1 Samuel3
New King James Version
1Now the boy Samuel ministered to the Lord before Eli. And the word of the Lord was rare in those days; there was no widespread revelation.
2And it came to pass at that time, while Eli was lying down in his place, and when his eyes had begun to grow so dim that he could not see,
3and before the lamp of God went out in the tabernacle of the Lord where the ark of God was, and while Samuel was lying down,
4that the Lord called Samuel. And he answered, “Here I am!”
5So he ran to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” And he said, “I did not call; lie down again.” And he went and lay down.
6Then the Lord called yet again, “Samuel!” So Samuel arose and went to Eli, and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” He answered, “I did not call, my son; lie down again.”
7(Now Samuel did not yet know the Lord, nor was the word of the Lord yet revealed to him.)
8And the Lord called Samuel again the third time. So he arose and went to Eli, and said, “Here I am, for you did call me.” Then Eli perceived that the Lord had called the boy.
9Therefore Eli said to Samuel, “Go, lie down; and it shall be, if He calls you, that you must say, ‘Speak, Lord, for Your servant hears.’ ” So Samuel went and lay down in his place.
10Now the Lord came and stood and called as at other times, “Samuel! Samuel!” And Samuel answered, “Speak, for Your servant hears.”
11Then the Lord said to Samuel: “Behold, I will do something in Israel at which both ears of everyone who hears it will tingle.
12In that day I will perform against Eli all that I have spoken concerning his house, from beginning to end.
13For I have told him that I will judge his house forever for the iniquity which he knows, because his sons made themselves vile, and he did not restrain them.
14And therefore I have sworn to the house of Eli that the iniquity of Eli’s house shall not be atoned for by sacrifice or offering forever.”
15So Samuel lay down until morning, and opened the doors of the house of the Lord. And Samuel was afraid to tell Eli the vision.
16Then Eli called Samuel and said, “Samuel, my son!” He answered, “Here I am.”
17And he said, “What is the word that the Lord spoke to you? Please do not hide it from me. God do so to you, and more also, if you hide anything from me of all the things that He said to you.”
18Then Samuel told him everything, and hid nothing from him. And he said, “It is the Lord. Let Him do what seems good to Him.”
19So Samuel grew, and the Lord was with him and let none of his words fall to the ground.
20And all Israel from Dan to Beersheba knew that Samuel had been established as a prophet of the Lord.
21Then the Lord appeared again in Shiloh. For the Lord revealed Himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the word of the Lord.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 3.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The word of the Lord first revealed to Samuel. (1–10). God tells Samuel the destruction of Eli's house. (11–18). Samuel established to be a prophet. (19–21).
vv1-10
The call which Divine grace designs shall be made effectual; will be repeated till it is so, till we come to the call. Eli, perceiving that it was the voice of God that Samuel heard, instructed him what to say. Though it was a disgrace to Eli, for God's call to be directed to Samuel, yet he told him how to meet it. Thus the elder should do their utmost to assist and improve the younger that are rising up. Let us never fail to teach those who are coming after us, even such as will soon be preferred before us, Joh 1:30. Good words should be put into children's mouths betimes, by which they may be prepared to learn Divine things, and be trained up to regard them.
vv11-18
What a great deal of guilt and corruption is there in us, concerning which we may say, It is the iniquity which our own heart knoweth; we are conscious to ourselves of it! Those who do not restrain the sins of others, when it is in their power to do it, make themselves partakers of the guilt, and will be charged as joining in it. In his remarkable answer to this awful sentence, Eli acknowledged that the Lord had a right to do as he saw good, being assured that he would do nothing wrong. The meekness, patience, and humility contained in those words, show that he was truly repentant; he accepted the punishment of his sin.
vv19-21
All increase in wisdom and grace, is owing to the presence of God with us. God will graciously repeat his visits to those who receive them aright. Early piety will be the greatest honour of young people. Those who honour God he will honour. Let young people consider the piety of Samuel, and from him they will learn to remember their Creator in the days of their youth. Young children are capable of religion. Samuel is a proof that their waiting upon the Lord will be pleasing to him. He is a pattern of all those amiable tempers, which are the brightest ornament of youth, and a sure source of happiness.
Key Words
נַעַר: (concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latitude in age)
שְׁמוּאֵל: Shemuel, the name of three Israelites
שָׁרַת: to attend as a menial or worshipper; figuratively, to contribute to
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
עֵלִי: Eli, an Israelite highpriest
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
יָקָר: valuable (objectively or subjectively)
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
פָּרַץ: to break out (in many applications, direct and indirect, literal and figurative)
חָזוֹן: a sight (mentally), i.e. a dream, revelation, or oracle
Cross References
1 Samuel 3Direct reference to the previously announced prophetic judgment against Eli's priestly house.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Prescribes the burning of the sanctuary lamps until morning, establishing the night-to-morning timeframe.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Contrast between Samuel's ignorance of divine revelation and the sons of Eli who 'knew not the Lord'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel description of a famine of hearing the words of the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The severe warning of judgment that makes the ears of everyone who hears it tingle.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The fulfillment of the threatened doom against Eli's house on the day of the battle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Details Eli's weak admonition of his sons, failing to properly restrain their wicked behavior.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Echoes the language of none of God's promised words 'falling to the ground' without fulfillment.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Mandates the continuous evening-to-morning burning of the golden candlestick in the Tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Another instance where catastrophic national judgment on Israel causes the hearer's ears to tingle.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Eli's quiet, submissive resignation to the severe, sovereign decree of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Describes the spiritual danger and lawlessness that occur when there is 'no open vision'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the physical dimness of Eli's eyes in old age with Isaac's declining sight.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Samuel as the landmark prophet who inaugurated the era of open prophetic succession.
Supported by Matthew Henry