Daniel2
New King James Version
1Now in the second year of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign, Nebuchadnezzar had dreams; and his spirit was so troubled that his sleep left him.
2Then the king gave the command to call the magicians, the astrologers, the sorcerers, and the Chaldeans to tell the king his dreams. So they came and stood before the king.
3And the king said to them, “I have had a dream, and my spirit is anxious to know the dream.”
4Then the Chaldeans spoke to the king in Aramaic, “O king, live forever! Tell your servants the dream, and we will give the interpretation.”
5The king answered and said to the Chaldeans, “My decision is firm: if you do not make known the dream to me, and its interpretation, you shall be cut in pieces, and your houses shall be made an ash heap.
6However, if you tell the dream and its interpretation, you shall receive from me gifts, rewards, and great honor. Therefore tell me the dream and its interpretation.”
7They answered again and said, “Let the king tell his servants the dream, and we will give its interpretation.”
8The king answered and said, “I know for certain that you would gain time, because you see that my decision is firm:
9if you do not make known the dream to me, there is only one decree for you! For you have agreed to speak lying and corrupt words before me till the time has changed. Therefore tell me the dream, and I shall know that you can give me its interpretation.”
10The Chaldeans answered the king, and said, “There is not a man on earth who can tell the king’s matter; therefore no king, lord, or ruler has ever asked such things of any magician, astrologer, or Chaldean.
11It is a difficult thing that the king requests, and there is no other who can tell it to the king except the gods, whose dwelling is not with flesh.”
12For this reason the king was angry and very furious, and gave the command to destroy all the wise men of Babylon.
13So the decree went out, and they began killing the wise men; and they sought Daniel and his companions, to kill them.
14Then with counsel and wisdom Daniel answered Arioch, the captain of the king’s guard, who had gone out to kill the wise men of Babylon;
15he answered and said to Arioch the king’s captain, “Why is the decree from the king so urgent?” Then Arioch made the decision known to Daniel.
16So Daniel went in and asked the king to give him time, that he might tell the king the interpretation.
17Then Daniel went to his house, and made the decision known to Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, his companions,
18that they might seek mercies from the God of heaven concerning this secret, so that Daniel and his companions might not perish with the rest of the wise men of Babylon.
19Then the secret was revealed to Daniel in a night vision. So Daniel blessed the God of heaven.
20Daniel answered and said: “Blessed be the name of God forever and ever, For wisdom and might are His.
21And He changes the times and the seasons; He removes kings and raises up kings; He gives wisdom to the wise And knowledge to those who have understanding.
22He reveals deep and secret things; He knows what is in the darkness, And light dwells with Him.
23“I thank You and praise You, O God of my fathers; You have given me wisdom and might, And have now made known to me what we asked of You, For You have made known to us the king’s demand.”
24Therefore Daniel went to Arioch, whom the king had appointed to destroy the wise men of Babylon. He went and said thus to him: “Do not destroy the wise men of Babylon; take me before the king, and I will tell the king the interpretation.”
25Then Arioch quickly brought Daniel before the king, and said thus to him, “I have found a man of the captives of Judah, who will make known to the king the interpretation.”
26The king answered and said to Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, “Are you able to make known to me the dream which I have seen, and its interpretation?”
27Daniel answered in the presence of the king, and said, “The secret which the king has demanded, the wise men, the astrologers, the magicians, and the soothsayers cannot declare to the king.
28But there is a God in heaven who reveals secrets, and He has made known to King Nebuchadnezzar what will be in the latter days. Your dream, and the visions of your head upon your bed, were these:
29As for you, O king, thoughts came to your mind while on your bed, about what would come to pass after this; and He who reveals secrets has made known to you what will be.
30But as for me, this secret has not been revealed to me because I have more wisdom than anyone living, but for our sakes who make known the interpretation to the king, and that you may know the thoughts of your heart.
31“You, O king, were watching; and behold, a great image! This great image, whose splendor was excellent, stood before you; and its form was awesome.
32This image’s head was of fine gold, its chest and arms of silver, its belly and thighs of bronze,
33its legs of iron, its feet partly of iron and partly of clay.
34You watched while a stone was cut out without hands, which struck the image on its feet of iron and clay, and broke them in pieces.
35Then the iron, the clay, the bronze, the silver, and the gold were crushed together, and became like chaff from the summer threshing floors; the wind carried them away so that no trace of them was found. And the stone that struck the image became a great mountain and filled the whole earth.
36“This is the dream. Now we will tell the interpretation of it before the king.
37You, O king, are a king of kings. For the God of heaven has given you a kingdom, power, strength, and glory;
38and wherever the children of men dwell, or the beasts of the field and the birds of the heaven, He has given them into your hand, and has made you ruler over them all—you are this head of gold.
39But after you shall arise another kingdom inferior to yours; then another, a third kingdom of bronze, which shall rule over all the earth.
40And the fourth kingdom shall be as strong as iron, inasmuch as iron breaks in pieces and shatters everything; and like iron that crushes, that kingdom will break in pieces and crush all the others.
41Whereas you saw the feet and toes, partly of potter’s clay and partly of iron, the kingdom shall be divided; yet the strength of the iron shall be in it, just as you saw the iron mixed with ceramic clay.
