Genesis41
New Living Translation
1Two full years later, Pharaoh dreamed that he was standing on the bank of the Nile River.
2In his dream he saw seven fat, healthy cows come up out of the river and begin grazing in the marsh grass.
3Then he saw seven more cows come up behind them from the Nile, but these were scrawny and thin. These cows stood beside the fat cows on the riverbank.
4Then the scrawny, thin cows ate the seven healthy, fat cows! At this point in the dream, Pharaoh woke up.
5But he fell asleep again and had a second dream. This time he saw seven heads of grain, plump and beautiful, growing on a single stalk.
6Then seven more heads of grain appeared, but these were shriveled and withered by the east wind.
7And these thin heads swallowed up the seven plump, well-formed heads! Then Pharaoh woke up again and realized it was a dream.
8The next morning Pharaoh was very disturbed by the dreams. So he called for all the magicians and wise men of Egypt. When Pharaoh told them his dreams, not one of them could tell him what they meant.
9Finally, the king’s chief cup-bearer spoke up. “Today I have been reminded of my failure,” he told Pharaoh.
10“Some time ago, you were angry with the chief baker and me, and you imprisoned us in the palace of the captain of the guard.
11One night the chief baker and I each had a dream, and each dream had its own meaning.
12There was a young Hebrew man with us in the prison who was a slave of the captain of the guard. We told him our dreams, and he told us what each of our dreams meant.
13And everything happened just as he had predicted. I was restored to my position as cup-bearer, and the chief baker was executed and impaled on a pole.”
14Pharaoh sent for Joseph at once, and he was quickly brought from the prison. After he shaved and changed his clothes, he went in and stood before Pharaoh.
15Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream last night, and no one here can tell me what it means. But I have heard that when you hear about a dream you can interpret it.”
16“It is beyond my power to do this,” Joseph replied. “But God can tell you what it means and set you at ease.”
17So Pharaoh told Joseph his dream. “In my dream,” he said, “I was standing on the bank of the Nile River,
18and I saw seven fat, healthy cows come up out of the river and begin grazing in the marsh grass.
19But then I saw seven sick-looking cows, scrawny and thin, come up after them. I’ve never seen such sorry-looking animals in all the land of Egypt.
20These thin, scrawny cows ate the seven fat cows.
21But afterward you wouldn’t have known it, for they were still as thin and scrawny as before! Then I woke up.
22“In my dream I also saw seven heads of grain, full and beautiful, growing on a single stalk.
23Then seven more heads of grain appeared, but these were blighted, shriveled, and withered by the east wind.
24And the shriveled heads swallowed the seven healthy heads. I told these dreams to the magicians, but no one could tell me what they mean.”
25Joseph responded, “Both of Pharaoh’s dreams mean the same thing. God is telling Pharaoh in advance what he is about to do.
26The seven healthy cows and the seven healthy heads of grain both represent seven years of prosperity.
27The seven thin, scrawny cows that came up later and the seven thin heads of grain, withered by the east wind, represent seven years of famine.
28“This will happen just as I have described it, for God has revealed to Pharaoh in advance what he is about to do.
29The next seven years will be a period of great prosperity throughout the land of Egypt.
30But afterward there will be seven years of famine so great that all the prosperity will be forgotten in Egypt. Famine will destroy the land.
31This famine will be so severe that even the memory of the good years will be erased.
32As for having two similar dreams, it means that these events have been decreed by God, and he will soon make them happen.
33“Therefore, Pharaoh should find an intelligent and wise man and put him in charge of the entire land of Egypt.
34Then Pharaoh should appoint supervisors over the land and let them collect one-fifth of all the crops during the seven good years.
35Have them gather all the food produced in the good years that are just ahead and bring it to Pharaoh’s storehouses. Store it away, and guard it so there will be food in the cities.
36That way there will be enough to eat when the seven years of famine come to the land of Egypt. Otherwise this famine will destroy the land.”
37Joseph’s suggestions were well received by Pharaoh and his officials.
38So Pharaoh asked his officials, “Can we find anyone else like this man so obviously filled with the spirit of God?”
39Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has revealed the meaning of the dreams to you, clearly no one else is as intelligent or wise as you are.
