Haggai 2NLT
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Haggai2

New Living Translation

1Then on October 17 of that same year, the Lord sent another message through the prophet Haggai.

2“Say this to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Jeshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest, and to the remnant of God’s people there in the land:

3‘Does anyone remember this house—this Temple—in its former splendor? How, in comparison, does it look to you now? It must seem like nothing at all!

4But now the Lord says: Be strong, Zerubbabel. Be strong, Jeshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. Be strong, all you people still left in the land. And now get to work, for I am with you, says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.

5My Spirit remains among you, just as I promised when you came out of Egypt. So do not be afraid.’

6“For this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says: In just a little while I will again shake the heavens and the earth, the oceans and the dry land.

7I will shake all the nations, and the treasures of all the nations will be brought to this Temple. I will fill this place with glory, says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.

8The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.

9The future glory of this Temple will be greater than its past glory, says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. And in this place I will bring peace. I, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, have spoken!”

10On December 18 of the second year of King Darius’s reign, the Lord sent this message to the prophet Haggai:

11“This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says. Ask the priests this question about the law:

12‘If one of you is carrying some meat from a holy sacrifice in his robes and his robe happens to brush against some bread or stew, wine or olive oil, or any other kind of food, will it also become holy?’” The priests replied, “No.”

13Then Haggai asked, “If someone becomes ceremonially unclean by touching a dead person and then touches any of these foods, will the food be defiled?” And the priests answered, “Yes.”

14Then Haggai responded, “That is how it is with this people and this nation, says the Lord. Everything they do and everything they offer is defiled by their sin.

15Look at what was happening to you before you began to lay the foundation of the Lord’s Temple.

16When you hoped for a twenty-bushel crop, you harvested only ten. When you expected to draw fifty gallons from the winepress, you found only twenty.

17I sent blight and mildew and hail to destroy everything you worked so hard to produce. Even so, you refused to return to me, says the Lord.

18“Think about this eighteenth day of December, the day when the foundation of the Lord’s Temple was laid. Think carefully.

19I am giving you a promise now while the seed is still in the barn. You have not yet harvested your grain, and your grapevines, fig trees, pomegranates, and olive trees have not yet produced their crops. But from this day onward I will bless you.”

20On that same day, December 18, the Lord sent this second message to Haggai:

21“Tell Zerubbabel, the governor of Judah, that I am about to shake the heavens and the earth.

22I will overthrow royal thrones and destroy the power of foreign kingdoms. I will overturn their chariots and riders. The horses will fall, and their riders will kill each other.

23“But when this happens, says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, I will honor you, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, my servant. I will make you like a signet ring on my finger, says the Lord, for I have chosen you. I, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, have spoken!”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Haggai 2.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Greater glory promised to the second temple than to the first. (1–9). Their sins hindered the work. (10–19). The kingdom of Christ foretold. (20–23).

vv1-9

Those who are hearty in the Lord's service shall receive encouragement to proceed. But they could not build such a temple then, as Solomon built. Though our gracious God is pleased if we do as well as we can in his service, yet our proud hearts will scarcely let us be pleased, unless we do as well as others, whose abilities are far beyond ours. Encouragement is given the Jews to go on in the work notwithstanding. They have God with them, his Spirit and his special presence. Though he chastens their transgressions, his faithfulness does not fail. The Spirit still remained among them. And they shall have the Messiah among them shortly; “He that should come.” Convulsions and changes would take place in the Jewish church and state, but first should come great revolutions and commotions among the nations. He shall come, as the Desire of all nations; desirable to all nations, for in him shall all the earth be blessed with the best of blessings; long expected and desired by all believers. The house they were building should be filled with glory, very far beyond Solomon's temple. This house shall be filled with glory of another nature. If we have silver and gold, we must serve and honour God with it, for the property is his. If we have not silver and gold, we must honour him with such as we have, and he will accept us. Let them be comforted that the glory of this latter house shall be greater than that of the former, in what would be beyond all the glories of the first house, the presence of the Messiah, the Son of God, the Lord of glory, personally, and in human nature. Nothing but the presence of the Son of God, in human form and nature, could fulfil this. Jesus is the Christ, is He that should come, and we are to look for no other. This prophecy alone is enough to silence the Jews, and condemn their obstinate rejection of Him, concerning whom all their prophets spake. If God be with us, peace is with us. But the Jews under the latter temple had much trouble; but this promise is fulfilled in that spiritual peace which Jesus Christ has by his blood purchased for all believers. All changes shall make way for Christ to be desired and valued by all nations. And the Jews shall have their eyes opened to behold how precious He is, whom they have hitherto rejected.

vv10-19

Many spoiled this good work, by going about it with unholy hearts and hands, and were likely to gain no advantage by it. The sum of these two rules of the law is, that sin is more easily learned from others than holiness. The impurity of their hearts and lives shall make the work of their hands, and all their offerings, unclean before God. The case is the same with us. When employed in any good work, we should watch over ourselves, lest we render it unclean by our corruptions. When we begin to make conscience of duty to God, we may expect his blessing; and whoso is wise will understand the loving-kindness of the Lord. God will curse the blessings of the wicked, and make bitter the prosperity of the careless; but he will sweeten the cup of affliction to those who diligently serve him.

vv20-23

The Lord will preserve Zerubbabel and the people of Judah, amidst their enemies. Here is also foretold the establishment and continuance of the kingdom of Christ; by union with whom his people are sealed with the Holy Ghost, sealed with his image, thus distinguished from all others. Here also is foretold the changes, even to that time when the kingdom of Christ shall overthrow and occupy the place of all the empires which opposed his cause. The promise has special reference to Christ, who descended from Zerubbabel in a direct line, and is the sole Builder of the gospel temple. Our Lord Jesus is the Signet on God's right hand, for all power is given to him, and derived from him. By him, and in him, all the promises of God are yea and amen. Whatever changes take place on earth, all will promote the comfort, honour, and happiness of his servants.

Cross References

Haggai 2
v6Hebrews 12:26-28fulfillment

Explicitly quotes and interprets the shaking of heaven and earth as introducing Christ's unshakeable kingdom.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Ezra 3:12thematic

Records the elders weeping at the visual inferiority of the second temple's foundation compared to the first.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB, John Calvin

v7Malachi 3:1thematic

Prophesies the Lord suddenly coming to His temple, fulfilling the promise of filling this house with glory.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v23Jeremiah 22:24contrast

Reverses the curse on Coniah (Jehoiachin), making his descendant Zerubbabel a chosen signet ring again.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v3Zechariah 4:10thematic

Warns against despising the day of small things regarding Zerubbabel's temple building.

Supported by JFB

Defines the priestly duty to teach the distinction between the holy and the unholy/unclean.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v13Numbers 19:11-22thematic

Sets forth the specific Levitical laws regarding defilement by contact with a dead body.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Zechariah 4:6thematic

Reinforces that the restoration succeeds not by human might, but by God's remaining Spirit.

Supported by JFB

v9John 1:14fulfillment

The ultimate fulfillment of the temple's glory, as the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v14Titus 1:15thematic

Parallels the principle that to the defiled and unbelieving, nothing is pure.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Haggai 1:9-11thematic

Explains the economic and agricultural curses previously sent due to their neglect of God's house.

Supported by John Calvin

v22Daniel 2:44thematic

Predicts God breaking and consuming all earthly kingdoms to establish His everlasting kingdom.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v5Exodus 29:45-46thematic

The original Sinai covenant promise that God would dwell among Israel as their God.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Psalms 24:1thematic

Affirms God's absolute ownership of the earth's wealth, echoing 'the silver and gold are mine.'

Supported by Matthew Henry