42And as the toes of the feet were partly of iron and partly of clay, so the kingdom shall be partly strong and partly fragile.
43As you saw iron mixed with ceramic clay, they will mingle with the seed of men; but they will not adhere to one another, just as iron does not mix with clay.
44And in the days of these kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever.
45Inasmuch as you saw that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it broke in pieces the iron, the bronze, the clay, the silver, and the gold—the great God has made known to the king what will come to pass after this. The dream is certain, and its interpretation is sure.”
46Then King Nebuchadnezzar fell on his face, prostrate before Daniel, and commanded that they should present an offering and incense to him.
47The king answered Daniel, and said, “Truly your God is the God of gods, the Lord of kings, and a revealer of secrets, since you could reveal this secret.”
48Then the king promoted Daniel and gave him many great gifts; and he made him ruler over the whole province of Babylon, and chief administrator over all the wise men of Babylon.
49Also Daniel petitioned the king, and he set Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego over the affairs of the province of Babylon; but Daniel sat in the gate of the king.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Daniel 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Nebuchadnezzar's dream. (1-13). It is revealed to Daniel. (14-23). He obtains admission to the king. (24-30). The dream and the interpretation. (31-45). Honours to Daniel and his friends. (46-49).
vv1-13
The greatest men are most open to cares and troubles of mind, which disturb their repose in the night, while the sleep of the labouring man is sweet and sound. We know not the uneasiness of many who live in great pomp, and, as others vainly think, in pleasure also. The king said that his learned men must tell him the dream itself, or they should all be put to death as deceivers. Men are more eager to ask as to future events, than to learn the way of salvation or the path of duty; yet foreknowledge of future events increases anxiety and trouble. Those who deceived, by pretending to do what they could not do, were sentenced to death, for not being able to do what they did not pretend to.
vv14-23
Daniel humbly prayed that God would discover to him the king's dream, and the meaning of it. Praying friends are valuable friends; and it well becomes the greatest and best men to desire the prayers of others. Let us show that we value our friends, and their prayers. They were particular in prayer. And whatever we pray for, we can expect nothing but as the gift of God's mercies. God gives us leave in prayer to tell our wants and burdens. Their plea with God was, the peril they were in. The mercy Daniel and his fellows prayed for, was bestowed. The fervent prayers of righteous men avail much. Daniel was thankful to God for making known that to him, which saved the lives of himself and his fellows. How much more should we be thankful to God, for making known the great salvation of the soul to those who are not among the worldly wise and prudent!
vv24-30
Daniel takes away the king's opinion of his magicians and soothsayers. The insufficiency of creatures should drive us to the all-sufficiency of the Creator. There is One who can do that for us, and make known that to us, which none on earth can, particularly the work of redemption, and the secret designs of God's love to us therein. Daniel confirmed the king in his opinion, that the dream was of great consequence, relating to the affairs and changes of this lower world. Let those whom God has highly favoured and honoured, lay aside all opinion of their own wisdom and worthiness, that the Lord alone may be praised for the good they have and do.
Key Words
שְׁנַיִם: two; also (as ordinal) twofold
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
מַלְכוּת: a rule; concretely, a dominion
נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר: Nebukadnetstsar (or -retstsar, or -retstsor), king of Babylon
חָלַם: properly, to bind firmly, i.e. (by implication) to be (causatively to make) plump; also (through the figurative sense of dumbness) to dream
חֲלוֹם: a dream
רוּחַ: wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions)
פָּעַם: to tap, i.e. beat regularly; hence (generally) to impel or agitate
שֵׁנָה: sleep
הָיָה: to exist, i.e. be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
Cross References
Daniel 2The stone cut without hands typifies the Son of man receiving His everlasting kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Nebuchadnezzar's extreme threat of turning houses into dunghills/rubble heaps is repeated here.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Like Joseph before Pharaoh, Daniel disclaims personal wisdom, attributing all revelation to God alone.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Violent dismemberment ('cut in pieces') as a historical form of severe judgment and execution.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Contrasts the magicians' claim that gods don't dwell with flesh with God revealing secrets.
Supported by JFB
God gives universal dominion, including beasts of the field, to Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by JFB
Explicitly connects the 'latter days' with the ultimate setting up of God's eternal kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Expands on the fourth, iron kingdom and its ten toes/horns.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Verbal parallel to 'gaining/redeeming the time' in difficult or evil days.
Supported by JFB
The queen mother recalls Daniel's unique divine illumination, noting the 'spirit of the holy gods'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Daniel's companions by their Hebrew names rather than their Babylonian names.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The four beasts in Daniel's vision correspond to the four metals of Nebuchadnezzar's image.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Daniel explicitly reminds Nebuchadnezzar of his role as the head of gold.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrasts Daniel's superior divine wisdom with the helpless Babylonian magicians.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes the foundational principle that interpretations of troubling dreams belong to God alone.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates the unalterable nature of royal decrees ('one decree') in Persian and Babylonian law.
Supported by JFB
The certain interpretation of the stone breaking the gold, silver, brass, iron, and clay.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Pharaoh's spirit was troubled by dreams, prompting him to call helpless magicians.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Magicians admitting human limitation, pointing to the 'finger of God' or divine agency.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Daniel intervenes to stop Arioch from executing the wise men of Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole