Luke23
New Living Translation
1Then the entire council took Jesus to Pilate, the Roman governor.
2They began to state their case: “This man has been leading our people astray by telling them not to pay their taxes to the Roman government and by claiming he is the Messiah, a king.”
3So Pilate asked him, “Are you the king of the Jews?” Jesus replied, “You have said it.”
4Pilate turned to the leading priests and to the crowd and said, “I find nothing wrong with this man!”
5Then they became insistent. “But he is causing riots by his teaching wherever he goes—all over Judea, from Galilee to Jerusalem!”
6“Oh, is he a Galilean?” Pilate asked.
7When they said that he was, Pilate sent him to Herod Antipas, because Galilee was under Herod’s jurisdiction, and Herod happened to be in Jerusalem at the time.
8Herod was delighted at the opportunity to see Jesus, because he had heard about him and had been hoping for a long time to see him perform a miracle.
9He asked Jesus question after question, but Jesus refused to answer.
10Meanwhile, the leading priests and the teachers of religious law stood there shouting their accusations.
11Then Herod and his soldiers began mocking and ridiculing Jesus. Finally, they put a royal robe on him and sent him back to Pilate.
12(Herod and Pilate, who had been enemies before, became friends that day.)
13Then Pilate called together the leading priests and other religious leaders, along with the people,
14and he announced his verdict. “You brought this man to me, accusing him of leading a revolt. I have examined him thoroughly on this point in your presence and find him innocent.
15Herod came to the same conclusion and sent him back to us. Nothing this man has done calls for the death penalty.
16So I will have him flogged, and then I will release him.”
17
18Then a mighty roar rose from the crowd, and with one voice they shouted, “Kill him, and release Barabbas to us!”
19(Barabbas was in prison for taking part in an insurrection in Jerusalem against the government, and for murder.)
20Pilate argued with them, because he wanted to release Jesus.
21But they kept shouting, “Crucify him! Crucify him!”
22For the third time he demanded, “Why? What crime has he committed? I have found no reason to sentence him to death. So I will have him flogged, and then I will release him.”
23But the mob shouted louder and louder, demanding that Jesus be crucified, and their voices prevailed.
24So Pilate sentenced Jesus to die as they demanded.
25As they had requested, he released Barabbas, the man in prison for insurrection and murder. But he turned Jesus over to them to do as they wished.
26As they led Jesus away, a man named Simon, who was from Cyrene, happened to be coming in from the countryside. The soldiers seized him and put the cross on him and made him carry it behind Jesus.
27A large crowd trailed behind, including many grief-stricken women.
28But Jesus turned and said to them, “Daughters of Jerusalem, don’t weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children.
29For the days are coming when they will say, ‘Fortunate indeed are the women who are childless, the wombs that have not borne a child and the breasts that have never nursed.’
30People will beg the mountains, ‘Fall on us,’ and plead with the hills, ‘Bury us.’
31For if these things are done when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”
32Two others, both criminals, were led out to be executed with him.
33When they came to a place called The Skull, they nailed him to the cross. And the criminals were also crucified—one on his right and one on his left.
34Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing.” And the soldiers gambled for his clothes by throwing dice.
35The crowd watched and the leaders scoffed. “He saved others,” they said, “let him save himself if he is really God’s Messiah, the Chosen One.”
36The soldiers mocked him, too, by offering him a drink of sour wine.
37They called out to him, “If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!”
38A sign was fastened above him with these words: “This is the King of the Jews.”
39One of the criminals hanging beside him scoffed, “So you’re the Messiah, are you? Prove it by saving yourself—and us, too, while you’re at it!”
40But the other criminal protested, “Don’t you fear God even when you have been sentenced to die?
41We deserve to die for our crimes, but this man hasn’t done anything wrong.”
42Then he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your Kingdom.”
43And Jesus replied, “I assure you, today you will be with me in paradise.”
44By this time it was about noon, and darkness fell across the whole land until three o’clock.
45The light from the sun was gone. And suddenly, the curtain in the sanctuary of the Temple was torn down the middle.
46Then Jesus shouted, “Father, I entrust my spirit into your hands!” And with those words he breathed his last.
47When the Roman officer overseeing the execution saw what had happened, he worshiped God and said, “Surely this man was innocent.”
48And when all the crowd that came to see the crucifixion saw what had happened, they went home in deep sorrow.
