Genesis27
New International Version
1When Isaac was old and his eyes were so weak that he could no longer see, he called for Esau his older son and said to him, “My son.” “Here I am,” he answered.
2Isaac said, “I am now an old man and don’t know the day of my death.
3Now then, get your equipment—your quiver and bow—and go out to the open country to hunt some wild game for me.
4Prepare me the kind of tasty food I like and bring it to me to eat, so that I may give you my blessing before I die.”
5Now Rebekah was listening as Isaac spoke to his son Esau. When Esau left for the open country to hunt game and bring it back,
6Rebekah said to her son Jacob, “Look, I overheard your father say to your brother Esau,
7‘Bring me some game and prepare me some tasty food to eat, so that I may give you my blessing in the presence of the Lord before I die.’
8Now, my son, listen carefully and do what I tell you:
9Go out to the flock and bring me two choice young goats, so I can prepare some tasty food for your father, just the way he likes it.
10Then take it to your father to eat, so that he may give you his blessing before he dies.”
11Jacob said to Rebekah his mother, “But my brother Esau is a hairy man while I have smooth skin.
12What if my father touches me? I would appear to be tricking him and would bring down a curse on myself rather than a blessing.”
13His mother said to him, “My son, let the curse fall on me. Just do what I say; go and get them for me.”
14So he went and got them and brought them to his mother, and she prepared some tasty food, just the way his father liked it.
15Then Rebekah took the best clothes of Esau her older son, which she had in the house, and put them on her younger son Jacob.
16She also covered his hands and the smooth part of his neck with the goatskins.
17Then she handed to her son Jacob the tasty food and the bread she had made.
18He went to his father and said, “My father.” “Yes, my son,” he answered. “Who is it?”
19Jacob said to his father, “I am Esau your firstborn. I have done as you told me. Please sit up and eat some of my game, so that you may give me your blessing.”
20Isaac asked his son, “How did you find it so quickly, my son?” “The Lord your God gave me success,” he replied.
21Then Isaac said to Jacob, “Come near so I can touch you, my son, to know whether you really are my son Esau or not.”
22Jacob went close to his father Isaac, who touched him and said, “The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau.”
23He did not recognize him, for his hands were hairy like those of his brother Esau; so he proceeded to bless him.
24“Are you really my son Esau?” he asked. “I am,” he replied.
25Then he said, “My son, bring me some of your game to eat, so that I may give you my blessing.” Jacob brought it to him and he ate; and he brought some wine and he drank.
26Then his father Isaac said to him, “Come here, my son, and kiss me.”
27So he went to him and kissed him. When Isaac caught the smell of his clothes, he blessed him and said, “Ah, the smell of my son is like the smell of a field that the Lord has blessed.
28May God give you heaven’s dew and earth’s richness— an abundance of grain and new wine.
29May nations serve you and peoples bow down to you. Be lord over your brothers, and may the sons of your mother bow down to you. May those who curse you be cursed and those who bless you be blessed.”
30After Isaac finished blessing him, and Jacob had scarcely left his father’s presence, his brother Esau came in from hunting.
31He too prepared some tasty food and brought it to his father. Then he said to him, “My father, please sit up and eat some of my game, so that you may give me your blessing.”
32His father Isaac asked him, “Who are you?” “I am your son,” he answered, “your firstborn, Esau.”
33Isaac trembled violently and said, “Who was it, then, that hunted game and brought it to me? I ate it just before you came and I blessed him—and indeed he will be blessed!”
34When Esau heard his father’s words, he burst out with a loud and bitter cry and said to his father, “Bless me—me too, my father!”
35But he said, “Your brother came deceitfully and took your blessing.”
36Esau said, “Isn’t he rightly named Jacob? This is the second time he has taken advantage of me: He took my birthright, and now he’s taken my blessing!” Then he asked, “Haven’t you reserved any blessing for me?”
37Isaac answered Esau, “I have made him lord over you and have made all his relatives his servants, and I have sustained him with grain and new wine. So what can I possibly do for you, my son?”
38Esau said to his father, “Do you have only one blessing, my father? Bless me too, my father!” Then Esau wept aloud.
39His father Isaac answered him, “Your dwelling will be away from the earth’s richness, away from the dew of heaven above.
40You will live by the sword and you will serve your brother. But when you grow restless, you will throw his yoke from off your neck.”
41Esau held a grudge against Jacob because of the blessing his father had given him. He said to himself, “The days of mourning for my father are near; then I will kill my brother Jacob.”
42When Rebekah was told what her older son Esau had said, she sent for her younger son Jacob and said to him, “Your brother Esau is planning to avenge himself by killing you.
43Now then, my son, do what I say: Flee at once to my brother Laban in Harran.
44Stay with him for a while until your brother’s fury subsides.
45When your brother is no longer angry with you and forgets what you did to him, I’ll send word for you to come back from there. Why should I lose both of you in one day?”
