Lamentations2
World English Bible · Public Domain
1How has the Lord covered the daughter of Zion with a cloud in his anger! He has cast the beauty of Israel down from heaven to the earth, and hasn’t remembered his footstool in the day of his anger.
2The Lord has swallowed up all the dwellings of Jacob without pity. He has thrown down in his wrath the strongholds of the daughter of Judah. He has brought them down to the ground. He has profaned the kingdom and its princes.
3He has cut off all the horn of Israel in fierce anger. He has drawn back his right hand from before the enemy. He has burned up Jacob like a flaming fire, which devours all around.
4He has bent his bow like an enemy. He has stood with his right hand as an adversary. He has killed all that were pleasant to the eye. In the tent of the daughter of Zion, he has poured out his wrath like fire.
5The Lord has become as an enemy. He has swallowed up Israel. He has swallowed up all her palaces. He has destroyed his strongholds. He has multiplied mourning and lamentation in the daughter of Judah.
6He has violently taken away his tabernacle, as if it were a garden. He has destroyed his place of assembly. Yahweh has caused solemn assembly and Sabbath to be forgotten in Zion. In the indignation of his anger, he has despised the king and the priest.
7The Lord has cast off his altar. He has abhorred his sanctuary. He has given the walls of her palaces into the hand of the enemy. They have made a noise in Yahweh’s house, as in the day of a solemn assembly.
8Yahweh has purposed to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion. He has stretched out the line. He has not withdrawn his hand from destroying; He has made the rampart and wall lament. They languish together.
9Her gates have sunk into the ground. He has destroyed and broken her bars. Her king and her princes are among the nations where the law is not. Yes, her prophets find no vision from Yahweh.
10The elders of the daughter of Zion sit on the ground. They keep silence. They have cast up dust on their heads. They have clothed themselves with sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem hang down their heads to the ground.
11My eyes fail with tears. My heart is troubled. My bile is poured on the earth, because of the destruction of the daughter of my people, because the young children and the infants swoon in the streets of the city.
12They ask their mothers, “Where is grain and wine?” when they swoon as the wounded in the streets of the city, when their soul is poured out into their mothers’ bosom.
13What shall I testify to you? What shall I liken to you, daughter of Jerusalem? What shall I compare to you, that I may comfort you, virgin daughter of Zion? For your breach is as big as the sea. Who can heal you?
14Your prophets have seen false and foolish visions for you. They have not uncovered your iniquity, to reverse your captivity, but have seen for you false revelations and causes of banishment.
15All that pass by clap their hands at you. They hiss and wag their head at the daughter of Jerusalem, saying, “Is this the city that men called ‘The perfection of beauty, the joy of the whole earth’?”
16All your enemies have opened their mouth wide against you. They hiss and gnash their teeth. They say, “We have swallowed her up. Certainly this is the day that we looked for. We have found it. We have seen it.”
17Yahweh has done that which he planned. He has fulfilled his word that he commanded in the days of old. He has thrown down, and has not pitied. He has caused the enemy to rejoice over you. He has exalted the horn of your adversaries.
18Their heart cried to the Lord. O wall of the daughter of Zion, let tears run down like a river day and night. Give yourself no relief. Don’t let your eyes rest.
19Arise, cry out in the night, at the beginning of the watches! Pour out your heart like water before the face of the Lord. Lift up your hands toward him for the life of your young children, who faint for hunger at the head of every street.
20“Look, Yahweh, and see to whom you have done thus! Should the women eat their offspring, the children that they held and bounced on their knees? Should the priest and the prophet be killed in the sanctuary of the Lord?
21“The youth and the old man lie on the ground in the streets. My virgins and my young men have fallen by the sword. You have killed them in the day of your anger. You have slaughtered, and not pitied.
22“You have called, as in the day of a solemn assembly, my terrors on every side. There was no one that escaped or remained in the day of Yahweh’s anger. My enemy has consumed those whom I have cared for and brought up.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Lamentations 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Lamentation for the misery of Jerusalem. (1-22).
vv1-9
A sad representation is here made of the state of God's church, of Jacob and Israel; but the notice seems mostly to refer to the hand of the Lord in their calamities. Yet God is not an enemy to his people, when he is angry with them and corrects them. And gates and bars stand in no stead when God withdraws his protection. It is just with God to cast down those by judgments, who debase themselves by sin; and to deprive those of the benefit and comfort of sabbaths and ordinances, who have not duly valued nor observed them. What should they do with Bibles, who make no improvement of them? Those who misuse God's prophets, justly lose them. It becomes necessary, though painful, to turn the thoughts of the afflicted to the hand of God lifted up against them, and to their sins as the source of their miseries.
vv10-22
Causes for lamentation are described. Multitudes perished by famine. Even little children were slain by their mother's hands, and eaten, according to the threatening, Deut. 28:53. Multitudes fell by the sword. Their false prophets deceived them. And their neighbours laughed at them. It is a great sin to jest at others' miseries, and adds much affliction to the afflicted. Their enemies triumphed over them. The enemies of the church are apt to take its shocks for its ruins; but they will find themselves deceived. Calls to lamentation are given; and comforts for the cure of these lamentations are sought. Prayer is a salve for every sore, even the sorest; a remedy for every malady, even the most grievous. Our business in prayer is to refer our case to the Lord, and leave it with him. His will be done. Let us fear God, and walk humbly before him, and take heed lest we fall.
Key Words
אֵיךְ: how? or how!; also where
אֲדֹנָי: the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
אַף: properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
עוּב: to be dense or dark, i.e. to becloud
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
צִיּוֹן: Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of Jerusalem
שָׁלַךְ: to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
שָׁמַיִם: the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
Cross References
Lamentations 2Poole, Calvin, and JFB identify God's 'footstool' as the Temple or Ark, citing this key passage.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills the horrific curse of mothers eating their children due to extreme famine in the siege.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Establishes the temple/ark as the earthly footstool of God where Israel was commanded to worship.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct parallel of the Lord actively turning to fight against His own people as their enemy.
Supported by JFB
Vivid verbal echo of God breaking down his vineyard hedge or tabernacle like a temporary garden booth.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The 'measuring line' used not for construction, but as a metaphor for methodical, complete destruction.
Supported by JFB
Further defines the theological concept of worshipping at God's footstool under the Old Covenant.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The historical execution of Poole's reference: the Chaldeans burning the literal house of the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the profaning of the kingly crown and casting down of Judah's strongholds.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of the warning that Israel's king would be carried away captive among the Gentiles.
Supported by JFB
Daniel's confirmation that Jerusalem's unique, vast judgment has no equal under the whole heaven.
Supported by JFB
Sion left desolate like a temporary cottage or booth in a garden.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Highlights the literal breaking of the bars of the city gates during its destruction.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the silent grief of the elders sitting on the ground with dust on their heads.
Supported by JFB
Connects the cessation of the law under theocracy to times of national apostasy and exile.
Supported by JFB