Lamentations2
New American Standard
1How the Lord has covered the daughter of Zion With a cloud in His anger! He has hurled The glory of Israel from heaven to earth, And has not remembered His footstool In the day of His anger.
2The Lord has destroyed; He has not spared All the settlements of Jacob. In His wrath He has overthrown The strongholds of the daughter of Judah, He has hurled them down to the ground; He has profaned the kingdom and its leaders.
3In fierce anger He has cut off All the strength of Israel; He has pulled back His right hand From the enemy. And He has burned in Jacob like a flaming fire Consuming on all sides.
4He has bent His bow like an enemy; His right hand is positioned like an adversary, And He has killed everything that was pleasant to the eye. In the tent of the daughter of Zion He has poured out His wrath like fire.
5The Lord has become like an enemy. He has engulfed Israel; He has engulfed all its palaces, He has destroyed its strongholds And caused great mourning and grieving in the daughter of Judah.
6And He has treated His tabernacle violently, like a despised garden; He has destroyed His appointed meeting place. The Lord has caused The appointed feast and Sabbath in Zion to be forgotten, And He has despised king and priest In the indignation of His anger.
7The Lord has rejected His altar, He has repudiated His sanctuary; He has handed over The walls of her palaces to the enemy. They have made a noise in the house of the Lord As on the day of an appointed feast.
8The Lord determined to destroy The wall of the daughter of Zion. He has stretched out a line, He has not restrained His hand from destroying, And He has caused rampart and wall to mourn; They have languished together.
9Her gates have sunk into the ground, He has destroyed and broken her bars. Her king and her leaders are among the nations; The Law is gone. Her prophets, too, find No vision from the Lord.
10The elders of the daughter of Zion Sit on the ground and are silent. They have thrown dust on their heads; They have put on sackcloth. The virgins of Jerusalem Have bowed their heads to the ground.
11My eyes fail because of tears, My spirit is greatly troubled; My heart is poured out on the earth Because of the destruction of the daughter of my people, When little ones and infants languish In the streets of the city.
12They say to their mothers, “Where is grain and wine?” As they faint like a wounded person In the streets of the city, As their lives are poured out In their mothers’ arms.
13How shall I admonish you? What shall I compare to you, Daughter of Jerusalem? What shall I liken to you as I comfort you, Virgin daughter of Zion? For your collapse is as vast as the sea; Who can heal you?
14Your prophets have seen for you Worthless and deceptive visions; And they have not exposed your wrongdoing So as to restore you from captivity, But they have seen for you worthless and misleading pronouncements.
15All who pass along the way Clap their hands in ridicule at you; They hiss and shake their heads At the daughter of Jerusalem: “Is this the city of which they said, ‘Perfect in beauty, A joy to all the earth’?”
16All your enemies Have opened their mouths wide against you; They hiss and gnash their teeth. They say, “We have engulfed her! This certainly is the day which we awaited; We have reached it, we have seen it!”
17The Lord has done what He determined; He has accomplished His word Which He commanded from days of old. He has torn down without sparing, And He has helped the enemy to rejoice over you; He has exalted the might of your adversaries.
18Their heart cried out to the Lord: “You wall of the daughter of Zion, Let your tears stream down like a river day and night; Give yourself no relief, Let your eyes have no rest.
19Arise, whimper in the night At the beginning of the night watches; Pour out your heart like water Before the presence of the Lord; Raise your hands to Him For the life of your little ones Who languish because of hunger At the head of every street.
20See, Lord, and look! With whom have You dealt this way? Should women really eat their children, The little ones who were born healthy? Should priest and prophet really be killed In the sanctuary of the Lord?
21On the ground in the streets Lie young and old; My virgins and my young men Have fallen by the sword. You have put them to death on the day of Your anger, You have slaughtered, without sparing.
22You called as on the day of an appointed feast My terrors on every side; And there was no one who survived or escaped On the day of the Lord’s anger. As for those whom I brought forth healthy and whom I raised, My enemy annihilated them.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Lamentations 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Lamentation for the misery of Jerusalem. (1-22).
vv1-9
A sad representation is here made of the state of God's church, of Jacob and Israel; but the notice seems mostly to refer to the hand of the Lord in their calamities. Yet God is not an enemy to his people, when he is angry with them and corrects them. And gates and bars stand in no stead when God withdraws his protection. It is just with God to cast down those by judgments, who debase themselves by sin; and to deprive those of the benefit and comfort of sabbaths and ordinances, who have not duly valued nor observed them. What should they do with Bibles, who make no improvement of them? Those who misuse God's prophets, justly lose them. It becomes necessary, though painful, to turn the thoughts of the afflicted to the hand of God lifted up against them, and to their sins as the source of their miseries.
vv10-22
Causes for lamentation are described. Multitudes perished by famine. Even little children were slain by their mother's hands, and eaten, according to the threatening, Deut. 28:53. Multitudes fell by the sword. Their false prophets deceived them. And their neighbours laughed at them. It is a great sin to jest at others' miseries, and adds much affliction to the afflicted. Their enemies triumphed over them. The enemies of the church are apt to take its shocks for its ruins; but they will find themselves deceived. Calls to lamentation are given; and comforts for the cure of these lamentations are sought. Prayer is a salve for every sore, even the sorest; a remedy for every malady, even the most grievous. Our business in prayer is to refer our case to the Lord, and leave it with him. His will be done. Let us fear God, and walk humbly before him, and take heed lest we fall.
Key Words
אֵיךְ: how? or how!; also where
אֲדֹנָי: the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
אַף: properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
עוּב: to be dense or dark, i.e. to becloud
בַּת: a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
צִיּוֹן: Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of Jerusalem
שָׁלַךְ: to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
שָׁמַיִם: the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
Cross References
Lamentations 2Poole, Calvin, and JFB identify God's 'footstool' as the Temple or Ark, citing this key passage.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills the horrific curse of mothers eating their children due to extreme famine in the siege.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Establishes the temple/ark as the earthly footstool of God where Israel was commanded to worship.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct parallel of the Lord actively turning to fight against His own people as their enemy.
Supported by JFB
Vivid verbal echo of God breaking down his vineyard hedge or tabernacle like a temporary garden booth.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The 'measuring line' used not for construction, but as a metaphor for methodical, complete destruction.
Supported by JFB
Further defines the theological concept of worshipping at God's footstool under the Old Covenant.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The historical execution of Poole's reference: the Chaldeans burning the literal house of the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the profaning of the kingly crown and casting down of Judah's strongholds.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of the warning that Israel's king would be carried away captive among the Gentiles.
Supported by JFB
Daniel's confirmation that Jerusalem's unique, vast judgment has no equal under the whole heaven.
Supported by JFB
Sion left desolate like a temporary cottage or booth in a garden.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Highlights the literal breaking of the bars of the city gates during its destruction.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the silent grief of the elders sitting on the ground with dust on their heads.
Supported by JFB
Connects the cessation of the law under theocracy to times of national apostasy and exile.
Supported by JFB