Luke22
New American Standard
1Now the Feast of Unleavened Bread, which is called the Passover, was approaching.
2And the chief priests and the scribes were trying to find a way to put Him to death, since they were afraid of the people.
3And Satan entered Judas, the one called Iscariot, who belonged to the number of the twelve.
4And he left and discussed with the chief priests and officers how he was to betray Him to them.
5And they were delighted, and agreed to give him money.
6And so he consented, and began looking for a good opportunity to betray Him to them away from the crowd.
7Now the first day of Unleavened Bread came, on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed.
8And so Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover for us, so that we may eat it.”
9They said to Him, “Where do You want us to prepare it?”
10And He said to them, “When you have entered the city, a man carrying a pitcher of water will meet you; follow him into the house that he enters.
11And you shall say to the owner of the house, ‘The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room in which I may eat the Passover with My disciples?”’
12And he will show you a large, furnished upstairs room; prepare it there.”
13And they left and found everything just as He had told them; and they prepared the Passover.
14When the hour came, He reclined at the table, and the apostles with Him.
15And He said to them, “I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer;
16for I say to you, I shall not eat it again until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.”
17And when He had taken a cup and given thanks, He said, “Take this and share it among yourselves;
18for I say to you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine from now on until the kingdom of God comes.”
19And when He had taken some bread and given thanks, He broke it and gave it to them, saying, “This is My body, which is being given for you; do this in remembrance of Me.”
20And in the same way He took the cup after they had eaten, saying, “This cup, which is poured out for you, is the new covenant in My blood.
21But behold, the hand of the one betraying Me is with Mine on the table.
22For indeed, the Son of Man is going as it has been determined; but woe to that man by whom He is betrayed!”
23And they began to debate among themselves which one of them it was who was going to do this.
24And a dispute also developed among them as to which one of them was regarded as being the greatest.
25And He said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles domineer over them; and those who have authority over them are called ‘Benefactors.’
26But it is not this way for you; rather, the one who is the greatest among you must become like the youngest, and the leader like the servant.
27For who is greater, the one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines at the table? But I am among you as the one who serves.
28“You are the ones who have stood by Me in My trials;
29and just as My Father has granted Me a kingdom, I grant you
30that you may eat and drink at My table in My kingdom, and you will sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
31“Simon, Simon, behold, Satan has demanded to sift you men like wheat;
32but I have prayed for you, that your faith will not fail; and you, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”
33But he said to Him, “Lord, I am ready to go with You both to prison and to death!”
34But He said, “I tell you, Peter, the rooster will not crow today until you have denied three times that you know Me.”
35And He said to them, “When I sent you out without money belt and bag and sandals, you did not lack anything, did you?” They said, “No, nothing.”
36And He said to them, “But now, whoever has a money belt is to take it along, likewise also a bag, and whoever has no sword is to sell his cloak and buy one.
37For I tell you that this which is written must be fulfilled in Me: ‘And He was counted with wrongdoers’; for that which refers to Me has its fulfillment.”
38They said, “Lord, look, here are two swords.” And He said to them, “It is enough.”
39And He came out and went, as was His habit, to the Mount of Olives; and the disciples also followed Him.
40Now when He arrived at the place, He said to them, “Pray that you do not come into temptation.”
41And He withdrew from them about a stone’s throw, and He knelt down and began to pray,
42saying, “Father, if You are willing, remove this cup from Me; yet not My will, but Yours be done.”
43[Now an angel from heaven appeared to Him, strengthening Him.
44And being in agony, He was praying very fervently; and His sweat became like drops of blood, falling down upon the ground].
45When He rose from prayer, He came to the disciples and found them sleeping from sorrow,
46and He said to them, “Why are you sleeping? Get up and pray that you do not come into temptation.”
47While He was still speaking, behold, a crowd came, and the one called Judas, one of the twelve, was leading the way for them; and he approached Jesus to kiss Him.
48But Jesus said to him, “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?”
49When those who were around Him saw what was going to happen, they said, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?”
50And one of them struck the slave of the high priest and cut off his right ear.
51But Jesus responded and said, “Stop! No more of this.” And He touched his ear and healed him.
52And Jesus said to the chief priests and officers of the temple and elders who had come against Him, “Have you come out with swords and clubs as you would against a man inciting a revolt?
53While I was with you daily in the temple, you did not lay hands on Me; but this hour and the power of darkness are yours.”
54Now they arrested Him and led Him away, and brought Him to the house of the high priest; but Peter was following at a distance.
55After they kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat down together, Peter was sitting among them.
56And a slave woman, seeing him as he sat in the firelight, and staring at him, said, “This man was with Him as well.”
57But he denied it, saying, “I do not know Him, woman!”
58And a little later, another person saw him and said, “You are one of them too!” But Peter said, “Man, I am not!”
59And after about an hour had passed, some other man began to insist, saying, “Certainly this man also was with Him, for he, too, is a Galilean.”
60But Peter said, “Man, I do not know what you are talking about!” And immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed.
61And then the Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how He had told him, “Before a rooster crows today, you will deny Me three times.”
62And he went out and wept bitterly.
63The men who were holding Jesus in custody began mocking Him and beating Him,
64and they blindfolded Him and repeatedly asked Him, saying, “Prophesy, who is the one who hit You?”
65And they were saying many other things against Him, blaspheming.
66When it was day, the Council of elders of the people assembled, both chief priests and scribes, and they led Him away to their council chamber, saying,
67“If You are the Christ, tell us.” But He said to them, “If I tell you, you will not believe;
68and if I ask a question, you will not answer.
