Genesis41
New King James Version
1Then it came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh had a dream; and behold, he stood by the river.
2Suddenly there came up out of the river seven cows, fine looking and fat; and they fed in the meadow.
3Then behold, seven other cows came up after them out of the river, ugly and gaunt, and stood by the other cows on the bank of the river.
4And the ugly and gaunt cows ate up the seven fine looking and fat cows. So Pharaoh awoke.
5He slept and dreamed a second time; and suddenly seven heads of grain came up on one stalk, plump and good.
6Then behold, seven thin heads, blighted by the east wind, sprang up after them.
7And the seven thin heads devoured the seven plump and full heads. So Pharaoh awoke, and indeed, it was a dream.
8Now it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled, and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt and all its wise men. And Pharaoh told them his dreams, but there was no one who could interpret them for Pharaoh.
9Then the chief butler spoke to Pharaoh, saying: “I remember my faults this day.
10When Pharaoh was angry with his servants, and put me in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, both me and the chief baker,
11we each had a dream in one night, he and I. Each of us dreamed according to the interpretation of his own dream.
12Now there was a young Hebrew man with us there, a servant of the captain of the guard. And we told him, and he interpreted our dreams for us; to each man he interpreted according to his own dream.
13And it came to pass, just as he interpreted for us, so it happened. He restored me to my office, and he hanged him.”
14Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him quickly out of the dungeon; and he shaved, changed his clothing, and came to Pharaoh.
15And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I have had a dream, and there is no one who can interpret it. But I have heard it said of you that you can understand a dream, to interpret it.”
16So Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, “It is not in me; God will give Pharaoh an answer of peace.”
17Then Pharaoh said to Joseph: “Behold, in my dream I stood on the bank of the river.
18Suddenly seven cows came up out of the river, fine looking and fat; and they fed in the meadow.
19Then behold, seven other cows came up after them, poor and very ugly and gaunt, such ugliness as I have never seen in all the land of Egypt.
20And the gaunt and ugly cows ate up the first seven, the fat cows.
21When they had eaten them up, no one would have known that they had eaten them, for they were just as ugly as at the beginning. So I awoke.
22Also I saw in my dream, and suddenly seven heads came up on one stalk, full and good.
23Then behold, seven heads, withered, thin, and blighted by the east wind, sprang up after them.
24And the thin heads devoured the seven good heads. So I told this to the magicians, but there was no one who could explain it to me.”
25Then Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dreams of Pharaoh are one; God has shown Pharaoh what He is about to do:
26The seven good cows are seven years, and the seven good heads are seven years; the dreams are one.
27And the seven thin and ugly cows which came up after them are seven years, and the seven empty heads blighted by the east wind are seven years of famine.
28This is the thing which I have spoken to Pharaoh. God has shown Pharaoh what He is about to do.
29Indeed seven years of great plenty will come throughout all the land of Egypt;
30but after them seven years of famine will arise, and all the plenty will be forgotten in the land of Egypt; and the famine will deplete the land.
31So the plenty will not be known in the land because of the famine following, for it will be very severe.
32And the dream was repeated to Pharaoh twice because the thing is established by God, and God will shortly bring it to pass.
33“Now therefore, let Pharaoh select a discerning and wise man, and set him over the land of Egypt.
34Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint officers over the land, to collect one-fifth of the produce of the land of Egypt in the seven plentiful years.
35And let them gather all the food of those good years that are coming, and store up grain under the authority of Pharaoh, and let them keep food in the cities.
36Then that food shall be as a reserve for the land for the seven years of famine which shall be in the land of Egypt, that the land may not perish during the famine.”
37So the advice was good in the eyes of Pharaoh and in the eyes of all his servants.
38And Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can we find such a one as this, a man in whom is the Spirit of God?”
39Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Inasmuch as God has shown you all this, there is no one as discerning and wise as you.
40You shall be over my house, and all my people shall be ruled according to your word; only in regard to the throne will I be greater than you.”
41And Pharaoh said to Joseph, “See, I have set you over all the land of Egypt.”
42Then Pharaoh took his signet ring off his hand and put it on Joseph’s hand; and he clothed him in garments of fine linen and put a gold chain around his neck.
43And he had him ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried out before him, “Bow the knee!” So he set him over all the land of Egypt.
44Pharaoh also said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh, and without your consent no man may lift his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt.”
45And Pharaoh called Joseph’s name Zaphnath-Paaneah. And he gave him as a wife Asenath, the daughter of Poti-Pherah priest of On. So Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt.
46Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt.
47Now in the seven plentiful years the ground brought forth abundantly.
48So he gathered up all the food of the seven years which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities; he laid up in every city the food of the fields which surrounded them.
49Joseph gathered very much grain, as the sand of the sea, until he stopped counting, for it was immeasurable.
50And to Joseph were born two sons before the years of famine came, whom Asenath, the daughter of Poti-Pherah priest of On, bore to him.
51Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: “For God has made me forget all my toil and all my father’s house.”
52And the name of the second he called Ephraim: “For God has caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction.”
53Then the seven years of plenty which were in the land of Egypt ended,
54and the seven years of famine began to come, as Joseph had said. The famine was in all lands, but in all the land of Egypt there was bread.
55So when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread. Then Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph; whatever he says to you, do.”
56The famine was over all the face of the earth, and Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold to the Egyptians. And the famine became severe in the land of Egypt.
