Exodus32
New King James Version
1Now when the people saw that Moses delayed coming down from the mountain, the people gathered together to Aaron, and said to him, “Come, make us gods that shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him.”
2And Aaron said to them, “Break off the golden earrings which are in the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me.”
3So all the people broke off the golden earrings which were in their ears, and brought them to Aaron.
4And he received the gold from their hand, and he fashioned it with an engraving tool, and made a molded calf. Then they said, “This is your god, O Israel, that brought you out of the land of Egypt!”
5So when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it. And Aaron made a proclamation and said, “Tomorrow is a feast to the Lord.”
6Then they rose early on the next day, offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play.
7And the Lord said to Moses, “Go, get down! For your people whom you brought out of the land of Egypt have corrupted themselves.
8They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them. They have made themselves a molded calf, and worshiped it and sacrificed to it, and said, ‘This is your god, O Israel, that brought you out of the land of Egypt!’ ”
9And the Lord said to Moses, “I have seen this people, and indeed it is a stiff-necked people!
10Now therefore, let Me alone, that My wrath may burn hot against them and I may consume them. And I will make of you a great nation.”
11Then Moses pleaded with the Lord his God, and said: “Lord, why does Your wrath burn hot against Your people whom You have brought out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?
12Why should the Egyptians speak, and say, ‘He brought them out to harm them, to kill them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth’? Turn from Your fierce wrath, and relent from this harm to Your people.
13Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, Your servants, to whom You swore by Your own self, and said to them, ‘I will multiply your descendants as the stars of heaven; and all this land that I have spoken of I give to your descendants, and they shall inherit it forever.’ ”
14So the Lord relented from the harm which He said He would do to His people.
15And Moses turned and went down from the mountain, and the two tablets of the Testimony were in his hand. The tablets were written on both sides; on the one side and on the other they were written.
16Now the tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God engraved on the tablets.
17And when Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said to Moses, “There is a noise of war in the camp.”
18But he said: “It is not the noise of the shout of victory, Nor the noise of the cry of defeat, But the sound of singing I hear.”
19So it was, as soon as he came near the camp, that he saw the calf and the dancing. So Moses’ anger became hot, and he cast the tablets out of his hands and broke them at the foot of the mountain.
20Then he took the calf which they had made, burned it in the fire, and ground it to powder; and he scattered it on the water and made the children of Israel drink it.
21And Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people do to you that you have brought so great a sin upon them?”
22So Aaron said, “Do not let the anger of my lord become hot. You know the people, that they are set on evil.
23For they said to me, ‘Make us gods that shall go before us; as for this Moses, the man who brought us out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him.’
24And I said to them, ‘Whoever has any gold, let them break it off.’ So they gave it to me, and I cast it into the fire, and this calf came out.”
25Now when Moses saw that the people were unrestrained (for Aaron had not restrained them, to their shame among their enemies),
26then Moses stood in the entrance of the camp, and said, “Whoever is on the Lord’s side—come to me!” And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together to him.
27And he said to them, “Thus says the Lord God of Israel: ‘Let every man put his sword on his side, and go in and out from entrance to entrance throughout the camp, and let every man kill his brother, every man his companion, and every man his neighbor.’ ”
28So the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses. And about three thousand men of the people fell that day.
29Then Moses said, “Consecrate yourselves today to the Lord, that He may bestow on you a blessing this day, for every man has opposed his son and his brother.”
30Now it came to pass on the next day that Moses said to the people, “You have committed a great sin. So now I will go up to the Lord; perhaps I can make atonement for your sin.”
31Then Moses returned to the Lord and said, “Oh, these people have committed a great sin, and have made for themselves a god of gold!
32Yet now, if You will forgive their sin—but if not, I pray, blot me out of Your book which You have written.”
33And the Lord said to Moses, “Whoever has sinned against Me, I will blot him out of My book.
34Now therefore, go, lead the people to the place of which I have spoken to you. Behold, My Angel shall go before you. Nevertheless, in the day when I visit for punishment, I will visit punishment upon them for their sin.”
35So the Lord plagued the people because of what they did with the calf which Aaron made.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 32.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The people cause Aaron to make a golden calf. (1–6). God's displeasure, The intercession of Moses. (7–14). Moses breaks the tables of the law, He destroys the golden calf. (15–20). Aaron's excuse, The idolaters slain. (21–29). Moses prays for the people. (30–35).
