Proverbs20
New Living Translation
1Wine produces mockers; alcohol leads to brawls. Those led astray by drink cannot be wise.
2The king’s fury is like a lion’s roar; to rouse his anger is to risk your life.
3Avoiding a fight is a mark of honor; only fools insist on quarreling.
4Those too lazy to plow in the right season will have no food at the harvest.
5Though good advice lies deep within the heart, a person with understanding will draw it out.
6Many will say they are loyal friends, but who can find one who is truly reliable?
7The godly walk with integrity; blessed are their children who follow them.
8When a king sits in judgment, he weighs all the evidence, distinguishing the bad from the good.
9Who can say, “I have cleansed my heart; I am pure and free from sin”?
10False weights and unequal measures— the Lord detests double standards of every kind.
11Even children are known by the way they act, whether their conduct is pure, and whether it is right.
12Ears to hear and eyes to see— both are gifts from the Lord.
13If you love sleep, you will end in poverty. Keep your eyes open, and there will be plenty to eat!
14The buyer haggles over the price, saying, “It’s worthless,” then brags about getting a bargain!
15Wise words are more valuable than much gold and many rubies.
16Get security from someone who guarantees a stranger’s debt. Get a deposit if he does it for foreigners.
17Stolen bread tastes sweet, but it turns to gravel in the mouth.
18Plans succeed through good counsel; don’t go to war without wise advice.
19A gossip goes around telling secrets, so don’t hang around with chatterers.
20If you insult your father or mother, your light will be snuffed out in total darkness.
21An inheritance obtained too early in life is not a blessing in the end.
22Don’t say, “I will get even for this wrong.” Wait for the Lord to handle the matter.
23The Lord detests double standards; he is not pleased by dishonest scales.
24The Lord directs our steps, so why try to understand everything along the way?
25Don’t trap yourself by making a rash promise to God and only later counting the cost.
26A wise king scatters the wicked like wheat, then runs his threshing wheel over them.
27The Lord’s light penetrates the human spirit, exposing every hidden motive.
28Unfailing love and faithfulness protect the king; his throne is made secure through love.
29The glory of the young is their strength; the gray hair of experience is the splendor of the old.
30Physical punishment cleanses away evil; such discipline purifies the heart.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 20.
v1
It seems hard to believe that men of the greatest abilities, as well as the ignorant, should render themselves fools and madmen, merely for the taste or excitement produced by strong liquors.
v2
How formidable kings are to those who provoke them! how much more foolish then is it to provoke the King of kings!
v3
To engage in quarrels is the greatest folly that can be. Yield, and even give up just demands, for peace’ sake.
Key Words
יַיִן: wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
לוּץ: properly, to make mouths at, i.e. to scoff; hence (from the effort to pronounce a foreign language) to interpret, or (generally) intercede
שֵׁכָר: an intoxicant, i.e. intensely alcoholic liquor
הָמָה: to make a loud sound (like English 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
שָׁגָה: to stray (causatively, mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgress; by extension (through the idea of intoxication) to reel, (figuratively) be enraptured
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
חָכַם: to be wise (in mind, word or act)
אֵימָה: fright; concrete, an idol (as a bugbear)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
נַהַם: a snarl
Cross References
Proverbs 20Direct parallel comparing the terror of the king's wrath to the roaring of a lion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbally and thematically connects the folly of meddling to the beginning of strife.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic link illustrating how wine makes mockers of kings and leads them astray.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the rhetorical question emphasizing that no man can claim absolute purity of heart.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Confirms the universal human struggle with sin; no man is perfectly clean.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Connects God's creation of the eye and ear to His absolute, omniscient perception.
Supported by JFB
Identical proverbial warning concerning the extreme danger of rash suretiship.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts a faithful man's blessing with the unblessed end of a hasty inheritance.
Supported by JFB
New Testament parallel explaining how man's spirit knows and searches his own depths.
Supported by JFB
Highlights mercy and truth as foundational virtues that preserve life and authority.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the gray head of old age as a crown of glory and beauty.
Supported by JFB
Verbal link showing that false balances and diverse weights are an abomination.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the principle that a person's character is known by their fruit or actions.
Supported by JFB
Emphasizes that plans are established and succeed through wise counsel and advisors.
Supported by JFB
Echoes the prohibition of self-recompense, commanding believers to wait on the Lord's justice.
Supported by JFB