1 Samuel3
New American Standard
1Now the boy Samuel was attending to the service of the Lord before Eli. And word from the Lord was rare in those days; visions were infrequent.
2But it happened at that time as Eli was lying down in his place (now his eyesight had begun to be poor and he could not see well),
3and the lamp of God had not yet gone out, and Samuel was lying down in the temple of the Lord where the ark of God was,
4that the Lord called Samuel; and he said, “Here I am.”
5Then he ran to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” But he said, “I did not call, go back and lie down.” So he went and lay down.
6And the Lord called yet again, “Samuel!” So Samuel got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” But he said, “I did not call, my son, go back and lie down.”
7Now Samuel did not yet know the Lord, nor had the word of the Lord yet been revealed to him.
8So the Lord called Samuel again for the third time. And he got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” Then Eli realized that the Lord was calling the boy.
9And Eli said to Samuel, “Go lie down, and it shall be if He calls you, that you shall say, ‘Speak, Lord, for Your servant is listening.’” So Samuel went and lay down in his place.
10Then the Lord came and stood, and called as at the other times: “Samuel! Samuel!” And Samuel said, “Speak, for Your servant is listening.”
11Then the Lord said to Samuel, “Behold, I am going to do a thing in Israel, and both ears of everyone who hears about it will ring.
12On that day I will carry out against Eli everything that I have spoken in regard to his house, from beginning to end.
13For I have told him that I am going to judge his house forever for the wrongdoing that he knew, because his sons were bringing a curse on themselves and he did not rebuke them.
14Therefore I have sworn to the house of Eli that the wrongdoing of Eli’s house shall never be atoned for by sacrifice or offering.”
15So Samuel lay down until morning. Then he opened the doors of the house of the Lord. But Samuel was afraid to tell the vision to Eli.
16Then Eli called Samuel and said, “Samuel, my son.” And he said, “Here I am.”
17He said, “What is the word that He spoke to you? Please do not hide it from me. May God do the same to you, and more so, if you hide a single word from me of all the words that He spoke to you!”
18So Samuel told him everything and hid nothing from him. And he said, “He is the Lord; let Him do what seems good to Him.”
19Now Samuel grew, and the Lord was with him, and He let none of his words fail.
20And all Israel from Dan even to Beersheba knew that Samuel was confirmed as a prophet of the Lord.
21And the Lord appeared again at Shiloh, because the Lord revealed Himself to Samuel at Shiloh by the word of the Lord.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 3.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The word of the Lord first revealed to Samuel. (1–10). God tells Samuel the destruction of Eli's house. (11–18). Samuel established to be a prophet. (19–21).
vv1-10
The call which Divine grace designs shall be made effectual; will be repeated till it is so, till we come to the call. Eli, perceiving that it was the voice of God that Samuel heard, instructed him what to say. Though it was a disgrace to Eli, for God's call to be directed to Samuel, yet he told him how to meet it. Thus the elder should do their utmost to assist and improve the younger that are rising up. Let us never fail to teach those who are coming after us, even such as will soon be preferred before us, Joh 1:30. Good words should be put into children's mouths betimes, by which they may be prepared to learn Divine things, and be trained up to regard them.
vv11-18
What a great deal of guilt and corruption is there in us, concerning which we may say, It is the iniquity which our own heart knoweth; we are conscious to ourselves of it! Those who do not restrain the sins of others, when it is in their power to do it, make themselves partakers of the guilt, and will be charged as joining in it. In his remarkable answer to this awful sentence, Eli acknowledged that the Lord had a right to do as he saw good, being assured that he would do nothing wrong. The meekness, patience, and humility contained in those words, show that he was truly repentant; he accepted the punishment of his sin.
vv19-21
All increase in wisdom and grace, is owing to the presence of God with us. God will graciously repeat his visits to those who receive them aright. Early piety will be the greatest honour of young people. Those who honour God he will honour. Let young people consider the piety of Samuel, and from him they will learn to remember their Creator in the days of their youth. Young children are capable of religion. Samuel is a proof that their waiting upon the Lord will be pleasing to him. He is a pattern of all those amiable tempers, which are the brightest ornament of youth, and a sure source of happiness.
Key Words
נַעַר: (concretely) a boy (as active), from the age of infancy to adolescence; by implication, a servant; also (by interch. of sex), a girl (of similar latitude in age)
שְׁמוּאֵל: Shemuel, the name of three Israelites
שָׁרַת: to attend as a menial or worshipper; figuratively, to contribute to
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
עֵלִי: Eli, an Israelite highpriest
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
יָקָר: valuable (objectively or subjectively)
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
פָּרַץ: to break out (in many applications, direct and indirect, literal and figurative)
חָזוֹן: a sight (mentally), i.e. a dream, revelation, or oracle
Cross References
1 Samuel 3Direct reference to the previously announced prophetic judgment against Eli's priestly house.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Prescribes the burning of the sanctuary lamps until morning, establishing the night-to-morning timeframe.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Contrast between Samuel's ignorance of divine revelation and the sons of Eli who 'knew not the Lord'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel description of a famine of hearing the words of the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The severe warning of judgment that makes the ears of everyone who hears it tingle.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The fulfillment of the threatened doom against Eli's house on the day of the battle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Details Eli's weak admonition of his sons, failing to properly restrain their wicked behavior.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Echoes the language of none of God's promised words 'falling to the ground' without fulfillment.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Mandates the continuous evening-to-morning burning of the golden candlestick in the Tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Another instance where catastrophic national judgment on Israel causes the hearer's ears to tingle.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Eli's quiet, submissive resignation to the severe, sovereign decree of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Describes the spiritual danger and lawlessness that occur when there is 'no open vision'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the physical dimness of Eli's eyes in old age with Isaac's declining sight.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Samuel as the landmark prophet who inaugurated the era of open prophetic succession.
Supported by Matthew Henry