Hosea10
New Living Translation
1How prosperous Israel is— a luxuriant vine loaded with fruit. But the richer the people get, the more pagan altars they build. The more bountiful their harvests, the more beautiful their sacred pillars.
2The hearts of the people are fickle; they are guilty and must be punished. The Lord will break down their altars and smash their sacred pillars.
3Then they will say, “We have no king because we didn’t fear the Lord. But even if we had a king, what could he do for us anyway?”
4They spout empty words and make covenants they don’t intend to keep. So injustice springs up among them like poisonous weeds in a farmer’s field.
5The people of Samaria tremble in fear for their calf idol at Beth-aven, and they mourn for it. Though its priests rejoice over it, its glory will be stripped away.
6This idol will be carted away to Assyria, a gift to the great king there. Ephraim will be ridiculed and Israel will be shamed, because its people have trusted in this idol.
7Samaria and its king will be cut off; they will float away like driftwood on an ocean wave.
8And the pagan shrines of Aven, the place of Israel’s sin, will crumble. Thorns and thistles will grow up around their altars. They will beg the mountains, “Bury us!” and plead with the hills, “Fall on us!”
9The Lord says, “O Israel, ever since Gibeah, there has been only sin and more sin! You have made no progress whatsoever. Was it not right that the wicked men of Gibeah were attacked?
10Now whenever it fits my plan, I will attack you, too. I will call out the armies of the nations to punish you for your multiplied sins.
11“Israel is like a trained heifer treading out the grain— an easy job she loves. But I will put a heavy yoke on her tender neck. I will force Judah to pull the plow and Israel to break up the hard ground.
12I said, ‘Plant the good seeds of righteousness, and you will harvest a crop of love. Plow up the hard ground of your hearts, for now is the time to seek the Lord, that he may come and shower righteousness upon you.’
13“But you have cultivated wickedness and harvested a thriving crop of sins. You have eaten the fruit of lies— trusting in your military might, believing that great armies could make your nation safe.
14Now the terrors of war will rise among your people. All your fortifications will fall, just as when Shalman destroyed Beth-arbel. Even mothers and children were dashed to death there.
15You will share that fate, Bethel, because of your great wickedness. When the day of judgment dawns, the king of Israel will be completely destroyed.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Hosea 10.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The idolatry of Israel. (1-8). They are exhorted to repentance. (9-15).
vv1-8
A vine is only valuable for its fruit; but Israel now brought no fruit to perfection. Their hearts were divided. God is the Sovereign of the heart; he will have all, or none. Were the stream of the heart wholly after God, it would run strongly, and bear down all before it. Their pretences to covenant with God were false. Even the proceeding of justice was as poisonous hemlock. Alas, how empty a vine is the visible church even at this day! But all earthly prosperity is but a collection of bubbles, soon destroyed like foam upon the water. Sinners will in vain seek shelter from that Judge, whom they now despise as a Saviour.
vv9-15
Because God does not desire the death and ruin of sinners, therefore in mercy he desires their chastisement. The children of iniquity still remained in Israel. The enemies would be gathered against them. It is just with God to make those know what hardships mean, who indulge themselves in ease and pleasure. Let them cleanse their hearts from all corrupt affections and lusts, and be a broken and contrite spirit. Let them abound in works of piety towards God, and of justice and charity towards one another: herein let them sow to the Spirit. Seeking the Lord is to be every day's work, but there are special occasions when to seek him. Christ shall come as the Lord our righteousness, and grant us of it abundantly. If we sow in righteousness, we shall reap according to mercy; a reward not of debt, but of grace. Even the gains of sin yield the sinner no satisfaction. As our comforts, so our confidences in the service of sin will certainly fail us. Come and seek the Lord, and thy hope in him shall not deceive thee. See what cruel work war makes. Whatever mischief is done, it is sin that does it. What miseries men's sins bring on them, even in this world!
Key Words
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
בָּקַק: to pour out, i.e. to empty, figuratively, to depopulate; by analogy, to spread out (as a fruitful vine)
גֶּפֶן: a vine (as twining), especially the grape
שָׁוָה: properly, to level, i.e. equalize; figuratively, to resemble; by implication, to adjust (i.e. counterbalance, be suitable, compose, place, yield, etc.)
פְּרִי: fruit (literally or figuratively)
רֹב: abundance (in any respect)
מִזְבֵּחַ: an altar
רָבָה: to increase (in whatever respect)
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
טוֹב: good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good or good thing, a good man or woman; the good, goods or good things, good men or women), also as an adverb (well)
Cross References
Hosea 10Direct verbal echo of 'say to the mountains, Fall on us' during final cosmic judgment.
Supported by JFB
Jesus directly cites this verse ('say to the mountains, Fall on us') regarding Jerusalem's doom.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the proverbial metaphor of judgment springing up like poisonous hemlock/wormwood in plowed furrows.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Textual background linking false swearing and covenant breaking to a root bearing gall and wormwood.
Supported by JFB
Direct verbal echo connecting Israel's deep corruption to the historical outrage at Gibeah.
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Verbal match: 'Break up your fallow ground,' emphasizing repentance before sowing spiritual seed.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallels the metaphor of Israel as a vine failing to yield fruit to God.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates the 'divided heart' that wavers between Yahweh and Baalism.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament parallel explaining that a divided heart cannot serve two masters.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Exposes Bethel's degradation by contemptuously renaming it Beth-aven ('house of vanity/iniquity').
Supported by JFB
Identifies King Jareb of Assyria, to whom Ephraim sent tribute, as their false protector.
Supported by JFB
The concrete historical account of the gross crime at Gibeah referenced in verse 9.
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Parallels the image of empty, plundered vines ruined by external invaders.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Matches God's active, judicial 'desire' to chastise His disobedient people.
Supported by JFB
Theological fulfillment of the harvest principle: sowing in righteousness versus reaping corruption.
Supported by Matthew Henry