Ezekiel17
New Living Translation
1Then this message came to me from the Lord:
2“Son of man, give this riddle, and tell this story to the people of Israel.
3Give them this message from the Sovereign Lord: “A great eagle with broad wings and long feathers, covered with many-colored plumage, came to Lebanon. He seized the top of a cedar tree
4and plucked off its highest branch. He carried it away to a city filled with merchants. He planted it in a city of traders.
5He also took a seedling from the land and planted it in fertile soil. He placed it beside a broad river, where it could grow like a willow tree.
6It took root there and grew into a low, spreading vine. Its branches turned up toward the eagle, and its roots grew down into the ground. It produced strong branches and put out shoots.
7But then another great eagle came with broad wings and full plumage. So the vine now sent its roots and branches toward him for water,
8even though it was already planted in good soil and had plenty of water so it could grow into a splendid vine and produce rich leaves and luscious fruit.
9“So now the Sovereign Lord asks: Will this vine grow and prosper? No! I will pull it up, roots and all! I will cut off its fruit and let its leaves wither and die. I will pull it up easily without a strong arm or a large army.
10But when the vine is transplanted, will it thrive? No, it will wither away when the east wind blows against it. It will die in the same good soil where it had grown so well.”
11Then this message came to me from the Lord:
12“Say to these rebels of Israel: Don’t you understand the meaning of this riddle of the eagles? The king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, took away her king and princes, and brought them to Babylon.
13He made a treaty with a member of the royal family and forced him to take an oath of loyalty. He also exiled Israel’s most influential leaders,
14so Israel would not become strong again and revolt. Only by keeping her treaty with Babylon could Israel survive.
15“Nevertheless, this man of Israel’s royal family rebelled against Babylon, sending ambassadors to Egypt to request a great army and many horses. Can Israel break her sworn treaties like that and get away with it?
16No! For as surely as I live, says the Sovereign Lord, the king of Israel will die in Babylon, the land of the king who put him in power and whose treaty he disregarded and broke.
17Pharaoh and all his mighty army will fail to help Israel when the king of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem again and destroys many lives.
18For the king of Israel disregarded his treaty and broke it after swearing to obey; therefore, he will not escape.
19“So this is what the Sovereign Lord says: As surely as I live, I will punish him for breaking my covenant and disregarding the solemn oath he made in my name.
20I will throw my net over him and capture him in my snare. I will bring him to Babylon and put him on trial for this treason against me.
21And all his best warriors will be killed in battle, and those who survive will be scattered to the four winds. Then you will know that I, the Lord, have spoken.
22“This is what the Sovereign Lord says: I will take a branch from the top of a tall cedar, and I will plant it on the top of Israel’s highest mountain.
23It will become a majestic cedar, sending forth its branches and producing seed. Birds of every sort will nest in it, finding shelter in the shade of its branches.
24And all the trees will know that it is I, the Lord, who cuts the tall tree down and makes the short tree grow tall. It is I who makes the green tree wither and gives the dead tree new life. I, the Lord, have spoken, and I will do what I said!”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: A parable relative to the Jewish nation. (1-10). to which an explanation is added. (11-21). A direct promise of the Messiah. (22-24).
vv1-10
Mighty conquerors are aptly likened to birds or beasts of prey, but their destructive passions are overruled to forward God's designs. Those who depart from God, only vary their crimes by changing one carnal confidence for another, and never will prosper.
vv11-21
The parable is explained, and the particulars of the history of the Jewish nation at that time may be traced. Zedekiah had been ungrateful to his benefactor, which is a sin against God. In every solemn oath, God is appealed to as a witness of the sincerity of him that swears. Truth is a debt owing to all men. If the professors of the true religion deal treacherously with those of a false religion, their profession makes their sin the worse; and God will the more surely and severely punish it. The Lord will not hold those guiltless who take his name in vain; and no man shall escape the righteous judgment of God who dies under unrepented guilt.
vv22-24
The unbelief of man shall not make the promise of God of none effect. The parable of a tree, used in the threatening, is here presented in the promise. It appears only applicable to Jesus, the Son of David, the Messiah of God. The kingdom of Satan, which has borne so long, so large a sway, shall be broken, and the kingdom of Christ, which was looked upon with contempt, shall be established. Blessed be God, our Redeemer is seen even by the ends of the earth. We may find refuge from the wrath to come, and from every enemy and danger, under his shadow; and believers are fruitful in him.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אָדָם: ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
חוּד: properly, to tie a knot, i.e. (figuratively) to propound a riddle
חִידָה: a puzzle, hence, a trick, conundrum, sententious maxim
מָשַׁל: to liken, i.e. (transitively) to use figurative language (an allegory, adage, song or the like); intransitively, to resemble
מָשָׁל: properly, a pithy maxim, usually of metaphorical nature; hence, a simile (as an adage, poem, discourse)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
Cross References
Ezekiel 17Historical record of Zedekiah's rebellion and breaking the oath he made by God to Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills the metaphor of the vine bending roots to Egypt, seeking Pharaoh's military intervention.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Messianic prophecy of the tender branch/rod from the stem of Jesse, corresponding to Ezekiel's cedar twig.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The promise of raising to David a righteous Branch, matching the planting of the tender high cedar twig.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Christ's mustard seed parable echoes the birds dwelling under the shadow of the great cedar's branches.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Jeremiah also depicts the king of Babylon as an eagle flying swiftly over his prey.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical account of Nebuchadnezzar making Mattaniah (Zedekiah) king over Judea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The destructive east wind that dries up the vine's spring and water source.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the descriptive language of Egypt being reduced to a base, low-stature kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Records Zedekiah being bound in chains and brought to Babylon, where he died as prophesied.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Ezekiel's earlier metaphor of spreading His net upon Zedekiah, who is taken to Babylon.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The capture of Jerusalem, Jehoiachin, and the elites, matching the eagle cropping the cedar's top.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Illustrates the rapid growth of the willow tree beside abundant flowing waters.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The prophet's own literal explanation of the second eagle as Zedekiah sending ambassadors to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Concretely identifies Nebuchadnezzar setting up Zedekiah as king in place of Coniah (Jehoiachin).
Supported by John Calvin
Prophetic warning of God's curse consuming the house of whoever swears falsely by His name.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Lamentations refers to the captured king as the breath of our nostrils taken in their pits.
Supported by JFB
The cosmic tree metaphor, where beasts find shadow and birds dwell in its boughs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ezekiel uses the same image of a towering Assyrian cedar with high top branches.
Supported by JFB
Sparing no words for those who swear falsely and make covenants with empty oaths.
Supported by John Calvin
Law forbidding Israel's king to multiply horses or cause the people to return to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The mountain of the height of Israel is identified as God's holy mountain of worship.
Supported by JFB