vv1-6
While Moses was in the mount, receiving the law from God, the people made a tumultuous address to Aaron. This giddy multitude were weary of waiting for the return of Moses. Weariness in waiting betrays to many temptations. The Lord must be waited for till he comes, and waited for though he tarry. Let their readiness to part with their ear-rings to make an idol, shame our niggardliness in the service of the true God. They did not draw back on account of the cost of their idolatry; and shall we grudge the expenses of religion? Aaron produced the shape of an ox or calf, giving it some finish with a graving tool. They offered sacrifice to this idol. Having set up an image before them, and so changed the truth of God into a lie, their sacrifices were abomination. Had they not, only a few days before, in this very place, heard the voice of the Lord God speaking to them out of the midst of the fire, Thou shalt not make to thyself any graven image? Had they not themselves solemnly entered into covenant with God, that they would do all he had said to them, and would be obedient? ch. 24:7. Yet before they stirred from the place where this covenant had been solemnly made, they brake an express command, in defiance of an express threatening. It plainly shows, that the law was no more able to make holy, than it was to justify; by it is the knowledge of sin, but not the cure of sin. Aaron was set apart by the Divine appointment to the office of the priesthood; but he, who had once shamed himself so far as to build an altar to a golden calf, must own himself unworthy of the honour of attending at the altar of God, and indebted to free grace alone for it. Thus pride and boasting were silenced.
vv7-14
God says to Moses, that the Israelites had corrupted themselves. Sin is the corruption of the sinner, and it is a self-corruption; every man is tempted when he is drawn aside of his own lust. They had turned aside out of the way. Sin is a departing from the way of duty into a by-path. They soon forgot God's works. He sees what they cannot discover, nor is any wickedness of the world hid from him. We could not bear to see the thousandth part of that evil which God sees every day. God expresses the greatness of his just displeasure, after the manner of men who would have prayer of Moses could save them from ruin; thus he was a type of Christ, by whose mediation alone, God would reconcile the world to himself. Moses pleads God's glory. The glorifying God's name, as it ought to be our first petition, and it is so in the Lord's prayer, so it ought to be our great plea. And God's promises are to be our pleas in prayer; for what he has promised he is able to perform. See the power of prayer. In answer to the prayers of Moses, God showed his purpose of sparing the people, as he had before seemed determined on their destruction; which change of the outward discovery of his purpose, is called repenting of the evil.
vv15-20
What a change it is, to come down from the mount of communion with God, to converse with a wicked world. In God we see nothing but what is pure and pleasing; in the world nothing but what is sinful and provoking. That it might appear an idol is nothing in the world, Moses ground the calf to dust. Mixing this powder with their drink, signified that the backslider in heart should be filled with his own ways.
Key Words
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
בּוּשׁ: properly, to pale, i.e. by implication to be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or delayed
יָרַד: to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
הַר: a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
קָהַל: to convoke
אַהֲרוֹן: Aharon, the brother of Moses
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
Cross References
Exodus 32Stephen quotes the people's demand to Aaron: 'Make us gods to go before us...'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul explicitly quotes verse 6: 'The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Moses praises Levi for ignoring family ties to execute God's judgment at the golden calf.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Paul's parallel willingness to be accursed for his brethren echoes Moses' prayer of self-sacrifice.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Historically recounts Israel making a calf in Horeb and changing their Glory into an ox's image.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jeroboam duplicates this exact apostasy, making two golden calves and repeating the formula of deliverance.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account where God commands Moses to go down because the people quickly corrupted themselves.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Moses describes how he took the calf, burnt it, crushed it, and ground it into dust.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Psalmic reflection on Moses standing in the breach to turn away God's destroying wrath.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Stephen recounts their making of a calf and offering sacrifice to the idol.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Celebrates Moses standing in the breach to turn away God's wrath from destroying them.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Deuteronomy's record of Moses' intense prayer pleading God's past redemption and covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses uses a highly similar plea, arguing that the Egyptians will hear and mock God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explicit Mosaic recollection of God's extreme anger against Aaron and Moses praying for him.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Biblical motif of the 'book of the living' from which the wicked are blotted.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The promise of the guiding Angel, repeated here after Israel's great sin.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Theological exposition of changing the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image of beasts.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Nehemiah confesses Israel's sin of making a molten calf and committing great provocations.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Stephen applies the term 'stiffnecked' to the rebellious council, echoing God's description here.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Directly links to the moment Moses received the two stone tablets written by God's finger.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Moses recalls casting the tables out of his hands and breaking them before their eyes.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Aaron's evasive defense mirrors Adam shifting blame to the woman and circumstances.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel use of 'naked' to describe spiritual exposure and shame caused by moral rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
God's covenant with Levi established because of their fear and stand for righteousness.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Stephen's speech to the Sanhedrin specifically citing Israel making a calf and rejoicing.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Abimelech's question to Abraham uses identical phrasing regarding bringing a great sin upon a kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another instance where zeal in executing judgment secures a lasting priestly blessing.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Deuteronomic account of Moses prostrating himself forty days for Israel's golden calf sin.
Supported by John Calvin
Christ's promise not to blot the overcomer's name out of the Book of Life.
Supported by Matthew Poole
New Testament warning on wilderness judgments, serving as an example for the church.
Supported by Matthew Henry