Jeremiah 51NASB
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Jeremiah51

New American Standard

1This is what the Lord says: “Behold, I am going to stir up The spirit of a destroyer against Babylon And against the inhabitants of Leb-kamai.

2I will send foreigners to Babylon so that they may winnow her And devastate her land; For they will be opposed to her on every side On the day of her disaster.

3Let not him who bends his bow bend it, Nor let him rise up in his coat of armor. Do not spare her young men; Devote all her army to destruction.

4They will fall down dead in the land of the Chaldeans, And pierced through in their streets.”

5For neither Israel nor Judah has been forsaken By his God, the Lord of armies, Although their land is full of guilt Before the Holy One of Israel.

6Flee from the midst of Babylon, And each of you save his life! Do not perish in her punishment, For this is the Lord’s time of vengeance; He is going to repay to her what she deserves.

7Babylon has been a golden cup in the hand of the Lord, Intoxicating all the earth. The nations have drunk of her wine; Therefore the nations are going insane.

8Suddenly Babylon has fallen and been broken; Wail over her! Bring balm for her pain; Perhaps she may be healed.

9We applied healing to Babylon, but she was not healed; Abandon her and let’s each go to his own country, For her judgment has reached to heaven And it rises to the clouds.

10The Lord has brought about our vindication; Come and let’s recount in Zion The work of the Lord our God!

11Sharpen the arrows, fill the quivers! The Lord has stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes, Because His plan is against Babylon to destroy it; For it is the vengeance of the Lord, vengeance for His temple.

12Lift up a signal flag against the walls of Babylon; Post a strong guard, Station sentries, Set up an ambush! For the Lord has both planned and performed What He spoke concerning the inhabitants of Babylon.

13You who live by many waters, Abundant in treasures, Your end has come, The measure of your end.

14The Lord of armies has sworn by Himself: “I will certainly fill you with a population like locusts, And they will cry out with shouts of victory over you.”

15It is He who made the earth by His power, Who established the world by His wisdom, And by His understanding He stretched out the heavens.

16When He utters His voice, there is a roar of waters in the heavens, And He makes the clouds ascend from the end of the earth. He makes lightning for the rain And brings out wind from His storehouses.

17Every person is stupid, devoid of knowledge; Every goldsmith is put to shame by his idols, For his cast metal images are deceitful, And there is no breath in them.

18They are worthless, a work of mockery; At the time of their punishment they will perish.

19The portion of Jacob is not like these; For He is the Maker of everything, And of the tribe of His inheritance; The Lord of armies is His name.

20He says, “You are My war-club, My weapon of war; And with you I shatter nations, And with you I destroy kingdoms.

21With you I shatter the horse and his rider, And with you I shatter the chariot and its rider,

22And with you I shatter man and woman, And with you I shatter the old man and youth, And with you I shatter the young man and virgin,

23And with you I shatter the shepherd and his flock, And with you I shatter the farmer and his team, And with you I shatter governors and officials.

24“But I will repay Babylon and all the inhabitants of Chaldea for all their evil that they have done in Zion before your eyes,” declares the Lord.

25“Behold, I am against you, mountain of destruction That destroys the whole earth,” declares the Lord, “And I will stretch out My hand against you, And roll you down from the rocky cliffs, And I will make you a burnt out mountain.

26They will not take from you even a stone for a corner Nor a stone for foundations, But you will be desolate forever,” declares the Lord.

27Lift up a signal flag in the land, Blow a trumpet among the nations! Consecrate the nations against her, Summon against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz; Appoint an officer against her, Bring up the horses like bristly locusts.

28Consecrate the nations against her, The kings of the Medes, Their governors and all their officials, And every land under their control.

29So the land quakes and writhes, For the plans of the Lord against Babylon stand, To make the land of Babylon A desolation without inhabitants.

30The warriors of Babylon have ceased fighting, They stay in the strongholds; Their strength is exhausted, They are becoming like women; Their homes are set on fire, The bars of her gates are broken.

31One courier runs to meet another, And one messenger to meet another, To tell the king of Babylon That his city has been captured from end to end;

32The river crossing places have been seized, And they have burned the marshes with fire, And the men of war are terrified.

33For this is what the Lord of armies, the God of Israel says: “The daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor At the time that it is tread down; In just a little while the time of harvest will come for her.”

34“Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon has devoured me, he has crushed me, He has set me down like an empty vessel; He has swallowed me like a monster, He has filled his stomach with my delicacies; He has washed me away.

35May the violence done to me and to my flesh be upon Babylon,” The inhabitant of Zion will say; And, “May my blood be upon the inhabitants of Chaldea,” Jerusalem will say.

36Therefore this is what the Lord says: “Behold, I am going to plead your case And take vengeance for you; And I will dry up her sea And make her fountain dry.

37Babylon will become a heap of ruins, a haunt of jackals, An object of horror and hissing, without inhabitants.

38They will roar together like young lions, They will growl like lions’ cubs.

