Haggai2
New American Standard
1On the twenty-first of the seventh month, the word of the Lord came by Haggai the prophet, saying,
2“Speak now to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and to the remnant of the people, saying,
3‘Who is left among you who saw this temple in its former glory? And how do you see it now? Does it not seem to you like nothing in comparison?
4But now take courage, Zerubbabel,’ declares the Lord, ‘take courage also, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and all you people of the land take courage,’ declares the Lord, ‘and work; for I am with you,’ declares the Lord of armies.
5‘As for the promise which I made you when you came out of Egypt, My Spirit remains in your midst; do not fear!’
6For this is what the Lord of armies says: ‘Once more in a little while, I am going to shake the heavens and the earth, the sea also and the dry land.
7I will shake all the nations; and they will come with the wealth of all nations, and I will fill this house with glory,’ says the Lord of armies.
8‘The silver is Mine and the gold is Mine,’ declares the Lord of armies.
9‘The latter glory of this house will be greater than the former,’ says the Lord of armies, ‘and in this place I will give peace,’ declares the Lord of armies.”
10On the twenty-fourth of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord came to Haggai the prophet, saying,
11“The Lord of armies says this: ‘Now ask the priests for a ruling:
12If someone carries holy meat in the fold of his garment, and touches bread with this fold, or touches cooked food, wine, oil, or any other food, will it become holy?’” And the priests answered, “No.”
13Then Haggai said, “If one who is unclean from a corpse touches any of these things, will the latter become unclean?” And the priests answered, “It will become unclean.”
14Then Haggai responded and said, “‘So is this people. And so is this nation before Me,’ declares the Lord, ‘and so is every work of their hands; and what they offer there is unclean.
15But now, do consider from this day onward: before one stone was placed on another in the temple of the Lord,
16from that time when one came to a grain heap of twenty measures, there would be only ten; and when one came to the wine vat to draw fifty measures, there would be only twenty.
17I struck you and every work of your hands with scorching wind, mildew, and hail; yet you did not come back to Me,’ declares the Lord.
18‘Do consider from this day onward, from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month; from the day when the temple of the Lord was founded, consider:
19Is the seed still in the barn? Even including the vine, the fig tree, the pomegranate, and the olive tree, it has not produced fruit. Yet from this day on I will bless you.’”
20Then the word of the Lord came a second time to Haggai on the twenty-fourth day of the month, saying,
21“Speak to Zerubbabel governor of Judah, saying, ‘I am going to shake the heavens and the earth.
22And I will overthrow the thrones of kingdoms and destroy the power of the kingdoms of the nations; and I will overthrow the chariots and their riders, and the horses and their riders will go down, every one by the sword of another.’
23‘On that day,’ declares the Lord of armies, ‘I will take you, Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, My servant,’ declares the Lord, ‘and I will make you like a signet ring, for I have chosen you,’” declares the Lord of armies.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Haggai 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Greater glory promised to the second temple than to the first. (1–9). Their sins hindered the work. (10–19). The kingdom of Christ foretold. (20–23).
vv1-9
Those who are hearty in the Lord's service shall receive encouragement to proceed. But they could not build such a temple then, as Solomon built. Though our gracious God is pleased if we do as well as we can in his service, yet our proud hearts will scarcely let us be pleased, unless we do as well as others, whose abilities are far beyond ours. Encouragement is given the Jews to go on in the work notwithstanding. They have God with them, his Spirit and his special presence. Though he chastens their transgressions, his faithfulness does not fail. The Spirit still remained among them. And they shall have the Messiah among them shortly; “He that should come.” Convulsions and changes would take place in the Jewish church and state, but first should come great revolutions and commotions among the nations. He shall come, as the Desire of all nations; desirable to all nations, for in him shall all the earth be blessed with the best of blessings; long expected and desired by all believers. The house they were building should be filled with glory, very far beyond Solomon's temple. This house shall be filled with glory of another nature. If we have silver and gold, we must serve and honour God with it, for the property is his. If we have not silver and gold, we must honour him with such as we have, and he will accept us. Let them be comforted that the glory of this latter house shall be greater than that of the former, in what would be beyond all the glories of the first house, the presence of the Messiah, the Son of God, the Lord of glory, personally, and in human nature. Nothing but the presence of the Son of God, in human form and nature, could fulfil this. Jesus is the Christ, is He that should come, and we are to look for no other. This prophecy alone is enough to silence the Jews, and condemn their obstinate rejection of Him, concerning whom all their prophets spake. If God be with us, peace is with us. But the Jews under the latter temple had much trouble; but this promise is fulfilled in that spiritual peace which Jesus Christ has by his blood purchased for all believers. All changes shall make way for Christ to be desired and valued by all nations. And the Jews shall have their eyes opened to behold how precious He is, whom they have hitherto rejected.
vv10-19
Many spoiled this good work, by going about it with unholy hearts and hands, and were likely to gain no advantage by it. The sum of these two rules of the law is, that sin is more easily learned from others than holiness. The impurity of their hearts and lives shall make the work of their hands, and all their offerings, unclean before God. The case is the same with us. When employed in any good work, we should watch over ourselves, lest we render it unclean by our corruptions. When we begin to make conscience of duty to God, we may expect his blessing; and whoso is wise will understand the loving-kindness of the Lord. God will curse the blessings of the wicked, and make bitter the prosperity of the careless; but he will sweeten the cup of affliction to those who diligently serve him.
vv20-23
The Lord will preserve Zerubbabel and the people of Judah, amidst their enemies. Here is also foretold the establishment and continuance of the kingdom of Christ; by union with whom his people are sealed with the Holy Ghost, sealed with his image, thus distinguished from all others. Here also is foretold the changes, even to that time when the kingdom of Christ shall overthrow and occupy the place of all the empires which opposed his cause. The promise has special reference to Christ, who descended from Zerubbabel in a direct line, and is the sole Builder of the gospel temple. Our Lord Jesus is the Signet on God's right hand, for all power is given to him, and derived from him. By him, and in him, all the promises of God are yea and amen. Whatever changes take place on earth, all will promote the comfort, honour, and happiness of his servants.
Key Words
שְׁבִיעִי: seventh
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
חַגַּי: Chaggai, a Hebrew prophet
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
נָא: 'I pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the Imperative or Future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
זְרֻבָּבֶל: Zerubbabel, an Israelite
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
שְׁאַלְתִּיאֵל: Shealtiel, an Israelite
Cross References
Haggai 2Explicitly quotes and interprets the shaking of heaven and earth as introducing Christ's unshakeable kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Records the elders weeping at the visual inferiority of the second temple's foundation compared to the first.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB, John Calvin
Prophesies the Lord suddenly coming to His temple, fulfilling the promise of filling this house with glory.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Reverses the curse on Coniah (Jehoiachin), making his descendant Zerubbabel a chosen signet ring again.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Warns against despising the day of small things regarding Zerubbabel's temple building.
Supported by JFB
Defines the priestly duty to teach the distinction between the holy and the unholy/unclean.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Sets forth the specific Levitical laws regarding defilement by contact with a dead body.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Reinforces that the restoration succeeds not by human might, but by God's remaining Spirit.
Supported by JFB
The ultimate fulfillment of the temple's glory, as the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels the principle that to the defiled and unbelieving, nothing is pure.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explains the economic and agricultural curses previously sent due to their neglect of God's house.
Supported by John Calvin
Predicts God breaking and consuming all earthly kingdoms to establish His everlasting kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The original Sinai covenant promise that God would dwell among Israel as their God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Affirms God's absolute ownership of the earth's wealth, echoing 'the silver and gold are mine.'
Supported by Matthew Henry