Jeremiah51
New King James Version
1Thus says the Lord: “Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, Against those who dwell in Leb Kamai, A destroying wind.
2And I will send winnowers to Babylon, Who shall winnow her and empty her land. For in the day of doom They shall be against her all around.
3Against her let the archer bend his bow, And lift himself up against her in his armor. Do not spare her young men; Utterly destroy all her army.
4Thus the slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans, And those thrust through in her streets.
5For Israel is not forsaken, nor Judah, By his God, the Lord of hosts, Though their land was filled with sin against the Holy One of Israel.”
6Flee from the midst of Babylon, And every one save his life! Do not be cut off in her iniquity, For this is the time of the Lord’s vengeance; He shall recompense her.
7Babylon was a golden cup in the Lord’s hand, That made all the earth drunk. The nations drank her wine; Therefore the nations are deranged.
8Babylon has suddenly fallen and been destroyed. Wail for her! Take balm for her pain; Perhaps she may be healed.
9We would have healed Babylon, But she is not healed. Forsake her, and let us go everyone to his own country; For her judgment reaches to heaven and is lifted up to the skies.
10The Lord has revealed our righteousness. Come and let us declare in Zion the work of the Lord our God.
11Make the arrows bright! Gather the shields! The Lord has raised up the spirit of the kings of the Medes. For His plan is against Babylon to destroy it, Because it is the vengeance of the Lord, The vengeance for His temple.
12Set up the standard on the walls of Babylon; Make the guard strong, Set up the watchmen, Prepare the ambushes. For the Lord has both devised and done What He spoke against the inhabitants of Babylon.
13O you who dwell by many waters, Abundant in treasures, Your end has come, The measure of your covetousness.
14The Lord of hosts has sworn by Himself: “Surely I will fill you with men, as with locusts, And they shall lift up a shout against you.”
15He has made the earth by His power; He has established the world by His wisdom, And stretched out the heaven by His understanding.
16When He utters His voice— There is a multitude of waters in the heavens: “He causes the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth; He makes lightnings for the rain; He brings the wind out of His treasuries.”
17Everyone is dull-hearted, without knowledge; Every metalsmith is put to shame by the carved image; For his molded image is falsehood, And there is no breath in them.
18They are futile, a work of errors; In the time of their punishment they shall perish.
19The Portion of Jacob is not like them, For He is the Maker of all things; And Israel is the tribe of His inheritance. The Lord of hosts is His name.
20“You are My battle-ax and weapons of war: For with you I will break the nation in pieces; With you I will destroy kingdoms;
21With you I will break in pieces the horse and its rider; With you I will break in pieces the chariot and its rider;
22With you also I will break in pieces man and woman; With you I will break in pieces old and young; With you I will break in pieces the young man and the maiden;
23With you also I will break in pieces the shepherd and his flock; With you I will break in pieces the farmer and his yoke of oxen; And with you I will break in pieces governors and rulers.
24“And I will repay Babylon And all the inhabitants of Chaldea For all the evil they have done In Zion in your sight,” says the Lord.
25“Behold, I am against you, O destroying mountain, Who destroys all the earth,” says the Lord. “And I will stretch out My hand against you, Roll you down from the rocks, And make you a burnt mountain.
26They shall not take from you a stone for a corner Nor a stone for a foundation, But you shall be desolate forever,” says the Lord.
27Set up a banner in the land, Blow the trumpet among the nations! Prepare the nations against her, Call the kingdoms together against her: Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz. Appoint a general against her; Cause the horses to come up like the bristling locusts.
28Prepare against her the nations, With the kings of the Medes, Its governors and all its rulers, All the land of his dominion.
29And the land will tremble and sorrow; For every purpose of the Lord shall be performed against Babylon, To make the land of Babylon a desolation without inhabitant.
30The mighty men of Babylon have ceased fighting, They have remained in their strongholds; Their might has failed, They became like women; They have burned her dwelling places, The bars of her gate are broken.
31One runner will run to meet another, And one messenger to meet another, To show the king of Babylon that his city is taken on all sides;
32The passages are blocked, The reeds they have burned with fire, And the men of war are terrified.
33For thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: “The daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor When it is time to thresh her; Yet a little while And the time of her harvest will come.”
34“Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon Has devoured me, he has crushed me; He has made me an empty vessel, He has swallowed me up like a monster; He has filled his stomach with my delicacies, He has spit me out.
35Let the violence done to me and my flesh be upon Babylon,” The inhabitant of Zion will say; “And my blood be upon the inhabitants of Chaldea!” Jerusalem will say.