39When they become heated up, I will serve them their banquet And make them drunk, so that they may rejoice in triumph, And may sleep a perpetual sleep And not wake up,” declares the Lord.

40“I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, Like rams together with male goats.

41“How Sheshak has been captured, And the praise of the whole earth has been seized! How Babylon has become an object of horror among the nations!

42The sea has come up over Babylon; She has been engulfed by its roaring waves.

43Her cities have become an object of horror, A dry land and a desert, A land in which no one lives And through which no one of mankind passes.

44I will punish Bel in Babylon, And I will make what he has swallowed come out of his mouth; And the nations will no longer stream toward him. Even the wall of Babylon has fallen down!

45“Come out from her midst, My people, And each of you save yourselves From the fierce anger of the Lord.

46Now, so that your heart does not grow faint, And you are not afraid at the report that will be heard in the land— For the report will come in one year, And after that another report in another year, And violence will be in the land With ruler against ruler—

47Therefore behold, days are coming When I will punish the idols of Babylon; And her whole land will be put to shame. And all her slain will fall in her midst.

48Then heaven and earth and everything that is in them Will shout for joy over Babylon, Because the destroyers will come to her from the north,” Declares the Lord.

49Indeed, Babylon is to fall for the slain of Israel, As the slain of all the earth have also fallen for Babylon.

50You who have escaped the sword, Go! Do not stay! Remember the Lord from far away, And let Jerusalem come to your mind.

51We are ashamed because we have heard rebuke; Disgrace has covered our faces, Because strangers have entered The holy places of the Lord’s house.

52“Therefore behold, the days are coming,” declares the Lord, “When I will punish her idols, And the mortally wounded will groan throughout her land.

53Though Babylon ascends to the heavens, And though she fortifies her lofty stronghold, Destroyers will come from Me to her,” declares the Lord.

54The sound of an outcry from Babylon, And of great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans!

55For the Lord is going to destroy Babylon, And He will make her loud noise vanish from her. And their waves will roar like many waters; The clamor of their voices sounds forth.

56For the destroyer is coming against her, against Babylon, And her warriors will be captured, Their bows shattered; For the Lord is a God of retribution, He will fully repay.

57“I will make her leaders and her wise men drunk, Her governors, her officials, and her warriors, So that they will sleep a perpetual sleep and not wake up,” Declares the King, whose name is the Lord of armies.

58This is what the Lord of armies says: “The broad wall of Babylon will be completely demolished, And her high gates will be set on fire; So the peoples will labor for nothing, And the nations become exhausted only for fire.”

59The command that Jeremiah the prophet gave Seraiah the son of Neriah, the grandson of Mahseiah, when he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah to Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. (And Seraiah was quartermaster.)

60Jeremiah wrote on a single scroll all the disaster which would come against Babylon, that is, all these words which have been written concerning Babylon.

61Then Jeremiah said to Seraiah, “As soon as you come to Babylon, see that you read all these words aloud,

62and say, ‘You, Lord, have promised concerning this place to cut it off, so that there will be nothing living in it, whether man or animal; but it will be a permanent desolation.’

63And as soon as you finish reading this scroll, you shall tie a stone to it and throw it into the middle of the Euphrates,

64and say, ‘Just so shall Babylon sink down and not rise again, because of the disaster that I am going to bring upon her; and they will become exhausted.’” To this point are the words of Jeremiah.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 51.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Babylon's doom; God's controversy with her; encouragements from thence to the Israel of God. (1-58). The confirming of this. (59-64).

vv1-58

The particulars of this prophecy are dispersed and interwoven, and the same things left and returned to again. Babylon is abundant in treasures, yet neither her waters nor her wealth shall secure her. Destruction comes when they did not think of it. Wherever we are, in the greatest depths, at the greatest distances, we are to remember the Lord our God; and in the times of the greatest fears and hopes, it is most needful to remember the Lord. The feeling excited by Babylon's fall is the same with the New Testament Babylon, Rev. 18:9,19. The ruin of all who support idolatry, infidelity, and superstition, is needful for the revival of true godliness; and the threatening prophecies of Scripture yield comfort in this view. The great seat of antichristian tyranny, idolatry, and superstition, the persecutor of true Christians, is as certainly doomed to destruction as ancient Babylon. Then will vast multitudes mourn for sin, and seek the Lord. Then will the lost sheep of the house of Israel be brought back to the fold of the good Shepherd, and stray no more. And the exact fulfilment of these ancient prophecies encourages us to faith in all the promises and prophecies of the sacred Scriptures.

vv59-64

This prophecy is sent to Babylon, to the captives there, by Seraiah, who is to read it to his countrymen in captivity. Let them with faith see the end of these threatening powers, and comfort themselves herewith. When we see what this world is, how glittering its shows, and how flattering its proposals, let us read in the book of the Lord that it shall shortly be desolate. The book must be thrown into the river Euphrates. The fall of the New Testament Babylon is thus represented, Rev. 18:21. Those that sink under the weight of God's wrath and curse, sink for ever. Babylon, and every antichrist, will soon sink and rise no more for ever. Let us hope in God's word, and quietly wait for his salvation; then we shall see, but shall not share, the destruction of the wicked.

