Proverbs18
New International Version
1 An unfriendly person pursues selfish ends and against all sound judgment starts quarrels.
2 Fools find no pleasure in understanding but delight in airing their own opinions.
3 When wickedness comes, so does contempt, and with shame comes reproach.
4 The words of the mouth are deep waters, but the fountain of wisdom is a rushing stream.
5 It is not good to be partial to the wicked and so deprive the innocent of justice.
6 The lips of fools bring them strife, and their mouths invite a beating.
7 The mouths of fools are their undoing, and their lips are a snare to their very lives.
8 The words of a gossip are like choice morsels; they go down to the inmost parts.
9 One who is slack in his work is brother to one who destroys.
10 The name of the Lord is a fortified tower; the righteous run to it and are safe.
11 The wealth of the rich is their fortified city; they imagine it a wall too high to scale.
12 Before a downfall the heart is haughty, but humility comes before honor.
13 To answer before listening— that is folly and shame.
14 The human spirit can endure in sickness, but a crushed spirit who can bear?
15 The heart of the discerning acquires knowledge, for the ears of the wise seek it out.
16 A gift opens the way and ushers the giver into the presence of the great.
17 In a lawsuit the first to speak seems right, until someone comes forward and cross-examines.
18 Casting the lot settles disputes and keeps strong opponents apart.
19 A brother wronged is more unyielding than a fortified city; disputes are like the barred gates of a citadel.
20 From the fruit of their mouth a person’s stomach is filled; with the harvest of their lips they are satisfied.
21 The tongue has the power of life and death, and those who love it will eat its fruit.
22 He who finds a wife finds what is good and receives favor from the Lord.
23 The poor plead for mercy, but the rich answer harshly.
24 One who has unreliable friends soon comes to ruin, but there is a friend who sticks closer than a brother.
Study
Proverbs 18Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 18. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
v1
If we would get knowledge and grace, we must try all methods of improving ourselves.
v2
Those make nothing to purpose, of learning or religion, whose only design is to have something to make a show with.
v3
As soon as sin entered, shame followed.
Key Words
פָּרַד: to break through, i.e. spread or separate (oneself)
בָּקַשׁ: to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
תַּאֲוָה: a longing; by implication, a delight (subjectively, satisfaction, objectively, a charm)
גָּלַע: to be obstinate
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
תּוּשִׁיָּה: support or (by implication) ability, i.e. (direct) help, (in purpose) an undertaking, (intellectual) understanding
כְּסִיל: properly, fat, i.e. (figuratively) stupid or silly
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
חָפֵץ: properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire
תָּבוּן: intelligence; by implication, an argument; by extension, caprice
Cross References
Proverbs 18Direct parallel contrasting the rich man's wealth with the true security of the Lord's name.
Supported by JFB
Direct textual parallel stating that humility goes before honor.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels finding a wife as a prudent gift and favor from the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jesus as the ultimate Friend who sticketh closer than a brother.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct thematic connection on the foolish beginning and rushing into contention.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the fool's lack of heart/delight for wisdom with external shows.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the piercing wounds of a talebearer's rash words.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the character of a whisperer/talebearer who separates chief friends.
Supported by JFB
Echoes the imagery of the Lord as a strong tower, fortress, and high tower.
Supported by JFB
Parallel structure matching pride/haughtiness with impending destruction and fall.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Exposes the proud singular person's tendency to meddle and contend.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the injustice of punishing the just or overthrowing the righteous.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Condemns accepting the persons of the wicked in judgment.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the practice and social power of giving gifts to influence others.
Supported by JFB
Parallels being satisfied with the fruit of one's mouth.
Supported by JFB