2 Kings21
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty-five years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Hephzibah.
2He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, after the abominations of the nations whom Yahweh cast out before the children of Israel.
3For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had destroyed; and he raised up altars for Baal, and made an Asherah, as Ahab king of Israel did, and worshiped all the army of the sky, and served them.
4He built altars in Yahweh’s house, of which Yahweh said, “I will put my name in Jerusalem.”
5He built altars for all the army of the sky in the two courts of Yahweh’s house.
6He made his son to pass through the fire, practiced sorcery, used enchantments, and dealt with those who had familiar spirits and with wizards. He did much evil in Yahweh’s sight, to provoke him to anger.
7He set the engraved image of Asherah that he had made in the house of which Yahweh said to David and to Solomon his son, “In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will put my name forever;
8I will not cause the feet of Israel to wander any more out of the land which I gave their fathers, if only they will observe to do according to all that I have commanded them, and according to all the law that my servant Moses commanded them.”
9But they didn’t listen, and Manasseh seduced them to do that which is evil more than the nations did whom Yahweh destroyed before the children of Israel.
10Yahweh spoke by his servants the prophets, saying,
11“Because Manasseh king of Judah has done these abominations, and has done wickedly above all that the Amorites did, who were before him, and has also made Judah to sin with his idols;
12therefore Yahweh the God of Israel says, ‘Behold, I will bring such evil on Jerusalem and Judah that whoever hears of it, both his ears will tingle.
13I will stretch over Jerusalem the line of Samaria, and the plumb line of Ahab’s house; and I will wipe Jerusalem as a man wipes a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down.
14I will cast off the remnant of my inheritance and deliver them into the hands of their enemies. They will become a prey and a plunder to all their enemies,
15because they have done that which is evil in my sight, and have provoked me to anger since the day their fathers came out of Egypt, even to this day.’”
16Moreover Manasseh shed innocent blood very much, until he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another; in addition to his sin with which he made Judah to sin, in doing that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight.
17Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and all that he did, and his sin that he sinned, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
18Manasseh slept with his fathers, and was buried in the garden of his own house, in the garden of Uzza; and Amon his son reigned in his place.
19Amon was twenty-two years old when he began to reign; and he reigned two years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Meshullemeth the daughter of Haruz of Jotbah.
20He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, as Manasseh his father did.
21He walked in all the ways that his father walked in, and served the idols that his father served, and worshiped them;
22and he abandoned Yahweh, the God of his fathers, and didn’t walk in the way of Yahweh.
23The servants of Amon conspired against him, and put the king to death in his own house.
24But the people of the land killed all those who had conspired against King Amon; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his place.
25Now the rest of the acts of Amon which he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
26He was buried in his tomb in the garden of Uzza, and Josiah his son reigned in his place.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Wicked reign of Manasseh. (1–9). The prophetic denunciations against Judah. (10–18). Wicked reign and death of Amon. (19–26).
vv1-9
Young persons generally desire to become their own masters, and to have early possession of riches and power. But this, for the most part, ruins their future comfort, and causes mischief to others. It is much happier when young persons are sheltered under the care of parents or guardians, till age gives experience and discretion. Though such young persons are less indulged, they will afterwards be thankful. Manasseh wrought much wickedness in the sight of the Lord, as if on purpose to provoke him to anger; he did more evil than the nations whom the Lord destroyed. Manasseh went on from bad to worse, till carried captive to Babylon. The people were ready to comply with his wishes, to obtain his favour and because it suited their depraved inclinations. In the reformation of large bodies, numbers are mere time-servers, and in temptation fall away.
vv10-18
Here is the doom of Judah and Jerusalem. The words used represent the city emptied and utterly desolate, yet not destroyed thereby, but cleansed, and to be kept for the future dwelling of the Jews: forsaken, yet not finally, and only as to outward privileges, for individual believers were preserved in that visitation. The Lord will cast off any professing people who dishonour him by their crimes, but never will desert his cause on earth. In the book of Chronicles we read of Manasseh's repentance, and acceptance with God; thus we may learn not to despair of the recovery of the greatest sinners. But let none dare to persist in sin, presuming that they may repent and reform when they please. There are a few instances of the conversion of notorious sinners, that none may despair; and but few, that none may presume.
vv19-26
Amon profaned God's house with his idols; and God suffered his house to be polluted with his blood. How unrighteous soever they were that did it, God was righteous who suffered it to be done. Now was a happy change from one of the worst, to one of the best of the kings of Judah. Once more Judah was tried with a reformation. Whether the Lord bears long with presumptuous offenders, or speedily cuts them off in their sins, all must perish who persist in refusing to walk in his ways.
Key Words
מְנַשֶּׁה: Menashsheh, a grandson of Jacob, also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
אֵם: a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively (like father))
שֵׁם: an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
חֶפְצִי בָּהּ: Cheptsi-bah, a fanciful name for Palestine
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
רַע: bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
Cross References
2 Kings 21Parallel account detailing Manasseh's early reign, extreme idolatries, and subsequent captivity and repentance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The precise metaphorical phrase of ears tingling at the report of catastrophic divine judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jeremiah uses the same ear-tingling metaphor to announce the identical destruction of Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Manasseh rebuilt the very high places his reformist father Hezekiah had destroyed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Manasseh's idolatry explicitly modeled on Ahab's Baal worship and making of an Asherah grove.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Alludes directly to the Davidic covenant promise that Israel would no longer move.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah declares Judah's exile is explicitly because of what Manasseh did in Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel record of Amon's brief, wicked reign and failure to humble himself.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel details of building altars for the host of heaven in temple courts.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Precedent of Ahaz making his son pass through fire, demonstrating Judah's progressive slide.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Uses the measuring line and plummet as metaphors of total, planned destruction.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of the line stretched over Jerusalem's walls during the Babylonian destruction.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Traditional reference to Isaiah being sawn asunder under Manasseh's bloodthirsty purge.
Supported by JFB
Defines the inner and outer temple courts where Manasseh built pagan altars.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Even Josiah's reforms could not turn God's anger from Manasseh's deep provocations.
Supported by JFB