57So all countries came to Joseph in Egypt to buy grain, because the famine was severe in all lands.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 41.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Pharaoh's dreams. (1–8). Joseph interprets Pharaoh's dreams. (9–32). Joseph's counsel, He is highly advanced. (33–45). Joseph's children, The beginning of the famine. (46–57).
vv1-8
The means of Joseph's being freed from prison were Pharaoh's dreams, as here related. Now that God no longer speaks to us in that way, it is no matter how little we either heed dreams, or tell them. The telling of foolish dreams can make no better than foolish talk. But these dreams showed that they were sent of God; when he awoke, Pharaoh's spirit was troubled.
vv9-32
God's time for the enlargement of his people is the fittest time. If the chief butler had got Joseph to be released from prison, it is probable he would have gone back to the land of the Hebrews. Then he had neither been so blessed himself, nor such a blessing to his family, as afterwards he proved. Joseph, when introduced to Pharaoh, gives honour to God. Pharaoh had dreamed that he stood upon the bank of the river Nile, and saw the kine, both the fat ones, and the lean ones, come out of the river. Egypt has no rain, but the plenty of the year depends upon the overflowing of the river Nile. See how many ways Providence has of dispensing its gifts; yet our dependence is still the same upon the First Cause, who makes every creature what it is to us, be it rain or river. See to what changes the comforts of this life are subject. We cannot be sure that to-morrow shall be as this day, or next year as this. We must learn how to want, as well as how to abound. Mark the goodness of God in sending the seven years of plenty before those of famine, that provision might be made. The produce of the earth is sometimes more, and sometimes less; yet, take one with another, he that gathers much, has nothing over; and he that gathers little, has no lack, Ex 16:18. And see the perishing nature of our worldly enjoyments. The great harvests of the years of plenty were quite lost, and swallowed up in the years of famine; and that which seemed very much, yet did but just serve to keep the people alive. There is bread which lasts to eternal life, which it is worth while to labour for. They that make the things of this world their good things, will find little pleasure in remembering that they have received them.
vv33-45
Joseph gave good advice to Pharaoh. Fair warning should always be followed by good counsel. God has in his word told us of a day of trial before us, when we shall need all the grace we can have. Now, therefore, provide accordingly. Pharaoh gave Joseph an honourable testimony. He is a man in whom the spirit of God is; and such men ought to be valued. Pharaoh puts upon Joseph marks of honour. He gave him such a name as spoke the value he had for him, Zaphnath-paaneah, “a revealer of secrets.” This preferment of Joseph encourages all to trust in God. Some translate Joseph's new name, “the saviour of the world.” The brightest glories, even of the upper world, are put upon Christ, the highest trust lodged in his hand, and all power given him, both in heaven and earth.
Key Words
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
פַּרְעֹה: Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings
חָלַם: properly, to bind firmly, i.e. (by implication) to be (causatively to make) plump; also (through the figurative sense of dumbness) to dream
עָמַד: to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
יְאֹר: a channel, e.g. a fosse, canal, shaft; specifically the Nile, as the one river of Egypt, including its collateral trenches; also the Tigris, as the main river of Assyria
הִנֵּה: lo!
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
שֶׁבַע: seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
פָּרָה: a heifer
רָעָה: to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)
Cross References
Genesis 41Direct historical fulfillment of Joseph being made lord of Pharaoh's house and ruler of all his substance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Pharaoh's command to go to Joseph matches the Psalmist's description of Joseph's ultimate authority over Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Nebuchadnezzar's troubled spirit and calling of magicians parallel Pharaoh's experience here.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Daniel, like Joseph, disclaims personal wisdom, attributing dream interpretation solely to God.
Supported by JFB
Establishes Joseph's consistent theological conviction that dream interpretations belong to God alone.
Parallels Joseph telling Pharaoh that God in heaven reveals what shall be in the latter days.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The king taking off his signet ring to delegate supreme administrative authority to his chosen deputy.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another instance of transferring the royal signet ring to symbolize supreme authority over a kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph is said to perform the actions because he prophetically declared them.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms the precise historical fulfillment of Joseph's previous interpretations.
The king sent and loosed Joseph, marking his sudden release from prison.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Joseph's testimony that God in heaven is the revealer of secrets.
Illustrates the principle that the Lord God does nothing without revealing His secret to His servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Scripture's commentary on this event, declaring God called for a famine and broke the staff of bread.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Stephen's speech recalling God giving Joseph favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh.
Supported by JFB
Royal honor of riding in the king's chariot with heralds crying out before the exalted official.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jacob blessing Joseph's sons, fulfilling the meaning of Ephraim being fruitful in affliction.
Supported by JFB
The divine calling of the famine upon the land that brought Jacob's sons to Joseph.
Supported by JFB
The destructive nature of the east wind, which dries up healthy vegetation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
An east wind from the wilderness drying up springs and spoiling fruitfulness.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The established class of Egyptian magicians whom Pharaoh summons in vain.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph shaving his beard to appear before Pharaoh contrasts Semitic customs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal echo of the east wind drying up springs and spoiling the fruit of the earth.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the doubling of a vision (done thrice to Peter) to show a matter is established.
Supported by John Calvin
Refers back to Joseph's own doubled dreams, which similarly proved the certainty of God's purpose.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Similar heathen recognition of a Hebrew captive as having the Spirit of the holy gods.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph's actual exercise of the authority given in 41:41 when his brothers come to buy corn.
Supported by JFB
A foreign king giving a Hebrew captive a new name signifying honor and change of status.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Joseph's age of thirty at his manifestation parallel's Jesus' age at the start of His ministry.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The proverbial 'sand of the sea' description for Joseph's massive grain gathering.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The dream hermeneutic of 'are' meaning 'represent' matches Joseph's previous interpretation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Parallels the description of Joshua as 'a man in whom is the spirit' for leadership.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels Daniel's promotion to ruler after interpreting the king's dream by divine wisdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The giving of a gold chain and special vestures as tokens of high royal office.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Wordplay on Ephraim being fruitful and the dry east wind that threatened the region.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Connects Joseph being sent ahead in affliction to being made fruitful and ruling Egypt.
Supported by JFB