46Then Rebekah said to Isaac, “I’m disgusted with living because of these Hittite women. If Jacob takes a wife from among the women of this land, from Hittite women like these, my life will not be worth living.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 27.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Isaac sends Esau for venison. (1–5). Rebekah teaches Jacob to obtain the blessing. (6–17). Jacob, pretending to be Esau, obtains the blessing. (18–29). Isaac's fear, Esau's importunity. (30–40). Esau threatens Jacob's life, Rebekah sends Jacob away. (41–46).
vv1-5
The promises of the Messiah, and of the land of Canaan, had come down to Isaac. Isaac being now about 135 years of age, and his sons about 75, and not duly considering the Divine word concerning his two sons, that the elder should serve the younger, resolved to put all the honour and power that were in the promise, upon Esau his eldest son. We are very apt to take measures rather from our own reason than from Divine revelation, and thereby often miss our way.
vv6-17
Rebekah knew that the blessing was intended for Jacob, and expected he would have it. But she wronged Isaac by putting a cheat on him; she wronged Jacob by tempting him to wickedness. She put a stumbling-block in Esau's way, and gave him a pretext for hatred to Jacob and to religion. All were to be blamed. It was one of those crooked measures often adopted to further the Divine promises; as if the end would justify, or excuse wrong means. Thus many have acted wrong, under the idea of being useful in promoting the cause of Christ. The answer to all such things is that which God addressed to Abraham, I am God Almighty; walk before me and be thou perfect. And it was a very rash speech of Rebekah, “Upon me be thy curse, my son.” Christ has borne the curse of the law for all who take upon them the yoke of the command, the command of the gospel. But it is too daring for any creature to say, Upon me be thy curse.
vv18-29
Jacob, with some difficulty, gained his point, and got the blessing. This blessing is in very general terms. No mention is made of the distinguishing mercies in the covenant with Abraham. This might be owing to Isaac having Esau in his mind, though it was Jacob who was before him. He could not be ignorant how Esau had despised the best things. Moreover, his attachment to Esau, so as to disregard the mind of God, must have greatly weakened his own faith in these things. It might therefore be expected, that leanness would attend his blessing, agreeing with the state of his mind.
Key Words
הָיָה: to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
יִצְחָק: Jitschak (or Isaac), son of Abraham
זָקֵן: to be old
עַיִן: an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
כָּהָה: to be weak, i.e. (figuratively) to despond (causatively, rebuke), or (of light, the eye) to grow dull
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
קָרָא: to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
עֵשָׂו: Esav, a son of Isaac, including his posterity
גָּדוֹל: great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
Cross References
Genesis 27The divine oracle that the elder should serve the younger, which Isaac disregarded or forgot.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament commentary confirming Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning things to come by faith.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Fulfills the original oracle that the elder shall serve the younger.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Warns of Esau's rejected, tearful plea for the blessing after despising his birthright.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The NT commentary stating that by faith Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning things to come.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Deuteronomy pronounces a curse on anyone who makes the blind wander out of their way.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul cites the divine choice of Jacob over Esau prior to their birth.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Esau previously swore away his birthright to Jacob, confirming Jacob's name as supplanter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The prototypical sibling murder plot; Esau follows Cain's way in hating his brother over God's blessing.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Rebekah's grief over the daughters of Heth stems from Esau's prior marriages to them.
Supported by JFB
It is not of him that willeth (Isaac) or runneth (Esau hunting), but of God's mercy.
Supported by Matthew Henry
A curse is pronounced upon the deceiver who attempts to offer a corrupt thing to God.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Historical fulfillment where David puts garrisons in Edom and Edomites become servants.
Supported by JFB
Transfers Abraham's covenant promise—blessing those who bless him and cursing those who curse him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
New Testament warning identifying Esau as a profane person who sold his birthright.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Records Edom's revolt from under the hand of Judah, breaking the brotherly yoke.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic description of Edom's (Esau's descendants) perpetual violence and hatred against Jacob's descendants.
Edom is condemned because he did pursue his brother with the sword and cast off all pity.
Hosea explicitly summarizes how Jacob fled into the country of Syria to escape Esau.
Cursed is he who does the work of the Lord deceitfully or negligently.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Similar phrasing of bearing another's guilt: 'Upon me... be the iniquity, and my father's house guiltless.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Refers to Jacob's initial fear of being felt by his father and cursed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Echoes the comparison of a blessed field receiving rain from God.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallels the blessing of dew and agricultural abundance promised to Joseph's land.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic parallel of the bowing down of brethren and dominion given to Judah.
Supported by JFB
Joseph's brothers fear he will cherish hatred and avenge himself after their father's death, like Esau.
Illustrates the maternal dread of being bereaved of both sons in a single day through blood vengeance.
The immediate outcome: Isaac commands Jacob not to take a wife of the Canaanites.
Parallel where Ahijah's eyes were set by reason of his age, making him vulnerable to disguise.
Establishes Isaac's carnal preference for Esau's venison, which set this entire conflict in motion.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The execution of Rebekah's plan using goat skins to deceive Isaac's touch.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Parallels Ishmael's prediction of a wild, sword-reliant nomadic lifestyle.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates the formal period and custom of mourning for a father, which Esau anticipated before acting.
A brother offended is harder to be won than a strong city; their contentions are like bars.
The ancestral precedent: Abraham made his servant swear not to take a Canaanite wife for Isaac.
Do not boast of tomorrow, for you do not know what a day may bring forth.