40You will be in charge of my court, and all my people will take orders from you. Only I, sitting on my throne, will have a rank higher than yours.”
41Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I hereby put you in charge of the entire land of Egypt.”
42Then Pharaoh removed his signet ring from his hand and placed it on Joseph’s finger. He dressed him in fine linen clothing and hung a gold chain around his neck.
43Then he had Joseph ride in the chariot reserved for his second-in-command. And wherever Joseph went, the command was shouted, “Kneel down!” So Pharaoh put Joseph in charge of all Egypt.
44And Pharaoh said to him, “I am Pharaoh, but no one will lift a hand or foot in the entire land of Egypt without your approval.”
45Then Pharaoh gave Joseph a new Egyptian name, Zaphenath-paneah. He also gave him a wife, whose name was Asenath. She was the daughter of Potiphera, the priest of On. So Joseph took charge of the entire land of Egypt.
46He was thirty years old when he began serving in the court of Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. And when Joseph left Pharaoh’s presence, he inspected the entire land of Egypt.
47As predicted, for seven years the land produced bumper crops.
48During those years, Joseph gathered all the crops grown in Egypt and stored the grain from the surrounding fields in the cities.
49He piled up huge amounts of grain like sand on the seashore. Finally, he stopped keeping records because there was too much to measure.
50During this time, before the first of the famine years, two sons were born to Joseph and his wife, Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, the priest of On.
51Joseph named his older son Manasseh, for he said, “God has made me forget all my troubles and everyone in my father’s family.”
52Joseph named his second son Ephraim, for he said, “God has made me fruitful in this land of my grief.”
53At last the seven years of bumper crops throughout the land of Egypt came to an end.
54Then the seven years of famine began, just as Joseph had predicted. The famine also struck all the surrounding countries, but throughout Egypt there was plenty of food.
55Eventually, however, the famine spread throughout the land of Egypt as well. And when the people cried out to Pharaoh for food, he told them, “Go to Joseph, and do whatever he tells you.”
56So with severe famine everywhere, Joseph opened up the storehouses and distributed grain to the Egyptians, for the famine was severe throughout the land of Egypt.
57And people from all around came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph because the famine was severe throughout the world.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 41.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Pharaoh's dreams. (1–8). Joseph interprets Pharaoh's dreams. (9–32). Joseph's counsel, He is highly advanced. (33–45). Joseph's children, The beginning of the famine. (46–57).
vv1-8
The means of Joseph's being freed from prison were Pharaoh's dreams, as here related. Now that God no longer speaks to us in that way, it is no matter how little we either heed dreams, or tell them. The telling of foolish dreams can make no better than foolish talk. But these dreams showed that they were sent of God; when he awoke, Pharaoh's spirit was troubled.
vv9-32
God's time for the enlargement of his people is the fittest time. If the chief butler had got Joseph to be released from prison, it is probable he would have gone back to the land of the Hebrews. Then he had neither been so blessed himself, nor such a blessing to his family, as afterwards he proved. Joseph, when introduced to Pharaoh, gives honour to God. Pharaoh had dreamed that he stood upon the bank of the river Nile, and saw the kine, both the fat ones, and the lean ones, come out of the river. Egypt has no rain, but the plenty of the year depends upon the overflowing of the river Nile. See how many ways Providence has of dispensing its gifts; yet our dependence is still the same upon the First Cause, who makes every creature what it is to us, be it rain or river. See to what changes the comforts of this life are subject. We cannot be sure that to-morrow shall be as this day, or next year as this. We must learn how to want, as well as how to abound. Mark the goodness of God in sending the seven years of plenty before those of famine, that provision might be made. The produce of the earth is sometimes more, and sometimes less; yet, take one with another, he that gathers much, has nothing over; and he that gathers little, has no lack, Ex 16:18. And see the perishing nature of our worldly enjoyments. The great harvests of the years of plenty were quite lost, and swallowed up in the years of famine; and that which seemed very much, yet did but just serve to keep the people alive. There is bread which lasts to eternal life, which it is worth while to labour for. They that make the things of this world their good things, will find little pleasure in remembering that they have received them.
