Numbers 19NLT
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Numbers19

New Living Translation

1The Lord said to Moses and Aaron,

2“Here is another legal requirement commanded by the Lord: Tell the people of Israel to bring you a red heifer, a perfect animal that has no defects and has never been yoked to a plow.

3Give it to Eleazar the priest, and it will be taken outside the camp and slaughtered in his presence.

4Eleazar will take some of its blood on his finger and sprinkle it seven times toward the front of the Tabernacle.

5As Eleazar watches, the heifer must be burned—its hide, meat, blood, and dung.

6Eleazar the priest must then take a stick of cedar, a hyssop branch, and some scarlet yarn and throw them into the fire where the heifer is burning.

7“Then the priest must wash his clothes and bathe himself in water. Afterward he may return to the camp, though he will remain ceremonially unclean until evening.

8The man who burns the animal must also wash his clothes and bathe himself in water, and he, too, will remain unclean until evening.

9Then someone who is ceremonially clean will gather up the ashes of the heifer and deposit them in a purified place outside the camp. They will be kept there for the community of Israel to use in the water for the purification ceremony. This ceremony is performed for the removal of sin.

10The man who gathers up the ashes of the heifer must also wash his clothes, and he will remain ceremonially unclean until evening. This is a permanent law for the people of Israel and any foreigners who live among them.

11“All those who touch a dead human body will be ceremonially unclean for seven days.

12They must purify themselves on the third and seventh days with the water of purification; then they will be purified. But if they do not do this on the third and seventh days, they will continue to be unclean even after the seventh day.

13All those who touch a dead body and do not purify themselves in the proper way defile the Lord’s Tabernacle, and they will be cut off from the community of Israel. Since the water of purification was not sprinkled on them, their defilement continues.

14“This is the ritual law that applies when someone dies inside a tent: All those who enter that tent and those who were inside when the death occurred will be ceremonially unclean for seven days.

15Any open container in the tent that was not covered with a lid is also defiled.

16And if someone in an open field touches the corpse of someone who was killed with a sword or who died a natural death, or if someone touches a human bone or a grave, that person will be defiled for seven days.

17“To remove the defilement, put some of the ashes from the burnt purification offering in a jar, and pour fresh water over them.

18Then someone who is ceremonially clean must take a hyssop branch and dip it into the water. That person must sprinkle the water on the tent, on all the furnishings in the tent, and on the people who were in the tent; also on the person who touched a human bone, or touched someone who was killed or who died naturally, or touched a grave.

19On the third and seventh days the person who is ceremonially clean must sprinkle the water on those who are defiled. Then on the seventh day the people being cleansed must wash their clothes and bathe themselves, and that evening they will be cleansed of their defilement.

20“But those who become defiled and do not purify themselves will be cut off from the community, for they have defiled the sanctuary of the Lord. Since the water of purification has not been sprinkled on them, they remain defiled.

21This is a permanent law for the people. Those who sprinkle the water of purification must afterward wash their clothes, and anyone who then touches the water used for purification will remain defiled until evening.

22Anything and anyone that a defiled person touches will be ceremonially unclean until evening.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 19.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The ashes of a heifer. (1–10). Used to purify the unclean. (11–22).

vv1-10

The heifer was to be wholly burned. This typified the painful sufferings of our Lord Jesus, both in soul and body, as a sacrifice made by fire, to satisfy God's justice for man's sin. These ashes are said to be laid up as a purification for sin, because, though they were only to purify from ceremonial uncleanness, yet they were a type of that purification for sin which our Lord Jesus made by his death. The blood of Christ is laid up for us in the word and sacraments, as a fountain of merit, to which by faith we may have constant recourse, for cleansing our consciences.

vv11-22

Why did the law make a corpse a defiling thing? Because death is the wages of sin, which entered into the world by it, and reigns by the power of it. The law could not conquer death, nor abolish it, as the gospel does, by bringing life and immortality to light, and so introducing a better hope. As the ashes of the heifer signified the merit of Christ, so the running water signified the power and grace of the blessed Spirit, who is compared to rivers of living water; and it is by his work that the righteousness of Christ is applied to us for our cleansing. Those who promise themselves benefit by the righteousness of Christ, while they submit not to the grace and influence of the Holy Spirit, do but deceive themselves; we cannot be purified by the ashes, otherwise than in the running water. What use could there be in these appointments, if they do not refer to the doctrines concerning the sacrifice of Christ? But comparing them with the New Testament, the knowledge to be got from them is evident. The true state of fallen man is shown in these institutions. Here we learn the defiling nature of sin, and are warned to avoid evil communications.

Cross References

Numbers 19

Slaying the heifer outside the camp typified Christ suffering outside the gate.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Hebrews 9:13typology

Contrasts the ashes of a heifer purifying the flesh with Christ purifying the conscience.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v9Hebrews 9:14typology

The blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v2Hebrews 9:10thematic

Classifies these ceremonial washings as carnal ordinances imposed until the time of reformation.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v21 Peter 1:19typology

Red heifer without blemish typified Christ as a lamb without blemish or spot.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Hebrews 7:26typology

Heifer without blemish typified Christ who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Like the heifer's burning, those disposing of the scapegoat and sin offerings became temporarily unclean.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The priest's uncleanness typified Christ made sin for us, though He knew no sin.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Parallels the red heifer upon which never came yoke, signifying freedom from human servitude.

v2John 10:17-18thematic

Voluntary offering typified by the heifer never under a yoke; Christ laid down His life voluntarily.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The whole bullock of the sin offering likewise burned outside the camp.

v6Leviticus 14:4thematic

The same purification elements (cedar wood, hyssop, scarlet) used in cleansing lepers.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Psalms 51:7allusion

David's plea to be purged with hyssop refers to these ceremonial cleansings.

v11Haggai 2:13thematic

Prophetic question regarding one unclean by a dead body, illustrating how defilement spreads.

v12Ezekiel 36:25thematic

Prophetic promise of clean water sprinkled to cleanse from all filthiness and idols.

v17John 4:10typology

Running (living) water mixed with ashes typifies Christ's gift of living water.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v18Hebrews 10:22allusion

Our bodies washed with pure water, drawing near with sprinkled hearts.

v9Zechariah 13:1typology

A fountain opened to the house of David for sin and for uncleanness.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v11Romans 5:12thematic

A corpse defiled because death entered the world through sin, reigning over all.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Matthew 23:27allusion

Jesus compares hypocrites to whited sepulchres, which ceremonially defiled those touching them.