Proverbs20
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Wine is a mocker and beer is a brawler. Whoever is led astray by them is not wise.
2The terror of a king is like the roaring of a lion. He who provokes him to anger forfeits his own life.
3It is an honor for a man to keep aloof from strife, but every fool will be quarreling.
4The sluggard will not plow by reason of the winter; therefore he shall beg in harvest, and have nothing.
5Counsel in the heart of man is like deep water, but a man of understanding will draw it out.
6Many men claim to be men of unfailing love, but who can find a faithful man?
7A righteous man walks in integrity. Blessed are his children after him.
8A king who sits on the throne of judgment scatters away all evil with his eyes.
9Who can say, “I have made my heart pure. I am clean and without sin”?
10Differing weights and differing measures, both of them alike are an abomination to Yahweh.
11Even a child makes himself known by his doings, whether his work is pure, and whether it is right.
12The hearing ear, and the seeing eye, Yahweh has made even both of them.
13Don’t love sleep, lest you come to poverty. Open your eyes, and you shall be satisfied with bread.
14“It’s no good, it’s no good,” says the buyer; but when he is gone his way, then he boasts.
15There is gold and abundance of rubies, but the lips of knowledge are a rare jewel.
16Take the garment of one who puts up collateral for a stranger; and hold him in pledge for a wayward woman.
17Fraudulent food is sweet to a man, but afterwards his mouth is filled with gravel.
18Plans are established by advice; by wise guidance you wage war!
19He who goes about as a tale-bearer reveals secrets; therefore don’t keep company with him who opens wide his lips.
20Whoever curses his father or his mother, his lamp shall be put out in blackness of darkness.
21An inheritance quickly gained at the beginning won’t be blessed in the end.
22Don’t say, “I will pay back evil.” Wait for Yahweh, and he will save you.
23Yahweh detests differing weights, and dishonest scales are not pleasing.
24A man’s steps are from Yahweh; how then can man understand his way?
25It is a snare to a man to make a rash dedication, then later to consider his vows.
26A wise king winnows out the wicked, and drives the threshing wheel over them.
27The spirit of man is Yahweh’s lamp, searching all his innermost parts.
28Love and faithfulness keep the king safe. His throne is sustained by love.
29The glory of young men is their strength. The splendor of old men is their gray hair.
30Wounding blows cleanse away evil, and beatings purge the innermost parts.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 20.
v1
It seems hard to believe that men of the greatest abilities, as well as the ignorant, should render themselves fools and madmen, merely for the taste or excitement produced by strong liquors.
v2
How formidable kings are to those who provoke them! how much more foolish then is it to provoke the King of kings!
v3
To engage in quarrels is the greatest folly that can be. Yield, and even give up just demands, for peace’ sake.
Key Words
יַיִן: wine (as fermented); by implication, intoxication
לוּץ: properly, to make mouths at, i.e. to scoff; hence (from the effort to pronounce a foreign language) to interpret, or (generally) intercede
שֵׁכָר: an intoxicant, i.e. intensely alcoholic liquor
הָמָה: to make a loud sound (like English 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
שָׁגָה: to stray (causatively, mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgress; by extension (through the idea of intoxication) to reel, (figuratively) be enraptured
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
חָכַם: to be wise (in mind, word or act)
אֵימָה: fright; concrete, an idol (as a bugbear)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
נַהַם: a snarl
Cross References
Proverbs 20Direct parallel comparing the terror of the king's wrath to the roaring of a lion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbally and thematically connects the folly of meddling to the beginning of strife.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic link illustrating how wine makes mockers of kings and leads them astray.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the rhetorical question emphasizing that no man can claim absolute purity of heart.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Confirms the universal human struggle with sin; no man is perfectly clean.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Connects God's creation of the eye and ear to His absolute, omniscient perception.
Supported by JFB
Identical proverbial warning concerning the extreme danger of rash suretiship.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts a faithful man's blessing with the unblessed end of a hasty inheritance.
Supported by JFB
New Testament parallel explaining how man's spirit knows and searches his own depths.
Supported by JFB
Highlights mercy and truth as foundational virtues that preserve life and authority.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the gray head of old age as a crown of glory and beauty.
Supported by JFB
Verbal link showing that false balances and diverse weights are an abomination.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the principle that a person's character is known by their fruit or actions.
Supported by JFB
Emphasizes that plans are established and succeed through wise counsel and advisors.
Supported by JFB
Echoes the prohibition of self-recompense, commanding believers to wait on the Lord's justice.
Supported by JFB