Luke22
New Living Translation
1The Festival of Unleavened Bread, which is also called Passover, was approaching.
2The leading priests and teachers of religious law were plotting how to kill Jesus, but they were afraid of the people’s reaction.
3Then Satan entered into Judas Iscariot, who was one of the twelve disciples,
4and he went to the leading priests and captains of the Temple guard to discuss the best way to betray Jesus to them.
5They were delighted, and they promised to give him money.
6So he agreed and began looking for an opportunity to betray Jesus so they could arrest him when the crowds weren’t around.
7Now the Festival of Unleavened Bread arrived, when the Passover lamb is sacrificed.
8Jesus sent Peter and John ahead and said, “Go and prepare the Passover meal, so we can eat it together.”
9“Where do you want us to prepare it?” they asked him.
10He replied, “As soon as you enter Jerusalem, a man carrying a pitcher of water will meet you. Follow him. At the house he enters,
11say to the owner, ‘The Teacher asks: Where is the guest room where I can eat the Passover meal with my disciples?’
12He will take you upstairs to a large room that is already set up. That is where you should prepare our meal.”
13They went off to the city and found everything just as Jesus had said, and they prepared the Passover meal there.
14When the time came, Jesus and the apostles sat down together at the table.
15Jesus said, “I have been very eager to eat this Passover meal with you before my suffering begins.
16For I tell you now that I won’t eat this meal again until its meaning is fulfilled in the Kingdom of God.”
17Then he took a cup of wine and gave thanks to God for it. Then he said, “Take this and share it among yourselves.
18For I will not drink wine again until the Kingdom of God has come.”
19He took some bread and gave thanks to God for it. Then he broke it in pieces and gave it to the disciples, saying, “This is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me.”
20After supper he took another cup of wine and said, “This cup is the new covenant between God and his people—an agreement confirmed with my blood, which is poured out as a sacrifice for you.
21“But here at this table, sitting among us as a friend, is the man who will betray me.
22For it has been determined that the Son of Man must die. But what sorrow awaits the one who betrays him.”
23The disciples began to ask each other which of them would ever do such a thing.
24Then they began to argue among themselves about who would be the greatest among them.
25Jesus told them, “In this world the kings and great men lord it over their people, yet they are called ‘friends of the people.’
26But among you it will be different. Those who are the greatest among you should take the lowest rank, and the leader should be like a servant.
27Who is more important, the one who sits at the table or the one who serves? The one who sits at the table, of course. But not here! For I am among you as one who serves.
28“You have stayed with me in my time of trial.
29And just as my Father has granted me a Kingdom, I now grant you the right
30to eat and drink at my table in my Kingdom. And you will sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
31“Simon, Simon, Satan has asked to sift each of you like wheat.
32But I have pleaded in prayer for you, Simon, that your faith should not fail. So when you have repented and turned to me again, strengthen your brothers.”
33Peter said, “Lord, I am ready to go to prison with you, and even to die with you.”
34But Jesus said, “Peter, let me tell you something. Before the rooster crows tomorrow morning, you will deny three times that you even know me.”
35Then Jesus asked them, “When I sent you out to preach the Good News and you did not have money, a traveler’s bag, or an extra pair of sandals, did you need anything?” “No,” they replied.
36“But now,” he said, “take your money and a traveler’s bag. And if you don’t have a sword, sell your cloak and buy one!
37For the time has come for this prophecy about me to be fulfilled: ‘He was counted among the rebels.’ Yes, everything written about me by the prophets will come true.”
38“Look, Lord,” they replied, “we have two swords among us.” “That’s enough,” he said.
39Then, accompanied by the disciples, Jesus left the upstairs room and went as usual to the Mount of Olives.
40There he told them, “Pray that you will not give in to temptation.”
41He walked away, about a stone’s throw, and knelt down and prayed,
42“Father, if you are willing, please take this cup of suffering away from me. Yet I want your will to be done, not mine.”
