2 Kings21
New International Version
1Manasseh was twelve years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem fifty-five years. His mother’s name was Hephzibah.
2He did evil in the eyes of the Lord, following the detestable practices of the nations the Lord had driven out before the Israelites.
3He rebuilt the high places his father Hezekiah had destroyed; he also erected altars to Baal and made an Asherah pole, as Ahab king of Israel had done. He bowed down to all the starry hosts and worshiped them.
4He built altars in the temple of the Lord, of which the Lord had said, “In Jerusalem I will put my Name.”
5In the two courts of the temple of the Lord, he built altars to all the starry hosts.
6He sacrificed his own son in the fire, practiced divination, sought omens, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did much evil in the eyes of the Lord, arousing his anger.
7He took the carved Asherah pole he had made and put it in the temple, of which the Lord had said to David and to his son Solomon, “In this temple and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will put my Name forever.
8I will not again make the feet of the Israelites wander from the land I gave their ancestors, if only they will be careful to do everything I commanded them and will keep the whole Law that my servant Moses gave them.”
9But the people did not listen. Manasseh led them astray, so that they did more evil than the nations the Lord had destroyed before the Israelites.
10The Lord said through his servants the prophets:
11“Manasseh king of Judah has committed these detestable sins. He has done more evil than the Amorites who preceded him and has led Judah into sin with his idols.
12Therefore this is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: I am going to bring such disaster on Jerusalem and Judah that the ears of everyone who hears of it will tingle.
13I will stretch out over Jerusalem the measuring line used against Samaria and the plumb line used against the house of Ahab. I will wipe out Jerusalem as one wipes a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down.
14I will forsake the remnant of my inheritance and give them into the hands of enemies. They will be looted and plundered by all their enemies;
15they have done evil in my eyes and have aroused my anger from the day their ancestors came out of Egypt until this day.”
16Moreover, Manasseh also shed so much innocent blood that he filled Jerusalem from end to end—besides the sin that he had caused Judah to commit, so that they did evil in the eyes of the Lord.
17As for the other events of Manasseh’s reign, and all he did, including the sin he committed, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Judah?
18Manasseh rested with his ancestors and was buried in his palace garden, the garden of Uzza. And Amon his son succeeded him as king.
19Amon was twenty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem two years. His mother’s name was Meshullemeth daughter of Haruz; she was from Jotbah.
20He did evil in the eyes of the Lord, as his father Manasseh had done.
21He followed completely the ways of his father, worshiping the idols his father had worshiped, and bowing down to them.
22He forsook the Lord, the God of his ancestors, and did not walk in obedience to him.
23Amon’s officials conspired against him and assassinated the king in his palace.
24Then the people of the land killed all who had plotted against King Amon, and they made Josiah his son king in his place.
25As for the other events of Amon’s reign, and what he did, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Judah?
26He was buried in his tomb in the garden of Uzza. And Josiah his son succeeded him as king.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Wicked reign of Manasseh. (1–9). The prophetic denunciations against Judah. (10–18). Wicked reign and death of Amon. (19–26).
vv1-9
Young persons generally desire to become their own masters, and to have early possession of riches and power. But this, for the most part, ruins their future comfort, and causes mischief to others. It is much happier when young persons are sheltered under the care of parents or guardians, till age gives experience and discretion. Though such young persons are less indulged, they will afterwards be thankful. Manasseh wrought much wickedness in the sight of the Lord, as if on purpose to provoke him to anger; he did more evil than the nations whom the Lord destroyed. Manasseh went on from bad to worse, till carried captive to Babylon. The people were ready to comply with his wishes, to obtain his favour and because it suited their depraved inclinations. In the reformation of large bodies, numbers are mere time-servers, and in temptation fall away.
vv10-18
Here is the doom of Judah and Jerusalem. The words used represent the city emptied and utterly desolate, yet not destroyed thereby, but cleansed, and to be kept for the future dwelling of the Jews: forsaken, yet not finally, and only as to outward privileges, for individual believers were preserved in that visitation. The Lord will cast off any professing people who dishonour him by their crimes, but never will desert his cause on earth. In the book of Chronicles we read of Manasseh's repentance, and acceptance with God; thus we may learn not to despair of the recovery of the greatest sinners. But let none dare to persist in sin, presuming that they may repent and reform when they please. There are a few instances of the conversion of notorious sinners, that none may despair; and but few, that none may presume.
vv19-26
Amon profaned God's house with his idols; and God suffered his house to be polluted with his blood. How unrighteous soever they were that did it, God was righteous who suffered it to be done. Now was a happy change from one of the worst, to one of the best of the kings of Judah. Once more Judah was tried with a reformation. Whether the Lord bears long with presumptuous offenders, or speedily cuts them off in their sins, all must perish who persist in refusing to walk in his ways.
Key Words
מְנַשֶּׁה: Menashsheh, a grandson of Jacob, also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
אֵם: a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively (like father))
שֵׁם: an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
חֶפְצִי בָּהּ: Cheptsi-bah, a fanciful name for Palestine
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
רַע: bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
Cross References
2 Kings 21Parallel account detailing Manasseh's early reign, extreme idolatries, and subsequent captivity and repentance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The precise metaphorical phrase of ears tingling at the report of catastrophic divine judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jeremiah uses the same ear-tingling metaphor to announce the identical destruction of Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Manasseh rebuilt the very high places his reformist father Hezekiah had destroyed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Manasseh's idolatry explicitly modeled on Ahab's Baal worship and making of an Asherah grove.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Alludes directly to the Davidic covenant promise that Israel would no longer move.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah declares Judah's exile is explicitly because of what Manasseh did in Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel record of Amon's brief, wicked reign and failure to humble himself.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel details of building altars for the host of heaven in temple courts.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Precedent of Ahaz making his son pass through fire, demonstrating Judah's progressive slide.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Uses the measuring line and plummet as metaphors of total, planned destruction.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of the line stretched over Jerusalem's walls during the Babylonian destruction.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Traditional reference to Isaiah being sawn asunder under Manasseh's bloodthirsty purge.
Supported by JFB
Defines the inner and outer temple courts where Manasseh built pagan altars.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Even Josiah's reforms could not turn God's anger from Manasseh's deep provocations.
Supported by JFB