Proverbs20
New International Version
1Wine is a mocker and beer a brawler; whoever is led astray by them is not wise.
2A king’s wrath strikes terror like the roar of a lion; those who anger him forfeit their lives.
3It is to one’s honor to avoid strife, but every fool is quick to quarrel.
4Sluggards do not plow in season; so at harvest time they look but find nothing.
5The purposes of a person’s heart are deep waters, but one who has insight draws them out.
6Many claim to have unfailing love, but a faithful person who can find?
7The righteous lead blameless lives; blessed are their children after them.
8When a king sits on his throne to judge, he winnows out all evil with his eyes.
9Who can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am clean and without sin”?
10Differing weights and differing measures— the Lord detests them both.
11Even small children are known by their actions, so is their conduct really pure and upright?
12Ears that hear and eyes that see— the Lord has made them both.
13Do not love sleep or you will grow poor; stay awake and you will have food to spare.
14“It’s no good, it’s no good!” says the buyer— then goes off and boasts about the purchase.
15Gold there is, and rubies in abundance, but lips that speak knowledge are a rare jewel.
16Take the garment of one who puts up security for a stranger; hold it in pledge if it is done for an outsider.
17Food gained by fraud tastes sweet, but one ends up with a mouth full of gravel.
18Plans are established by seeking advice; so if you wage war, obtain guidance.
19A gossip betrays a confidence; so avoid anyone who talks too much.
20If someone curses their father or mother, their lamp will be snuffed out in pitch darkness.
21An inheritance claimed too soon will not be blessed at the end.
22Do not say, “I’ll pay you back for this wrong!” Wait for the Lord, and he will avenge you.
23The Lord detests differing weights, and dishonest scales do not please him.
24A person’s steps are directed by the Lord. How then can anyone understand their own way?
25It is a trap to dedicate something rashly and only later to consider one’s vows.
26A wise king winnows out the wicked; he drives the threshing wheel over them.
27The human spirit is the lamp of the Lord that sheds light on one’s inmost being.
28Love and faithfulness keep a king safe; through love his throne is made secure.
29The glory of young men is their strength, gray hair the splendor of the old.
30Blows and wounds scrub away evil, and beatings purge the inmost being.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 20.
v1
It seems hard to believe that men of the greatest abilities, as well as the ignorant, should render themselves fools and madmen, merely for the taste or excitement produced by strong liquors.
v2
How formidable kings are to those who provoke them! how much more foolish then is it to provoke the King of kings!
v3
To engage in quarrels is the greatest folly that can be. Yield, and even give up just demands, for peace’ sake.
Key Words
יַיִן: wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
לוּץ: properly, to make mouths at, i.e. to scoff; hence (from the effort to pronounce a foreign language) to interpret, or (generally) intercede
שֵׁכָר: an intoxicant, i.e. intensely alcoholic liquor
הָמָה: to make a loud sound (like English 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
שָׁגָה: to stray (causatively, mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgress; by extension (through the idea of intoxication) to reel, (figuratively) be enraptured
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
חָכַם: to be wise (in mind, word or act)
אֵימָה: fright; concrete, an idol (as a bugbear)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
נַהַם: a snarl
Cross References
Proverbs 20Direct parallel comparing the terror of the king's wrath to the roaring of a lion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbally and thematically connects the folly of meddling to the beginning of strife.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic link illustrating how wine makes mockers of kings and leads them astray.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the rhetorical question emphasizing that no man can claim absolute purity of heart.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Confirms the universal human struggle with sin; no man is perfectly clean.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Connects God's creation of the eye and ear to His absolute, omniscient perception.
Supported by JFB
Identical proverbial warning concerning the extreme danger of rash suretiship.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts a faithful man's blessing with the unblessed end of a hasty inheritance.
Supported by JFB
New Testament parallel explaining how man's spirit knows and searches his own depths.
Supported by JFB
Highlights mercy and truth as foundational virtues that preserve life and authority.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the gray head of old age as a crown of glory and beauty.
Supported by JFB
Verbal link showing that false balances and diverse weights are an abomination.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the principle that a person's character is known by their fruit or actions.
Supported by JFB
Emphasizes that plans are established and succeed through wise counsel and advisors.
Supported by JFB
Echoes the prohibition of self-recompense, commanding believers to wait on the Lord's justice.
Supported by JFB