43Then an angel from heaven appeared and strengthened him.
44He prayed more fervently, and he was in such agony of spirit that his sweat fell to the ground like great drops of blood.
45At last he stood up again and returned to the disciples, only to find them asleep, exhausted from grief.
46“Why are you sleeping?” he asked them. “Get up and pray, so that you will not give in to temptation.”
47But even as Jesus said this, a crowd approached, led by Judas, one of the twelve disciples. Judas walked over to Jesus to greet him with a kiss.
48But Jesus said, “Judas, would you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?”
49When the other disciples saw what was about to happen, they exclaimed, “Lord, should we fight? We brought the swords!”
50And one of them struck at the high priest’s slave, slashing off his right ear.
51But Jesus said, “No more of this.” And he touched the man’s ear and healed him.
52Then Jesus spoke to the leading priests, the captains of the Temple guard, and the elders who had come for him. “Am I some dangerous revolutionary,” he asked, “that you come with swords and clubs to arrest me?
53Why didn’t you arrest me in the Temple? I was there every day. But this is your moment, the time when the power of darkness reigns.”
54So they arrested him and led him to the high priest’s home. And Peter followed at a distance.
55The guards lit a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat around it, and Peter joined them there.
56A servant girl noticed him in the firelight and began staring at him. Finally she said, “This man was one of Jesus’ followers!”
57But Peter denied it. “Woman,” he said, “I don’t even know him!”
58After a while someone else looked at him and said, “You must be one of them!” “No, man, I’m not!” Peter retorted.
59About an hour later someone else insisted, “This must be one of them, because he is a Galilean, too.”
60But Peter said, “Man, I don’t know what you are talking about.” And immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed.
61At that moment the Lord turned and looked at Peter. Suddenly, the Lord’s words flashed through Peter’s mind: “Before the rooster crows tomorrow morning, you will deny three times that you even know me.”
62And Peter left the courtyard, weeping bitterly.
63The guards in charge of Jesus began mocking and beating him.
64They blindfolded him and said, “Prophesy to us! Who hit you that time?”
65And they hurled all sorts of terrible insults at him.
66At daybreak all the elders of the people assembled, including the leading priests and the teachers of religious law. Jesus was led before this high council,
67and they said, “Tell us, are you the Messiah?” But he replied, “If I tell you, you won’t believe me.
68And if I ask you a question, you won’t answer.
69But from now on the Son of Man will be seated in the place of power at God’s right hand.”
70They all shouted, “So, are you claiming to be the Son of God?” And he replied, “You say that I am.”
71“Why do we need other witnesses?” they said. “We ourselves heard him say it.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 22.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The treachery of Judas. (1–6). The passover. (7–18). The Lord's supper instituted. (19, 20). Christ admonishes the disciples. (21–38). Christ's agony in the garden. (39–46). Christ betrayed. (47–53). The fall of Peter. (54–62). Christ confesses himself to be the Son of God. (63–71).
vv1-6
Christ knew all men, and had wise and holy ends in taking Judas to be a disciple. How he who knew Christ so well, came to betray him, we are here told; Satan entered into Judas. It is hard to say whether more mischief is done to Christ's kingdom, by the power of its open enemies, or by the treachery of its pretended friends; but without the latter, its enemies could not do so much evil as they do.
vv7-18
Christ kept the ordinances of the law, particularly that of the passover, to teach us to observe his gospel institutions, and most of all that of the Lord's supper. Those who go upon Christ's word, need not fear disappointment. According to the orders given them, the disciples got all ready for the passover. Jesus bids this passover welcome. He desired it, though he knew his sufferings would follow, because it was in order to his Father's glory and man's redemption. He takes his leave of all passovers, signifying thereby his doing away all the ordinances of the ceremonial law, of which the passover was one of the earliest and chief. That type was laid aside, because now in the kingdom of God the substance was come.
vv19-20
The Lord's supper is a sign or memorial of Christ already come, who by dying delivered us; his death is in special manner set before us in that ordinance, by which we are reminded of it. The breaking of Christ's body as a sacrifice for us, is therein brought to our remembrance by the breaking of bread. Nothing can be more nourishing and satisfying to the soul, than the doctrine of Christ's making atonement for sin, and the assurance of an interest in that atonement. Therefore we do this in rememberance of what He did for us, when he died for us; and for a memorial of what we do, in joining ourselves to him in an everlasting covenant. The shedding of Christ's blood, by which the atonement was made, is represented by the wine in the cup.