69But from now on the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God.”
70And they all said, “So You are the Son of God?” And He said to them, “You say correctly that I am.”
71And then they said, “What further need do we have of testimony? For we have heard it ourselves from His own mouth!”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 22.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The treachery of Judas. (1–6). The passover. (7–18). The Lord's supper instituted. (19, 20). Christ admonishes the disciples. (21–38). Christ's agony in the garden. (39–46). Christ betrayed. (47–53). The fall of Peter. (54–62). Christ confesses himself to be the Son of God. (63–71).
vv1-6
Christ knew all men, and had wise and holy ends in taking Judas to be a disciple. How he who knew Christ so well, came to betray him, we are here told; Satan entered into Judas. It is hard to say whether more mischief is done to Christ's kingdom, by the power of its open enemies, or by the treachery of its pretended friends; but without the latter, its enemies could not do so much evil as they do.
vv7-18
Christ kept the ordinances of the law, particularly that of the passover, to teach us to observe his gospel institutions, and most of all that of the Lord's supper. Those who go upon Christ's word, need not fear disappointment. According to the orders given them, the disciples got all ready for the passover. Jesus bids this passover welcome. He desired it, though he knew his sufferings would follow, because it was in order to his Father's glory and man's redemption. He takes his leave of all passovers, signifying thereby his doing away all the ordinances of the ceremonial law, of which the passover was one of the earliest and chief. That type was laid aside, because now in the kingdom of God the substance was come.
vv19-20
The Lord's supper is a sign or memorial of Christ already come, who by dying delivered us; his death is in special manner set before us in that ordinance, by which we are reminded of it. The breaking of Christ's body as a sacrifice for us, is therein brought to our remembrance by the breaking of bread. Nothing can be more nourishing and satisfying to the soul, than the doctrine of Christ's making atonement for sin, and the assurance of an interest in that atonement. Therefore we do this in rememberance of what He did for us, when he died for us; and for a memorial of what we do, in joining ourselves to him in an everlasting covenant. The shedding of Christ's blood, by which the atonement was made, is represented by the wine in the cup.
Key Words
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
ἑορτή (heortḗ): a festival
ἄζυμος (ázymos): unleavened, i.e. (figuratively) uncorrupted; (in the neutral plural) specially (by implication) the Passover week
ἐγγίζω (engízō): to make near, i.e. (reflexively) approach
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
πάσχα (páscha): the Passover (the meal, the day, the festival or the special sacrifices connected with it)
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀρχιερεύς (archiereús): the high-priest (literally, of the Jews, typically, Christ); by extension a chief priest
γραμματεύς (grammateús): scribe, town-clerk
ζητέω (zētéō): to seek (literally or figuratively); specially, (by Hebraism) to worship (God), or (in a bad sense) to plot (against life)
Cross References
Luke 22Christ is identified as our true Passover lamb, fulfilling the old covenant type.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Directly quoted by Jesus: 'And he was reckoned among the transgressors,' establishing His substitutionary suffering.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Describes Christ's loud cries and tears during His Gethsemane agony as he was heard in fear.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Direct reference back to Jesus' earlier specific warning to Peter in the same chapter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The tragic climax of Satan's influence on Judas occurs during the Passover meal.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic designation of the cheap price set upon Jesus by the Jewish leaders.
Supported by JFB
The institution of the Lord's Supper fulfills the promise of the New Covenant in Jeremiah.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The blood of the Mosaic covenant types Christ's blood of the New Testament.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Old Testament prophetic background for the betrayer sharing bread at the table with Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels teaching on Gentile rulers exercising lordship versus Christian leadership as service.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels sitting on twelve thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel in the kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallel imagery of "the cup" and Jesus' submission to the Father's will.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Synoptic parallel of the Gethsemane prayer to remove the cup under the Father's will.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct theological match for the "power of darkness" (domain of darkness) mentioned by Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel account of Peter remembering Jesus' words and weeping bitterly.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfilled look of mercy connected to Christ's prayer that Peter's faith would not fail.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Prophetic fulfillment of the Messiah giving His face to shame and spitting.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus' self-designation as 'Son of man' sitting at the right hand of power.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ultimate destiny of the Messiah sitting at the right hand of power.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The preliminary stage of Satan's instigation in Judas's heart before full possession.
Supported by JFB
The foundation of the Passover feast which Jesus here observes and fulfills.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Further description of eating and drinking in the fulfilled kingdom of God.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Matthew's parallel promise of future fellowship in the Father's kingdom.
Supported by JFB
Matthew's parallel account of the institution of the Lord's Supper.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's instruction on the Lord's Supper, reflecting its ongoing remembrance in the Church.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical demonstration of Christ's words: 'I am among you as he that serveth.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal and conceptual echo of the sifting process to separate wheat from chaff.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates Satan's demand to obtain permission to test and afflict God's servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of Christ's charge to Peter to 'strengthen thy brethren' after his restoration.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophetic background for the betrayal price of thirty pieces of silver.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Peter as the swordsman and Malchus as the high priest's servant who was struck.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The direct fulfillment of Jesus' warning that Peter would deny Him three times before the cock crew.
Supported by JFB
Parallel high priest interrogation demanding if He is the Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel confession of the Son of man's future glory and sitting in power.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel account detailing the exact transaction of thirty pieces of silver.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Theological significance of believers participating in Christ's body and blood.
Supported by Matthew Henry