Cross References

Jeremiah 51

Verbatim duplicate of Jeremiah 10:12-16, contrasting God's cosmic power and the Portion of Jacob with futile idols.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v45Revelation 18:4allusion

New Testament command to 'come out of her' echoes Jeremiah's call to flee Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v63Revelation 18:21typology

An angel casts a millstone into the sea, mirroring Seraiah throwing the book into Euphrates.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v7Revelation 17:4thematic

Direct parallel of the golden cup in Babylon's hand making the earth drunken with her impurities.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Isaiah 21:9thematic

The exact prophetic exclamation: 'Babylon is fallen, is fallen,' echoed in Isaiah and later Revelation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v13Revelation 17:1thematic

John's Apocalypse borrows this exact imagery of Babylon dwelling on many waters to describe mystical Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

The final, permanent desolation of Babylon is typologically applied to New Testament mystical Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v31Daniel 5:30fulfillment

The historical fulfillment of Babylon's sudden fall during a night of drunken feasting.

Supported by JFB

v32Isaiah 44:27fulfillment

The drying up of Babylon's protective waters (Euphrates) to prepare the way for her conquerors.

Supported by JFB

v60Revelation 18:21typology

The symbolic sinking of the book in Euphrates typifies mystical Babylon's final, irreversible fall.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Jeremiah 15:7thematic

God using 'fanners' to winnow and scatter a nation like chaff, emptying her land.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Revelation 18:4thematic

The New Testament call to 'Come out of her, my people' echoes this command to flee.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v7Daniel 2:38thematic

Babylon represented as the 'head of gold,' matching the splendor of the 'golden cup'.

Supported by JFB

v8Jeremiah 8:22thematic

Irony of offering medicinal 'balm' for Babylon's terminal, incurable judgment.

Supported by JFB

v11Jeremiah 50:28thematic

Identical phrase: 'the vengeance of the Lord... the vengeance of his temple' for Babylon's crimes.

Supported by JFB

v24Revelation 18:6typology

The law of retribution (lex talionis) executed upon Babylon for her violence against God's people.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Babylon as a destructive power or mountain influencing the entire earth, echoed in Revelation.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v30Psalms 76:5thematic

The stouthearted sleep their sleep and the mighty men are unable to lift their hands.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v41Jeremiah 25:26thematic

Identifies 'Sheshach' as a cryptogram/atbash name for Babylon, matching Jeremiah's earlier usage.

Supported by JFB

v48Revelation 18:20thematic

Heaven and earth are called to rejoice over the fall of Babylon in both testaments.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v62Isaiah 13:19-22thematic

Parallels the prophetic decree that Babylon will become completely desolate, uninhabited by man or beast.

v63Jeremiah 19:10thematic

Another symbolic prophetic action where Jeremiah breaks a bottle to illustrate irreversible destruction.

v12 Kings 19:7thematic

Historical precedent of God sending a destructive 'blast' or 'wind' to overthrow an empire.

Supported by JFB

v9Revelation 18:5thematic

Mystical Babylon's sins and judgment reaching directly up to heaven.

Supported by JFB

v10Psalms 37:6thematic

God bringing forth His people's righteousness, vindicating them openly in Zion.

Supported by JFB

v20Isaiah 10:5thematic

Parallel of Assyria as God's rod/axe, demonstrating how He uses pagan nations as weapons.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Haggai 2:22thematic

God's cosmic judgment in overthrowing the strength of kingdoms, specifically the horses and riders.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Zechariah 4:7thematic

The contrasting of a great, proud, opposing mountain with God's sovereign power to level it.

Supported by JFB

v26Jeremiah 25:12thematic

Prophecy of the land of the Chaldeans being reduced to perpetual desolations.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v28Isaiah 13:17fulfillment

Explicit naming of the Medes as the instruments stirred up by God to destroy Babylon.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v33Joel 3:13thematic

Harvest and threshing metaphors used to depict the arrival of the time of divine judgment.

Supported by JFB

v41Daniel 5:1-3thematic

Babylon's sudden surprise during Belshazzar's feast while praising their idols.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v44Isaiah 21:9thematic

Parallels the declaration of Babylon's fall and the judgment on her graven images.

Supported by JFB

v57Daniel 5:30fulfillment

The literal fulfillment of Babylon's princes sleeping a perpetual sleep on the night of overthrow.

Supported by JFB

v58Habakkuk 2:13quotation

Verbatim parallel of the folk laboring in the very fire and wearying themselves for vanity.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v64Jeremiah 51:58thematic

Verbatim echo of "and they shall be weary," which concludes the preceding section of Jeremiah's prophecy.