Luke12
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1In the mean time, when the many thousands of the multitude were gathered together, insomuch that they trod one upon another, he began to say unto his disciples first of all, Beware ye of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.
2But there is nothing covered up, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known.
3Wherefore whatsoever ye have said in the darkness shall be heard in the light; and what ye have spoken in the ear in the inner chambers shall be proclaimed upon the housetops.
4And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of them that kill the body, and after that have no more that they can do.
5But I will warn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, who after he hath killed hath power to cast into hell; yea, I say unto you, Fear him.
6Are not five sparrows sold for two pence? and not one of them is forgotten in the sight of God.
7But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not: ye are of more value than many sparrows.
8And I say unto you, Every one who shall confess me before men, him shall the Son of man also confess before the angels of God:
9but he that denieth me in the presence of men shall be denied in the presence of the angels of God.
10And every one who shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but unto him that blasphemeth against the Holy Spirit it shall not be forgiven.
11And when they bring you before the synagogues, and the rulers, and the authorities, be not anxious how or what ye shall answer, or what ye shall say:
12for the Holy Spirit shall teach you in that very hour what ye ought to say.
13And one out of the multitude said unto him, Teacher, bid my brother divide the inheritance with me.
14But he said unto him, Man, who made me a judge or a divider over you?
15And he said unto them, Take heed, and keep yourselves from all covetousness: for a man’s life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth.
16And he spake a parable unto them, saying, The ground of a certain rich man brought forth plentifully:
17and he reasoned within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have not where to bestow my fruits?
18And he said, This will I do: I will pull down my barns, and build greater; and there will I bestow all my grain and my goods.
19And I will say to my soul, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years; take thine ease, eat, drink, be merry.
20But God said unto him, Thou foolish one, this night is thy soul required of thee; and the things which thou hast prepared, whose shall they be?
21So is he that layeth up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God.
22And he said unto his disciples, Therefore I say unto you, Be not anxious for your life, what ye shall eat; nor yet for your body, what ye shall put on.
23For the life is more than the food, and the body than the raiment.
24Consider the ravens, that they sow not, neither reap; which have no store-chamber nor barn; and God feedeth them: of how much more value are ye than the birds!
25And which of you by being anxious can add a cubit unto the measure of his life?
26If then ye are not able to do even that which is least, why are ye anxious concerning the rest?
27Consider the lilies, how they grow: they toil not, neither do they spin; yet I say unto you, Even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.
28But if God doth so clothe the grass in the field, which to-day is, and to-morrow is cast into the oven; how much more shall he clothe you, O ye of little faith?
29And seek not ye what ye shall eat, and what ye shall drink, neither be ye of doubtful mind.
30For all these things do the nations of the world seek after: but your Father knoweth that ye have need of these things.
31Yet seek ye his kingdom, and these things shall be added unto you.
32Fear not, little flock; for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom.
33Sell that which ye have, and give alms; make for yourselves purses which wax not old, a treasure in the heavens that faileth not, where no thief draweth near, neither moth destroyeth.
34For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
35Let your loins be girded about, and your lamps burning;
36and be ye yourselves like unto men looking for their lord, when he shall return from the marriage feast; that, when he cometh and knocketh, they may straightway open unto him.
37Blessed are those servants, whom the lord when he cometh shall find watching: verily I say unto you, that he shall gird himself, and make them sit down to meat, and shall come and serve them.
38And if he shall come in the second watch, and if in the third, and find them so, blessed are those servants.
39But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what hour the thief was coming, he would have watched, and not have left his house to be broken through.
40Be ye also ready: for in an hour that ye think not the Son of man cometh.
41And Peter said, Lord, speakest thou this parable unto us, or even unto all?
42And the Lord said, Who then is the faithful and wise steward, whom his lord shall set over his household, to give them their portion of food in due season?
43Blessed is that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing.
44Of a truth I say unto you, that he will set him over all that he hath.
45But if that servant shall say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; and shall begin to beat the menservants and the maidservants, and to eat and drink, and to be drunken;
46the lord of that servant shall come in a day when he expecteth not, and in an hour when he knoweth not, and shall cut him asunder, and appoint his portion with the unfaithful.
