant who claims his lord delays and abuses others.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel rebuke of hypocrites who discern weather signs but fail to discern spiritual times.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel warning about not departing from prison until paying the very last farthing/mite.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallel proverb regarding covered things that will inevitably be revealed and made known.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Exhortation against trusting in uncertain riches and being rich in good works.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Sermon on the Mount warning against anxiety and worldly, material focus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Immediate context and application defining what it means to be 'not rich toward God.'
Supported by JFB
Thematic match: he that gets riches unjustly dies a fool at his end.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrasts laying up treasure for self (v21) with selling possessions to provide heavenly bags (v33).
Supported by JFB
If God has freely given us His Son and the kingdom, He will supply all else.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul echoes Christ's tender imagery of His followers as a purchased 'flock'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus commands the rich young ruler to sell all and obtain treasure in heaven.
Supported by John Calvin
Eschatological blessing pronounced on the one who watches and keeps his garments.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Practical warning that knowing to do good and not doing it constitutes severe sin.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole