1 Samuel 3NIV
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1 Samuel3

New International Version

1The boy Samuel ministered before the Lord under Eli. In those days the word of the Lord was rare; there were not many visions.

2One night Eli, whose eyes were becoming so weak that he could barely see, was lying down in his usual place.

3The lamp of God had not yet gone out, and Samuel was lying down in the house of the Lord, where the ark of God was.

4Then the Lord called Samuel. Samuel answered, “Here I am.”

5And he ran to Eli and said, “Here I am; you called me.” But Eli said, “I did not call; go back and lie down.” So he went and lay down.

6Again the Lord called, “Samuel!” And Samuel got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am; you called me.” “My son,” Eli said, “I did not call; go back and lie down.”

7Now Samuel did not yet know the Lord: The word of the Lord had not yet been revealed to him.

8A third time the Lord called, “Samuel!” And Samuel got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am; you called me.” Then Eli realized that the Lord was calling the boy.

9So Eli told Samuel, “Go and lie down, and if he calls you, say, ‘Speak, Lord, for your servant is listening.’” So Samuel went and lay down in his place.

10The Lord came and stood there, calling as at the other times, “Samuel! Samuel!” Then Samuel said, “Speak, for your servant is listening.”

11And the Lord said to Samuel: “See, I am about to do something in Israel that will make the ears of everyone who hears about it tingle.

12At that time I will carry out against Eli everything I spoke against his family—from beginning to end.

13For I told him that I would judge his family forever because of the sin he knew about; his sons blasphemed God, and he failed to restrain them.

14Therefore I swore to the house of Eli, ‘The guilt of Eli’s house will never be atoned for by sacrifice or offering.’”

15Samuel lay down until morning and then opened the doors of the house of the Lord. He was afraid to tell Eli the vision,

16but Eli called him and said, “Samuel, my son.” Samuel answered, “Here I am.”

17“What was it he said to you?” Eli asked. “Do not hide it from me. May God deal with you, be it ever so severely, if you hide from me anything he told you.”

18So Samuel told him everything, hiding nothing from him. Then Eli said, “He is the Lord; let him do what is good in his eyes.”

19The Lord was with Samuel as he grew up, and he let none of Samuel’s words fall to the ground.

20And all Israel from Dan to Beersheba recognized that Samuel was attested as a prophet of the Lord.

21The Lord continued to appear at Shiloh, and there he revealed himself to Samuel through his word.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 3.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The word of the Lord first revealed to Samuel. (1–10). God tells Samuel the destruction of Eli's house. (11–18). Samuel established to be a prophet. (19–21).

vv1-10

The call which Divine grace designs shall be made effectual; will be repeated till it is so, till we come to the call. Eli, perceiving that it was the voice of God that Samuel heard, instructed him what to say. Though it was a disgrace to Eli, for God's call to be directed to Samuel, yet he told him how to meet it. Thus the elder should do their utmost to assist and improve the younger that are rising up. Let us never fail to teach those who are coming after us, even such as will soon be preferred before us, Joh 1:30. Good words should be put into children's mouths betimes, by which they may be prepared to learn Divine things, and be trained up to regard them.

vv11-18

What a great deal of guilt and corruption is there in us, concerning which we may say, It is the iniquity which our own heart knoweth; we are conscious to ourselves of it! Those who do not restrain the sins of others, when it is in their power to do it, make themselves partakers of the guilt, and will be charged as joining in it. In his remarkable answer to this awful sentence, Eli acknowledged that the Lord had a right to do as he saw good, being assured that he would do nothing wrong. The meekness, patience, and humility contained in those words, show that he was truly repentant; he accepted the punishment of his sin.

vv19-21

All increase in wisdom and grace, is owing to the presence of God with us. God will graciously repeat his visits to those who receive them aright. Early piety will be the greatest honour of young people. Those who honour God he will honour. Let young people consider the piety of Samuel, and from him they will learn to remember their Creator in the days of their youth. Young children are capable of religion. Samuel is a proof that their waiting upon the Lord will be pleasing to him. He is a pattern of all those amiable tempers, which are the brightest ornament of youth, and a sure source of happiness.

Cross References

1 Samuel 3
v121 Samuel 2:27-36thematic

Direct reference to the previously announced prophetic judgment against Eli's priestly house.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Exodus 27:21thematic

Prescribes the burning of the sanctuary lamps until morning, establishing the night-to-morning timeframe.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v71 Samuel 2:12thematic

Contrast between Samuel's ignorance of divine revelation and the sons of Eli who 'knew not the Lord'.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1Amos 8:11thematic

Parallel description of a famine of hearing the words of the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v112 Kings 21:12thematic

The severe warning of judgment that makes the ears of everyone who hears it tingle.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v121 Samuel 4:18thematic

The fulfillment of the threatened doom against Eli's house on the day of the battle.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v131 Samuel 2:22-25thematic

Details Eli's weak admonition of his sons, failing to properly restrain their wicked behavior.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v19Joshua 23:14thematic

Echoes the language of none of God's promised words 'falling to the ground' without fulfillment.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

Mandates the continuous evening-to-morning burning of the golden candlestick in the Tabernacle.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v11Jeremiah 19:3thematic

Another instance where catastrophic national judgment on Israel causes the hearer's ears to tingle.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v18Job 1:21thematic

Parallels Eli's quiet, submissive resignation to the severe, sovereign decree of God.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v1Proverbs 29:18thematic

Describes the spiritual danger and lawlessness that occur when there is 'no open vision'.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Genesis 27:1thematic

Parallels the physical dimness of Eli's eyes in old age with Isaac's declining sight.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v20Acts 3:24thematic

Identifies Samuel as the landmark prophet who inaugurated the era of open prophetic succession.

Supported by Matthew Henry