49But Jesus’ friends, including the women who had followed him from Galilee, stood at a distance watching.
50Now there was a good and righteous man named Joseph. He was a member of the Jewish high council,
51but he had not agreed with the decision and actions of the other religious leaders. He was from the town of Arimathea in Judea, and he was waiting for the Kingdom of God to come.
52He went to Pilate and asked for Jesus’ body.
53Then he took the body down from the cross and wrapped it in a long sheet of linen cloth and laid it in a new tomb that had been carved out of rock.
54This was done late on Friday afternoon, the day of preparation, as the Sabbath was about to begin.
55As his body was taken away, the women from Galilee followed and saw the tomb where his body was placed.
56Then they went home and prepared spices and ointments to anoint his body. But by the time they were finished the Sabbath had begun, so they rested as required by the law.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 23.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Christ before Pilate. (1–5). Christ before Herod. (6–12). Barabbas preferred to Christ. (13–25). Christ speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem. (26–31). The crucifixion, The repentant malefactor. (32–43). The death of Christ. (44–49). The burial of Christ. (50–56).
vv1-5
Pilate well understood the difference between armed forces and our Lord's followers. But instead of being softened by Pilate's declaration of his innocence, and considering whether they were not bringing the guilt of innocent blood upon themselves, the Jews were the more angry. The Lord brings his designs to a glorious end, even by means of those who follow the devices of their own hearts. Thus all parties joined, so as to prove the innocence of Jesus, who was the atoning sacrifice for our sins.
vv6-12
Herod had heard many things of Jesus in Galilee, and out of curiosity longed to see him. The poorest beggar that asked a miracle for the relief of his necessity, was never denied; but this proud prince, who asked for a miracle only to gratify his curiosity, is refused. He might have seen Christ and his wondrous works in Galilee, and would not, therefore it is justly said, Now he would see them, and shall not. Herod sent Christ again to Pilate: the friendships of wicked men are often formed by union in wickedness. They agree in little, except in enmity to God, and contempt of Christ.
vv13-25
The fear of man brings many into this snare, that they will do an unjust thing, against their consciences, rather than get into trouble. Pilate declares Jesus innocent, and has a mind to release him; yet, to please the people, he would punish him as an evil-doer. If no fault be found in him, why chastise him? Pilate yielded at length; he had not courage to go against so strong a stream. He delivered Jesus to their will, to be crucified.
Key Words
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἅπας (hápas): absolutely all or (singular) every one
πλῆθος (plēthos): a fulness, i.e. a large number, throng, populace
αὐτός (autós): the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἀνίστημι (anístēmi): to stand up (literal or figurative, transitive or intransitive)
ἄγω (ágō): properly, to lead; by implication, to bring, drive, (reflexively) go, (specially) pass (time), or (figuratively) induce
ἐπί (epí): properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e. over, upon, etc.; of rest (with the dative case) at, on, etc.; of direction (with the accusative case) towards, upon, etc.
Πιλᾶτος (Pilâtos): close-pressed, i.e. firm; Pilatus, a Roman
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
ἄρχομαι (árchomai): to commence (in order of time)
Cross References
Luke 23Direct prophecy of the despairing cry to the mountains: 'Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us'.
Supported by JFB
Jesus directly quotes these words: 'into thy hands I commend my spirit'.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Herod's curiosity to see Jesus is contrasted with his earlier murderous/crafty designs.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of being numbered/crucified with the transgressors (the two malefactors).
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus stood before Herod and vehemently accused, but answered him nothing, like a silent lamb.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explicit apostolic commentary on the conspiratorial alliance of Herod and Pontius Pilate.
Supported by JFB
Eschatological echo of the desperate cry for rocks and mountains to hide from judgment.
Supported by JFB
Underlying proverb of fire devouring the green tree, showing the severity of God's judgment.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The rulers and people derided, laughed Him to scorn, and shook their heads as prophesied.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfillment of the soldiers offering Him vinegar in mock pity during His thirst.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Harmonizes the supernatural darkness from the sixth to the ninth hour across the synoptic accounts.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Peter's indictment of the crowd for denying the Holy One and desiring a murderer.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The thief testifies that Christ did 'nothing amiss'; Peter affirms He did no sin.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Connects the Lord's promise of 'paradise' to the repentant thief with the Tree of Life.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfillment of making His grave with the rich in His death via Joseph of Arimathea.
Supported by Matthew Henry