47And that servant, who knew his lord’s will, and made not ready, nor did according to his will, shall be beaten with many stripes;
48but he that knew not, and did things worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few stripes. And to whomsoever much is given, of him shall much be required: and to whom they commit much, of him will they ask the more.
49I came to cast fire upon the earth; and what do I desire, if it is already kindled?
50But I have a baptism to be baptized with; and how am I straitened till it be accomplished!
51Think ye that I am come to give peace in the earth? I tell you, Nay; but rather division:
52for there shall be from henceforth five in one house divided, three against two, and two against three.
53They shall be divided, father against son, and son against father; mother against daughter, and daughter against her mother; mother in law against her daughter in law, and daughter in law against her mother in law.
54And he said to the multitudes also, When ye see a cloud rising in the west, straightway ye say, There cometh a shower; and so it cometh to pass.
55And when ye see a south wind blowing, ye say, There will be a scorching heat; and it cometh to pass.
56Ye hypocrites, ye know how to interpret the face of the earth and the heaven; but how is it that ye know not how to interpret this time?
57And why even of yourselves judge ye not what is right?
58For as thou art going with thine adversary before the magistrate, on the way give diligence to be quit of him; lest haply he drag thee unto the judge, and the judge shall deliver thee to the officer, and the officer shall cast thee into prison.
59I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou have paid the very last mite.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 12.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Christ reproves the interpreters of the law. (1–12). A caution against covetousness, The parable of the rich man. (13–21). Worldly care reproved. (22–40). Watchfulness enforced. (41–53). A warning to be reconciled to God. (54–59).
vv1-12
A firm belief of the doctrine of God's universal providence, and the extent of it, would satisfy us when in peril, and encourage us to trust God in the way of duty. Providence takes notice of the meanest creatures, even of the sparrows, and therefore of the smallest interests of the disciples of Christ. Those who confess Christ now, shall be owned by him in the great day, before the angels of God. To deter us from denying Christ, and deserting his truths and ways, we are here assured that those who deny Christ, though they may thus save life itself, and though they may gain a kingdom by it, will be great losers at last; for Christ will not know them, will not own them, nor show them favour. But let no trembling, penitent backslider doubt of obtaining forgiveness. This is far different from the determined enmity that is blasphemy against the Holy Ghost, which shall never be forgiven, because it will never be repented of.
vv13-21
Christ's kingdom is spiritual, and not of this world. Christianity does not meddle with politics; it obliges all to do justly, but wordly dominion is not founded in grace. It does not encourage expectations of worldly advantages by religion. The rewards of Christ's disciples are of another nature. Covetousness is a sin we need constantly to be warned against; for happiness and comfort do not depend on the wealth of this world. The things of the world will not satisfy the desires of a soul. Here is a parable, which shows the folly of carnal worldling while they live, and their misery when they die. The character drawn is exactly that of a prudent, worldly man, who has no grateful regard to the providence of God, nor any right thought of the uncertainty of human affairs, the worth of his soul, or the importance of eternity. How many, even among professed Christians, point out similar characters as models for imitation, and proper persons to form connexions with! We mistake if we think that thoughts are hid, and thoughts are free. When he saw a great crop upon his ground, instead of thanking God for it, or rejoicing to be able to do more good, he afflicts himself. What shall I do now? The poorest beggar in the country could not have said a more anxious word. The more men have, the more perplexity they have with it. It was folly for him to think of making no other use of his plenty, than to indulge the flesh and gratify the sensual appetites, without any thought of doing good to others. Carnal worldlings are fools; and the day is coming when God will call them by their own name, and they will call themselves so. The death of such persons is miserable in itself, and terrible to them. Thy soul shall be required. He is loth to part with it; but God shall require it, shall require an account of it, require it as a guilty soul to be punished without delay. It is the folly of most men, to mind and pursue that which is for the body and for time only, more than that for the soul and eternity.