36Therefore thus says the Lord: “Behold, I will plead your case and take vengeance for you. I will dry up her sea and make her springs dry.
37Babylon shall become a heap, A dwelling place for jackals, An astonishment and a hissing, Without an inhabitant.
38They shall roar together like lions, They shall growl like lions’ whelps.
39In their excitement I will prepare their feasts; I will make them drunk, That they may rejoice, And sleep a perpetual sleep And not awake,” says the Lord.
40“I will bring them down Like lambs to the slaughter, Like rams with male goats.
41“Oh, how Sheshach is taken! Oh, how the praise of the whole earth is seized! How Babylon has become desolate among the nations!
42The sea has come up over Babylon; She is covered with the multitude of its waves.
43Her cities are a desolation, A dry land and a wilderness, A land where no one dwells, Through which no son of man passes.
44I will punish Bel in Babylon, And I will bring out of his mouth what he has swallowed; And the nations shall not stream to him anymore. Yes, the wall of Babylon shall fall.
45“My people, go out of the midst of her! And let everyone deliver himself from the fierce anger of the Lord.
46And lest your heart faint, And you fear for the rumor that will be heard in the land (A rumor will come one year, And after that, in another year A rumor will come, And violence in the land, Ruler against ruler),
47Therefore behold, the days are coming That I will bring judgment on the carved images of Babylon; Her whole land shall be ashamed, And all her slain shall fall in her midst.
48Then the heavens and the earth and all that is in them Shall sing joyously over Babylon; For the plunderers shall come to her from the north,” says the Lord.
49As Babylon has caused the slain of Israel to fall, So at Babylon the slain of all the earth shall fall.
50You who have escaped the sword, Get away! Do not stand still! Remember the Lord afar off, And let Jerusalem come to your mind.
51We are ashamed because we have heard reproach. Shame has covered our faces, For strangers have come into the sanctuaries of the Lord’s house.
52“Therefore behold, the days are coming,” says the Lord, “That I will bring judgment on her carved images, And throughout all her land the wounded shall groan.
53Though Babylon were to mount up to heaven, And though she were to fortify the height of her strength, Yet from Me plunderers would come to her,” says the Lord.
54The sound of a cry comes from Babylon, And great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans,
55Because the Lord is plundering Babylon And silencing her loud voice, Though her waves roar like great waters, And the noise of their voice is uttered,
56Because the plunderer comes against her, against Babylon, And her mighty men are taken. Every one of their bows is broken; For the Lord is the God of recompense, He will surely repay.
57“And I will make drunk Her princes and wise men, Her governors, her deputies, and her mighty men. And they shall sleep a perpetual sleep And not awake,” says the King, Whose name is the Lord of hosts.
58Thus says the Lord of hosts: “The broad walls of Babylon shall be utterly broken, And her high gates shall be burned with fire; The people will labor in vain, And the nations, because of the fire; And they shall be weary.”
59The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, when he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah to Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. And Seraiah was the quartermaster.
60So Jeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that would come upon Babylon, all these words that are written against Babylon.
61And Jeremiah said to Seraiah, “When you arrive in Babylon and see it, and read all these words,
62then you shall say, ‘O Lord, You have spoken against this place to cut it off, so that none shall remain in it, neither man nor beast, but it shall be desolate forever.’
63Now it shall be, when you have finished reading this book, that you shall tie a stone to it and throw it out into the Euphrates.
64Then you shall say, ‘Thus Babylon shall sink and not rise from the catastrophe that I will bring upon her. And they shall be weary.’ ” Thus far are the words of Jeremiah.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 51.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Babylon's doom; God's controversy with her; encouragements from thence to the Israel of God. (1-58). The confirming of this. (59-64).
vv1-58
The particulars of this prophecy are dispersed and interwoven, and the same things left and returned to again. Babylon is abundant in treasures, yet neither her waters nor her wealth shall secure her. Destruction comes when they did not think of it. Wherever we are, in the greatest depths, at the greatest distances, we are to remember the Lord our God; and in the times of the greatest fears and hopes, it is most needful to remember the Lord. The feeling excited by Babylon's fall is the same with the New Testament Babylon, Rev. 18:9,19. The ruin of all who support idolatry, infidelity, and superstition, is needful for the revival of true godliness; and the threatening prophecies of Scripture yield comfort in this view. The great seat of antichristian tyranny, idolatry, and superstition, the persecutor of true Christians, is as certainly doomed to destruction as ancient Babylon. Then will vast multitudes mourn for sin, and seek the Lord. Then will the lost sheep of the house of Israel be brought back to the fold of the good Shepherd, and stray no more. And the exact fulfilment of these ancient prophecies encourages us to faith in all the promises and prophecies of the sacred Scriptures.
