2 Kings24
New International Version
1During Jehoiakim’s reign, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon invaded the land, and Jehoiakim became his vassal for three years. But then he turned against Nebuchadnezzar and rebelled.
2The Lord sent Babylonian, Aramean, Moabite and Ammonite raiders against him to destroy Judah, in accordance with the word of the Lord proclaimed by his servants the prophets.
3Surely these things happened to Judah according to the Lord’s command, in order to remove them from his presence because of the sins of Manasseh and all he had done,
4including the shedding of innocent blood. For he had filled Jerusalem with innocent blood, and the Lord was not willing to forgive.
5As for the other events of Jehoiakim’s reign, and all he did, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Judah?
6Jehoiakim rested with his ancestors. And Jehoiachin his son succeeded him as king.
7The king of Egypt did not march out from his own country again, because the king of Babylon had taken all his territory, from the Wadi of Egypt to the Euphrates River.
8Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months. His mother’s name was Nehushta daughter of Elnathan; she was from Jerusalem.
9He did evil in the eyes of the Lord, just as his father had done.
10At that time the officers of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon advanced on Jerusalem and laid siege to it,
11and Nebuchadnezzar himself came up to the city while his officers were besieging it.
12Jehoiachin king of Judah, his mother, his attendants, his nobles and his officials all surrendered to him. In the eighth year of the reign of the king of Babylon, he took Jehoiachin prisoner.
13As the Lord had declared, Nebuchadnezzar removed the treasures from the temple of the Lord and from the royal palace, and cut up the gold articles that Solomon king of Israel had made for the temple of the Lord.
14He carried all Jerusalem into exile: all the officers and fighting men, and all the skilled workers and artisans—a total of ten thousand. Only the poorest people of the land were left.
15Nebuchadnezzar took Jehoiachin captive to Babylon. He also took from Jerusalem to Babylon the king’s mother, his wives, his officials and the prominent people of the land.
16The king of Babylon also deported to Babylon the entire force of seven thousand fighting men, strong and fit for war, and a thousand skilled workers and artisans.
17He made Mattaniah, Jehoiachin’s uncle, king in his place and changed his name to Zedekiah.
18Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. His mother’s name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah; she was from Libnah.
19He did evil in the eyes of the Lord, just as Jehoiakim had done.
20It was because of the Lord’s anger that all this happened to Jerusalem and Judah, and in the end he thrust them from his presence. Now Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 24.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Jehoiakim subdued by Nebuchadnezzar. (1–7). Jehoiachim captive in Babylon. (8–20).
vv1-7
If Jehoiakim had served the Lord, he had not been servant to Nebuchadnezzar. If he had been content with his servitude, and true to his word, his condition had been no worse; but, rebelling against Babylon, he plunged himself into more trouble. See what need nations have to lament the sins of their fathers, lest they smart for them. Threatenings will be fulfilled as certainly as promises, if the sinner's repentance prevent not. (2Ki 24:8-20)
vv8-20
Jehoiachin reigned but three months, yet long enough to show that he justly smarted for his fathers' sins, for he trod in their steps. His uncle was intrusted with the government. This Zedekiah was the last of the kings of Judah. Though the judgments of God upon the three kings before him might have warned him, he did that which was evil, like them. When those intrusted with the counsels of a nation act unwisely, and against their true interest, we ought to notice the displeasure of God in it. It is for the sins of a people that God hides from them the things that belong to the public peace. And in fulfilling the secret purposes of his justice, the Lord needs only leave men to the blindness of their own minds, or to the lusts of their own hearts. The gradual approach of Divine judgments affords sinners space for repentance, and believers leisure to prepare for meeting the calamity, while it shows the obstinacy of those who will not forsake their sins.
Key Words
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר: Nebukadnetstsar (or -retstsar, or -retstsor), king of Babylon
מֶלֶךְ: a king
בָּבֶל: Babel (i.e. Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
יְהוֹיָקִים: Jehojakim, a Jewish king
עֶבֶד: a servant
שָׁלוֹשׁ: three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
Cross References
2 Kings 24Prophetic fulfillment of Jehoiakim's dishonorable end, contrast with "slept with his fathers."
Supported by JFB
Jehoiachin's identity as Coniah/Jeconiah and his judgment from the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account addressing the chronological difficulty of Jehoiachin's age at his accession.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Synchronizes Jehoiakim's fourth year with the first year of Nebuchadnezzar's reign.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Context of Nebuchadnezzar's victory over Egypt, forcing Jehoiakim into submission.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Confirms the primary cause of Judah's downfall was Manasseh's unpardoned sin.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecy to Hezekiah that all royal treasures would go to Babylon.
Supported by JFB
Details Manasseh's filling Jerusalem with innocent blood, which God would not pardon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfills prediction that Jehoiakim would have none to sit on David's throne.
Supported by JFB
Ezekiel's figurative portrayal of Jehoiachin's short, evil, and ravenous reign.
Supported by JFB
Genealogical confirmation that Mattaniah (Zedekiah) was the son of Josiah.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic description of the covenant and oath Nebuchadnezzar forced upon Zedekiah.
Supported by JFB
Daniel's parallel timeline of Nebuchadnezzar's initial siege of Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfills Jeremiah's prophecy that Coniah and his mother would be cast into exile.
Supported by JFB
Genealogical confirmation linking Jehoiakim with his successor Jeconiah.
Supported by Matthew Poole