vv22-40
Christ largely insisted upon this caution not to give way to disquieting, perplexing cares, Mt 6:25–34. The arguments here used are for our encouragement to cast our care upon God, which is the right way to get ease. As in our stature, so in our state, it is our wisdom to take it as it is. An eager, anxious pursuit of the things of this world, even necessary things, ill becomes the disciples of Christ. Fears must not prevail; when we frighten ourselves with thoughts of evil to come, and put ourselves upon needless cares how to avoid it. If we value the beauty of holiness, we shall not crave the luxuries of life. Let us then examine whether we belong to this little flock. Christ is our Master, and we are his servants; not only working servants, but waiting servants. We must be as men that wait for their lord, that sit up while he stays out late, to be ready to receive him. In this Christ alluded to his own ascension to heaven, his coming to call his people to him by death, and his return to judge the world. We are uncertain as to the time of his coming to us, we should therefore be always ready. If men thus take care of their houses, let us be thus wise for our souls. Be ye therefore ready also; as ready as the good man of the house would be, if he knew at what hour the thief would come.
Key Words
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
ὅς (hós): the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
μυριάς (myriás): a ten-thousand; by extension, a "myriad" or indefinite number
ὄχλος (óchlos): a throng (as borne along); by implication, the rabble; by extension, a class of people; figuratively, a riot
ἐπισυνάγω (episynágō): to collect upon the same place
ὥστε (hṓste): so too, i.e. thus therefore (in various relations of consecution, as follow)
καταπατέω (katapatéō): to trample down; figuratively, to reject with disdain
ἀλλήλων (allḗlōn): one another
ἄρχομαι (árchomai): to commence (in order of time)
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
Cross References
Luke 12Direct parallel command to fear God (who casts into hell) rather than men.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel discourse forbidding anxious worldly care, urging trust in God's providence and seeking His kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Direct parallel teaching on resolving disputes with adversaries while on the way, avoiding judicial penalty.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Parallel warning regarding the 'leaven of the Pharisees,' contrasting hypocrisy/doctrine with sincerity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Direct parallel teaching on the sparrows and the farthings under divine care.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the rich fool's futility of heaping up riches without knowing who will gather them.
Supported by JFB
The foundational imagery of having loins girded, ready for immediate, obedient departure.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
The spiritual exhortation to 'gird up the loins of your mind' in sober expectation.
Supported by John Calvin
Direct parallel teaching comparing the unexpected return of the Son of Man to a thief.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Direct parallel regarding the faithful and wise steward set over his master's household.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel declaration that Christ did not come to bring peace, but division/sword.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Old Testament source for familial division (father/son, mother/daughter) directly echoed by Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Direct verbal and thematic parallel regarding confessing Christ before men and the Father.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel instruction distinguishing blasphemy against the Son of man from the Holy Ghost.
Supported by JFB
Jesus directly echoes Moses' words, repudiating the role of a secular judge and divider.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of the psalmist's warning: he heapeth up riches and knoweth not who gathers them.
Supported by JFB
Old Testament precedent of God providing food for the ravens specifically, illustrating sovereign care.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Parallel command to lay up uncorruptible treasure in heaven rather than transient earthly wealth.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Paul's command to the rich to do good works, laying up a foundation for eternity.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Christ acts out this promise by girding Himself and washing His disciples' feet as a servant.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Apostolic instruction reiterating that the day of the Lord comes like a thief in the night.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Addresses Peter's question on whom the warning is for: 'What I say unto you I say unto all.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel description of the evil servant who claims his lord delays and abuses others.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel rebuke of hypocrites who discern weather signs but fail to discern spiritual times.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel warning about not departing from prison until paying the very last farthing/mite.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallel proverb regarding covered things that will inevitably be revealed and made known.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Exhortation against trusting in uncertain riches and being rich in good works.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Sermon on the Mount warning against anxiety and worldly, material focus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Immediate context and application defining what it means to be 'not rich toward God.'
Supported by JFB
Thematic match: he that gets riches unjustly dies a fool at his end.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrasts laying up treasure for self (v21) with selling possessions to provide heavenly bags (v33).
Supported by JFB
If God has freely given us His Son and the kingdom, He will supply all else.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul echoes Christ's tender imagery of His followers as a purchased 'flock'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus commands the rich young ruler to sell all and obtain treasure in heaven.
Supported by John Calvin
Eschatological blessing pronounced on the one who watches and keeps his garments.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Practical warning that knowing to do good and not doing it constitutes severe sin.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole