Exodus 32KJV
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Exodus32

King James Version · Public Domain

1And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down out of the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.

2And Aaron said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me.

3And all the people brake off the golden earrings which were in their ears, and brought them unto Aaron.

4And he received them at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool, after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.

5And when Aaron saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said, To morrow is a feast to the Lord.

6And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play.

7And the Lord said unto Moses, Go, get thee down; for thy people, which thou broughtest out of the land of Egypt, have corrupted themselves:

8They have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them: they have made them a molten calf, and have worshipped it, and have sacrificed thereunto, and said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which have brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.

9And the Lord said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people:

10Now therefore let me alone, that my wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them: and I will make of thee a great nation.

11And Moses besought the Lord his God, and said, Lord, why doth thy wrath wax hot against thy people, which thou hast brought forth out of the land of Egypt with great power, and with a mighty hand?

12Wherefore should the Egyptians speak, and say, For mischief did he bring them out, to slay them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth? Turn from thy fierce wrath, and repent of this evil against thy people.

13Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy servants, to whom thou swarest by thine own self, and saidst unto them, I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give unto your seed, and they shall inherit it for ever.

14And the Lord repented of the evil which he thought to do unto his people.

15And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written.

16And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables.

17And when Joshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said unto Moses, There is a noise of war in the camp.

18And he said, It is not the voice of them that shout for mastery, neither is it the voice of them that cry for being overcome: but the noise of them that sing do I hear.

19And it came to pass, as soon as he came nigh unto the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moses' anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount.

20And he took the calf which they had made, and burnt it in the fire, and ground it to powder, and strawed it upon the water, and made the children of Israel drink of it.

21And Moses said unto Aaron, What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?

22And Aaron said, Let not the anger of my lord wax hot: thou knowest the people, that they are set on mischief.

23For they said unto me, Make us gods, which shall go before us: for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him.

24And I said unto them, Whosoever hath any gold, let them break it off. So they gave it me: then I cast it into the fire, and there came out this calf.

25And when Moses saw that the people were naked; (for Aaron had made them naked unto their shame among their enemies:)

26Then Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, Who is on the Lord's side? let him come unto me. And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together unto him.

27And he said unto them, Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, Put every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbour.

28And the children of Levi did according to the word of Moses: and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.

29For Moses had said, Consecrate yourselves to day to the Lord, even every man upon his son, and upon his brother; that he may bestow upon you a blessing this day.

30And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses said unto the people, Ye have sinned a great sin: and now I will go up unto the Lord; peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin.

31And Moses returned unto the Lord, and said, Oh, this people have sinned a great sin, and have made them gods of gold.

32Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin―; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written.

33And the Lord said unto Moses, Whosoever hath sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.

34Therefore now go, lead the people unto the place of which I have spoken unto thee: behold, mine Angel shall go before thee: nevertheless in the day when I visit I will visit their sin upon them.

35And the Lord plagued the people, because they made the calf, which Aaron made.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 32.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The people cause Aaron to make a golden calf. (1–6). God's displeasure, The intercession of Moses. (7–14). Moses breaks the tables of the law, He destroys the golden calf. (15–20). Aaron's excuse, The idolaters slain. (21–29). Moses prays for the people. (30–35).

vv1-6

While Moses was in the mount, receiving the law from God, the people made a tumultuous address to Aaron. This giddy multitude were weary of waiting for the return of Moses. Weariness in waiting betrays to many temptations. The Lord must be waited for till he comes, and waited for though he tarry. Let their readiness to part with their ear-rings to make an idol, shame our niggardliness in the service of the true God. They did not draw back on account of the cost of their idolatry; and shall we grudge the expenses of religion? Aaron produced the shape of an ox or calf, giving it some finish with a graving tool. They offered sacrifice to this idol. Having set up an image before them, and so changed the truth of God into a lie, their sacrifices were abomination. Had they not, only a few days before, in this very place, heard the voice of the Lord God speaking to them out of the midst of the fire, Thou shalt not make to thyself any graven image? Had they not themselves solemnly entered into covenant with God, that they would do all he had said to them, and would be obedient? ch. 24:7. Yet before they stirred from the place where this covenant had been solemnly made, they brake an express command, in defiance of an express threatening. It plainly shows, that the law was no more able to make holy, than it was to justify; by it is the knowledge of sin, but not the cure of sin. Aaron was set apart by the Divine appointment to the office of the priesthood; but he, who had once shamed himself so far as to build an altar to a golden calf, must own himself unworthy of the honour of attending at the altar of God, and indebted to free grace alone for it. Thus pride and boasting were silenced.