vv33-45
Joseph gave good advice to Pharaoh. Fair warning should always be followed by good counsel. God has in his word told us of a day of trial before us, when we shall need all the grace we can have. Now, therefore, provide accordingly. Pharaoh gave Joseph an honourable testimony. He is a man in whom the spirit of God is; and such men ought to be valued. Pharaoh puts upon Joseph marks of honour. He gave him such a name as spoke the value he had for him, Zaphnath-paaneah, “a revealer of secrets.” This preferment of Joseph encourages all to trust in God. Some translate Joseph's new name, “the saviour of the world.” The brightest glories, even of the upper world, are put upon Christ, the highest trust lodged in his hand, and all power given him, both in heaven and earth.
Key Words
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
פַּרְעֹה: Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings
חָלַם: properly, to bind firmly, i.e. (by implication) to be (causatively to make) plump; also (through the figurative sense of dumbness) to dream
עָמַד: to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
יְאֹר: a channel, e.g. a fosse, canal, shaft; specifically the Nile, as the one river of Egypt, including its collateral trenches; also the Tigris, as the main river of Assyria
הִנֵּה: lo!
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
שֶׁבַע: seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
פָּרָה: a heifer
רָעָה: to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)
Cross References
Genesis 41Direct historical fulfillment of Joseph being made lord of Pharaoh's house and ruler of all his substance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Pharaoh's command to go to Joseph matches the Psalmist's description of Joseph's ultimate authority over Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Nebuchadnezzar's troubled spirit and calling of magicians parallel Pharaoh's experience here.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Daniel, like Joseph, disclaims personal wisdom, attributing dream interpretation solely to God.
Supported by JFB
Establishes Joseph's consistent theological conviction that dream interpretations belong to God alone.
Parallels Joseph telling Pharaoh that God in heaven reveals what shall be in the latter days.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The king taking off his signet ring to delegate supreme administrative authority to his chosen deputy.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another instance of transferring the royal signet ring to symbolize supreme authority over a kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph is said to perform the actions because he prophetically declared them.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms the precise historical fulfillment of Joseph's previous interpretations.
The king sent and loosed Joseph, marking his sudden release from prison.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Joseph's testimony that God in heaven is the revealer of secrets.
Illustrates the principle that the Lord God does nothing without revealing His secret to His servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Scripture's commentary on this event, declaring God called for a famine and broke the staff of bread.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Stephen's speech recalling God giving Joseph favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh.
Supported by JFB
Royal honor of riding in the king's chariot with heralds crying out before the exalted official.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jacob blessing Joseph's sons, fulfilling the meaning of Ephraim being fruitful in affliction.
Supported by JFB
The divine calling of the famine upon the land that brought Jacob's sons to Joseph.
Supported by JFB
The destructive nature of the east wind, which dries up healthy vegetation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
An east wind from the wilderness drying up springs and spoiling fruitfulness.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The established class of Egyptian magicians whom Pharaoh summons in vain.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph shaving his beard to appear before Pharaoh contrasts Semitic customs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal echo of the east wind drying up springs and spoiling the fruit of the earth.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the doubling of a vision (done thrice to Peter) to show a matter is established.
Supported by John Calvin
Refers back to Joseph's own doubled dreams, which similarly proved the certainty of God's purpose.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Similar heathen recognition of a Hebrew captive as having the Spirit of the holy gods.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph's actual exercise of the authority given in 41:41 when his brothers come to buy corn.
Supported by JFB
A foreign king giving a Hebrew captive a new name signifying honor and change of status.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Joseph's age of thirty at his manifestation parallel's Jesus' age at the start of His ministry.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The proverbial 'sand of the sea' description for Joseph's massive grain gathering.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The dream hermeneutic of 'are' meaning 'represent' matches Joseph's previous interpretation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Parallels the description of Joshua as 'a man in whom is the spirit' for leadership.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels Daniel's promotion to ruler after interpreting the king's dream by divine wisdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The giving of a gold chain and special vestures as tokens of high royal office.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Wordplay on Ephraim being fruitful and the dry east wind that threatened the region.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Connects Joseph being sent ahead in affliction to being made fruitful and ruling Egypt.
Supported by JFB