vv59-64
This prophecy is sent to Babylon, to the captives there, by Seraiah, who is to read it to his countrymen in captivity. Let them with faith see the end of these threatening powers, and comfort themselves herewith. When we see what this world is, how glittering its shows, and how flattering its proposals, let us read in the book of the Lord that it shall shortly be desolate. The book must be thrown into the river Euphrates. The fall of the New Testament Babylon is thus represented, Rev. 18:21. Those that sink under the weight of God's wrath and curse, sink for ever. Babylon, and every antichrist, will soon sink and rise no more for ever. Let us hope in God's word, and quietly wait for his salvation; then we shall see, but shall not share, the destruction of the wicked.
Key Words
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
הִנֵּה: lo!
עוּר: to wake (literally or figuratively)
רוּחַ: wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions)
שָׁחַת: to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בָּבֶל: Babel (i.e. Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
לִבְנִי: a Libnite or descendants of Libni (collectively)
Cross References
Jeremiah 51Verbatim duplicate of Jeremiah 10:12-16, contrasting God's cosmic power and the Portion of Jacob with futile idols.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
New Testament command to 'come out of her' echoes Jeremiah's call to flee Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
An angel casts a millstone into the sea, mirroring Seraiah throwing the book into Euphrates.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct parallel of the golden cup in Babylon's hand making the earth drunken with her impurities.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The exact prophetic exclamation: 'Babylon is fallen, is fallen,' echoed in Isaiah and later Revelation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
John's Apocalypse borrows this exact imagery of Babylon dwelling on many waters to describe mystical Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The final, permanent desolation of Babylon is typologically applied to New Testament mystical Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The historical fulfillment of Babylon's sudden fall during a night of drunken feasting.
Supported by JFB
The drying up of Babylon's protective waters (Euphrates) to prepare the way for her conquerors.
Supported by JFB
The symbolic sinking of the book in Euphrates typifies mystical Babylon's final, irreversible fall.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God using 'fanners' to winnow and scatter a nation like chaff, emptying her land.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The New Testament call to 'Come out of her, my people' echoes this command to flee.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Babylon represented as the 'head of gold,' matching the splendor of the 'golden cup'.
Supported by JFB
Irony of offering medicinal 'balm' for Babylon's terminal, incurable judgment.
Supported by JFB
Identical phrase: 'the vengeance of the Lord... the vengeance of his temple' for Babylon's crimes.
Supported by JFB
The law of retribution (lex talionis) executed upon Babylon for her violence against God's people.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Babylon as a destructive power or mountain influencing the entire earth, echoed in Revelation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The stouthearted sleep their sleep and the mighty men are unable to lift their hands.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies 'Sheshach' as a cryptogram/atbash name for Babylon, matching Jeremiah's earlier usage.
Supported by JFB
Heaven and earth are called to rejoice over the fall of Babylon in both testaments.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the prophetic decree that Babylon will become completely desolate, uninhabited by man or beast.
Another symbolic prophetic action where Jeremiah breaks a bottle to illustrate irreversible destruction.
Historical precedent of God sending a destructive 'blast' or 'wind' to overthrow an empire.
Supported by JFB
Mystical Babylon's sins and judgment reaching directly up to heaven.
Supported by JFB
God bringing forth His people's righteousness, vindicating them openly in Zion.
Supported by JFB
Parallel of Assyria as God's rod/axe, demonstrating how He uses pagan nations as weapons.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God's cosmic judgment in overthrowing the strength of kingdoms, specifically the horses and riders.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The contrasting of a great, proud, opposing mountain with God's sovereign power to level it.
Supported by JFB
Prophecy of the land of the Chaldeans being reduced to perpetual desolations.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explicit naming of the Medes as the instruments stirred up by God to destroy Babylon.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Harvest and threshing metaphors used to depict the arrival of the time of divine judgment.
Supported by JFB
Babylon's sudden surprise during Belshazzar's feast while praising their idols.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the declaration of Babylon's fall and the judgment on her graven images.
Supported by JFB
The literal fulfillment of Babylon's princes sleeping a perpetual sleep on the night of overthrow.
Supported by JFB
Verbatim parallel of the folk laboring in the very fire and wearying themselves for vanity.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Verbatim echo of "and they shall be weary," which concludes the preceding section of Jeremiah's prophecy.