Jeremiah46
New International Version
1This is the word of the Lord that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the nations:
2Concerning Egypt: This is the message against the army of Pharaoh Necho king of Egypt, which was defeated at Carchemish on the Euphrates River by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah:
3“Prepare your shields, both large and small, and march out for battle!
4Harness the horses, mount the steeds! Take your positions with helmets on! Polish your spears, put on your armor!
5What do I see? They are terrified, they are retreating, their warriors are defeated. They flee in haste without looking back, and there is terror on every side,” declares the Lord.
6“The swift cannot flee nor the strong escape. In the north by the River Euphrates they stumble and fall.
7“Who is this that rises like the Nile, like rivers of surging waters?
8Egypt rises like the Nile, like rivers of surging waters. She says, ‘I will rise and cover the earth; I will destroy cities and their people.’
9Charge, you horses! Drive furiously, you charioteers! March on, you warriors—men of Cush and Put who carry shields, men of Lydia who draw the bow.
10But that day belongs to the Lord, the Lord Almighty— a day of vengeance, for vengeance on his foes. The sword will devour till it is satisfied, till it has quenched its thirst with blood. For the Lord, the Lord Almighty, will offer sacrifice in the land of the north by the River Euphrates.
11“Go up to Gilead and get balm, Virgin Daughter Egypt. But you try many medicines in vain; there is no healing for you.
12The nations will hear of your shame; your cries will fill the earth. One warrior will stumble over another; both will fall down together.”
13This is the message the Lord spoke to Jeremiah the prophet about the coming of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon to attack Egypt:
14“Announce this in Egypt, and proclaim it in Migdol; proclaim it also in Memphis and Tahpanhes: ‘Take your positions and get ready, for the sword devours those around you.’
15Why will your warriors be laid low? They cannot stand, for the Lord will push them down.
16They will stumble repeatedly; they will fall over each other. They will say, ‘Get up, let us go back to our own people and our native lands, away from the sword of the oppressor.’
17There they will exclaim, ‘Pharaoh king of Egypt is only a loud noise; he has missed his opportunity.’
18“As surely as I live,” declares the King, whose name is the Lord Almighty, “one will come who is like Tabor among the mountains, like Carmel by the sea.
19Pack your belongings for exile, you who live in Egypt, for Memphis will be laid waste and lie in ruins without inhabitant.
20“Egypt is a beautiful heifer, but a gadfly is coming against her from the north.
21The mercenaries in her ranks are like fattened calves. They too will turn and flee together, they will not stand their ground, for the day of disaster is coming upon them, the time for them to be punished.
22Egypt will hiss like a fleeing serpent as the enemy advances in force; they will come against her with axes, like men who cut down trees.
23They will chop down her forest,” declares the Lord, “dense though it be. They are more numerous than locusts, they cannot be counted.
24Daughter Egypt will be put to shame, given into the hands of the people of the north.”
25The Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: “I am about to bring punishment on Amon god of Thebes, on Pharaoh, on Egypt and her gods and her kings, and on those who rely on Pharaoh.
26I will give them into the hands of those who want to kill them—Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and his officers. Later, however, Egypt will be inhabited as in times past,” declares the Lord.
27“Do not be afraid, Jacob my servant; do not be dismayed, Israel. I will surely save you out of a distant place, your descendants from the land of their exile. Jacob will again have peace and security, and no one will make him afraid.
28Do not be afraid, Jacob my servant, for I am with you,” declares the Lord. “Though I completely destroy all the nations among which I scatter you, I will not completely destroy you. I will discipline you but only in due measure; I will not let you go entirely unpunished.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 46.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The defeat of the Egyptians. (1-12). Their overthrow after the siege of Tyre. (13-26). A promise of comfort to the Jews. (27-28).
vv1-12
The whole word of God is against those who obey not the gospel of Christ; but it is for those, even of the Gentiles, who turn to Him. The prophecy begins with Egypt. Let them strengthen themselves with all the art and interest they have, yet it shall be all in vain. The wounds God inflicts on his enemies, cannot be healed by medicines. Power and prosperity soon pass from one to another in this changing world.
vv13-28
Those who encroached on others, shall now be themselves encroached on. Egypt is now like a very fair heifer, not accustomed to the yoke of subjection; but destruction comes out of the north: the Chaldeans shall come. Comfort and peace are spoken to the Israel of God, designed to encourage them when the judgments of God were abroad among the nations. He will be with them, and only correct them in measure; and will not punish them with everlasting destruction from his presence.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
יִרְמְיָה: Jirmejah, the name of eight or nine Israelites
נָבִיא: a prophet or (generally) inspired man
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
גּוֹי: a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
מִצְרַיִם: Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
חַיִל: probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
פַּרְעֹה נְכֹה: Paroh-Nekoh (or -Neko), an Egyptian king
מֶלֶךְ: a king
Cross References
Jeremiah 46Historical context of Pharaoh-necho's campaign at Megiddo where King Josiah was slain.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Verbal echo regarding Gilead and balm, demonstrating the futility of seeking healing for Egypt's terminal defeat.
Supported by JFB
Virtually identical comforting promise of preservation and return given to Jacob/Israel amidst Gentile judgments.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels the promise to correct Israel in measure while making a full end of other nations.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Records the historical aftermath: the King of Egypt lost all territory from the Nile to the Euphrates.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Carchemish mentioned as a strategic Syrian location of previous conflict and ultimate Babylonian conquest.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The same metaphor of an overflowing flood/river is used to describe an invading army from the north.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the metaphor of a great, rising river (Euphrates) representing an overwhelming foreign military invasion.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the sacrificial imagery of divine vengeance, where slaughter is described as a sacrifice to the Lord.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah's explicit prediction in Egypt that Nebuchadnezzar would come and smite the land.
Supported by JFB
Mentions Tahpanhes and Noph (Memphis) as sources of Israel's undoing and objects of divine judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the promise of Egypt's restoration to being inhabited after the period of desolation.
Ezekiel's parallel prophecy against the same key Egyptian cities: Noph (Memphis) and others.
Uses the heifer metaphor for a pampered, prosperous nation unaccustomed to the yoke.
Supported by Matthew Henry