vv7-14

God says to Moses, that the Israelites had corrupted themselves. Sin is the corruption of the sinner, and it is a self-corruption; every man is tempted when he is drawn aside of his own lust. They had turned aside out of the way. Sin is a departing from the way of duty into a by-path. They soon forgot God's works. He sees what they cannot discover, nor is any wickedness of the world hid from him. We could not bear to see the thousandth part of that evil which God sees every day. God expresses the greatness of his just displeasure, after the manner of men who would have prayer of Moses could save them from ruin; thus he was a type of Christ, by whose mediation alone, God would reconcile the world to himself. Moses pleads God's glory. The glorifying God's name, as it ought to be our first petition, and it is so in the Lord's prayer, so it ought to be our great plea. And God's promises are to be our pleas in prayer; for what he has promised he is able to perform. See the power of prayer. In answer to the prayers of Moses, God showed his purpose of sparing the people, as he had before seemed determined on their destruction; which change of the outward discovery of his purpose, is called repenting of the evil.

vv15-20

What a change it is, to come down from the mount of communion with God, to converse with a wicked world. In God we see nothing but what is pure and pleasing; in the world nothing but what is sinful and provoking. That it might appear an idol is nothing in the world, Moses ground the calf to dust. Mixing this powder with their drink, signified that the backslider in heart should be filled with his own ways.

Cross References

Exodus 32
v1Acts 7:40quotation

Stephen quotes the people's demand to Aaron: 'Make us gods to go before us...'

Supported by Matthew Poole

Paul explicitly quotes verse 6: 'The people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to play.'

Supported by Matthew Poole

v29Deuteronomy 33:9thematic

Moses praises Levi for ignoring family ties to execute God's judgment at the golden calf.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v32Romans 9:3thematic

Paul's parallel willingness to be accursed for his brethren echoes Moses' prayer of self-sacrifice.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

Historically recounts Israel making a calf in Horeb and changing their Glory into an ox's image.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41 Kings 12:28thematic

Jeroboam duplicates this exact apostasy, making two golden calves and repeating the formula of deliverance.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Parallel account where God commands Moses to go down because the people quickly corrupted themselves.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v20Deuteronomy 9:21thematic

Moses describes how he took the calf, burnt it, crushed it, and ground it into dust.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v32Psalms 106:23thematic

Psalmic reflection on Moses standing in the breach to turn away God's destroying wrath.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v4Acts 7:41allusion

Stephen recounts their making of a calf and offering sacrifice to the idol.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v10Psalms 106:23thematic

Celebrates Moses standing in the breach to turn away God's wrath from destroying them.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Deuteronomy's record of Moses' intense prayer pleading God's past redemption and covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Numbers 14:13-16thematic

Moses uses a highly similar plea, arguing that the Egyptians will hear and mock God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Deuteronomy 9:20thematic

Explicit Mosaic recollection of God's extreme anger against Aaron and Moses praying for him.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v32Psalms 69:28thematic

Biblical motif of the 'book of the living' from which the wicked are blotted.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v34Exodus 23:20allusion

The promise of the guiding Angel, repeated here after Israel's great sin.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v4Romans 1:21-23thematic

Theological exposition of changing the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image of beasts.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Nehemiah 9:18thematic

Nehemiah confesses Israel's sin of making a molten calf and committing great provocations.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Acts 7:51allusion

Stephen applies the term 'stiffnecked' to the rebellious council, echoing God's description here.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v15Exodus 31:18thematic

Directly links to the moment Moses received the two stone tablets written by God's finger.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v19Deuteronomy 9:17thematic

Moses recalls casting the tables out of his hands and breaking them before their eyes.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v24Genesis 3:12thematic

Aaron's evasive defense mirrors Adam shifting blame to the woman and circumstances.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Parallel use of 'naked' to describe spiritual exposure and shame caused by moral rebellion.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v28Malachi 2:4-6thematic

God's covenant with Levi established because of their fear and stand for righteousness.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v35Acts 7:41thematic

Stephen's speech to the Sanhedrin specifically citing Israel making a calf and rejoicing.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Genesis 20:9thematic

Abimelech's question to Abraham uses identical phrasing regarding bringing a great sin upon a kingdom.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v29Numbers 25:11-13thematic

Another instance where zeal in executing judgment secures a lasting priestly blessing.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v31Deuteronomy 9:18thematic

Deuteronomic account of Moses prostrating himself forty days for Israel's golden calf sin.

Supported by John Calvin

v33Revelation 3:5thematic

Christ's promise not to blot the overcomer's name out of the Book of Life.

Supported by Matthew Poole

New Testament warning on wilderness judgments, serving as an example for the church.

Supported by Matthew Henry