Key Words
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
ἑορτή (heortḗ): a festival
ἄζυμος (ázymos): unleavened, i.e. (figuratively) uncorrupted; (in the neutral plural) specially (by implication) the Passover week
ἐγγίζω (engízō): to make near, i.e. (reflexively) approach
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
πάσχα (páscha): the Passover (the meal, the day, the festival or the special sacrifices connected with it)
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀρχιερεύς (archiereús): the high-priest (literally, of the Jews, typically, Christ); by extension a chief priest
γραμματεύς (grammateús): scribe, town-clerk
ζητέω (zētéō): to seek (literally or figuratively); specially, (by Hebraism) to worship (God), or (in a bad sense) to plot (against life)
Cross References
Luke 22Christ is identified as our true Passover lamb, fulfilling the old covenant type.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Directly quoted by Jesus: 'And he was reckoned among the transgressors,' establishing His substitutionary suffering.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Describes Christ's loud cries and tears during His Gethsemane agony as he was heard in fear.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Direct reference back to Jesus' earlier specific warning to Peter in the same chapter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The tragic climax of Satan's influence on Judas occurs during the Passover meal.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic designation of the cheap price set upon Jesus by the Jewish leaders.
Supported by JFB
The institution of the Lord's Supper fulfills the promise of the New Covenant in Jeremiah.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The blood of the Mosaic covenant types Christ's blood of the New Testament.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Old Testament prophetic background for the betrayer sharing bread at the table with Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels teaching on Gentile rulers exercising lordship versus Christian leadership as service.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels sitting on twelve thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel in the kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallel imagery of "the cup" and Jesus' submission to the Father's will.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Synoptic parallel of the Gethsemane prayer to remove the cup under the Father's will.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct theological match for the "power of darkness" (domain of darkness) mentioned by Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel account of Peter remembering Jesus' words and weeping bitterly.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfilled look of mercy connected to Christ's prayer that Peter's faith would not fail.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Prophetic fulfillment of the Messiah giving His face to shame and spitting.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus' self-designation as 'Son of man' sitting at the right hand of power.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ultimate destiny of the Messiah sitting at the right hand of power.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The preliminary stage of Satan's instigation in Judas's heart before full possession.
Supported by JFB
The foundation of the Passover feast which Jesus here observes and fulfills.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Further description of eating and drinking in the fulfilled kingdom of God.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Matthew's parallel promise of future fellowship in the Father's kingdom.
Supported by JFB
Matthew's parallel account of the institution of the Lord's Supper.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's instruction on the Lord's Supper, reflecting its ongoing remembrance in the Church.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical demonstration of Christ's words: 'I am among you as he that serveth.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal and conceptual echo of the sifting process to separate wheat from chaff.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates Satan's demand to obtain permission to test and afflict God's servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of Christ's charge to Peter to 'strengthen thy brethren' after his restoration.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophetic background for the betrayal price of thirty pieces of silver.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Peter as the swordsman and Malchus as the high priest's servant who was struck.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The direct fulfillment of Jesus' warning that Peter would deny Him three times before the cock crew.
Supported by JFB
Parallel high priest interrogation demanding if He is the Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel confession of the Son of man's future glory and sitting in power.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel account detailing the exact transaction of thirty pieces of silver.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Theological significance of believers participating in Christ's body and blood.
Supported by Matthew Henry