Luke22
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1 Now the feast of unleavened bread drew nigh, which is called the Passover.
2 And the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might put him to death; for they feared the people.
3 And Satan entered into Judas who was called Iscariot, being of the number of the twelve.
4 And he went away, and communed with the chief priests and captains, how he might deliver him unto them.
5 And they were glad, and covenanted to give him money.
6 And he consented, and sought opportunity to deliver him unto them in the absence of the multitude.
7 And the day of unleavened bread came, on which the passover must be sacrificed.
8 And he sent Peter and John, saying, Go and make ready for us the passover, that we may eat.
9 And they said unto him, Where wilt thou that we make ready?
10 And he said unto them, Behold, when ye are entered into the city, there shall meet you a man bearing a pitcher of water; follow him into the house whereinto he goeth.
11 And ye shall say unto the master of the house, The Teacher saith unto thee, Where is the guest-chamber, where I shall eat the passover with my disciples?
12 And he will show you a large upper room furnished: there make ready.
13 And they went, and found as he had said unto them: and they made ready the passover.
14 And when the hour was come, he sat down, and the apostles with him.
15 And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer:
16 for I say unto you, I shall not eat it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God.
17 And he received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves:
18 for I say unto you, I shall not drink from henceforth of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come.
19 And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and gave to them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me.
20 And the cup in like manner after supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood, even that which is poured out for you.
21 But behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is with me on the table.
22 For the Son of man indeed goeth, as it hath been determined: but woe unto that man through whom he is betrayed!
23 And they began to question among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing.
24 And there arose also a contention among them, which of them was accounted to be greatest.
25 And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles have lordship over them; and they that have authority over them are called Benefactors.
26 But ye shall not be so: but he that is the greater among you, let him become as the younger; and he that is chief, as he that doth serve.
27 For which is greater, he that sitteth at meat, or he that serveth? is not he that sitteth at meat? but I am in the midst of you as he that serveth.
28 But ye are they that have continued with me in my temptations;
29 and I appoint unto you a kingdom, even as my Father appointed unto me,
30 that ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom; and ye shall sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
31 Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked to have you, that he might sift you as wheat:
32 but I made supplication for thee, that thy faith fail not; and do thou, when once thou hast turned again, establish thy brethren.
33 And he said unto him, Lord, with thee I am ready to go both to prison and to death.
34 And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, until thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me.
35 And he said unto them, When I sent you forth without purse, and wallet, and shoes, lacked ye anything? And they said, Nothing.
36 And he said unto them, But now, he that hath a purse, let him take it, and likewise a wallet; and he that hath none, let him sell his cloak, and buy a sword.
37 For I say unto you, that this which is written must be fulfilled in me, And he was reckoned with transgressors: for that which concerneth me hath fulfilment.
38 And they said, Lord, behold, here are two swords. And he said unto them, It is enough.
39 And he came out, and went, as his custom was, unto the mount of Olives; and the disciples also followed him.
40 And when he was at the place, he said unto them, Pray that ye enter not into temptation.
41 And he was parted from them about a stone’s cast; and he kneeled down and prayed,
42 saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done.
43 And there appeared unto him an angel from heaven, strengthening him.
44 And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly; and his sweat became as it were great drops of blood falling down upon the ground.
45 And when he rose up from his prayer, he came unto the disciples, and found them sleeping for sorrow,
46 and said unto them, Why sleep ye? rise and pray, that ye enter not into temptation.
47 While he yet spake, behold, a multitude, and he that was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them; and he drew near unto Jesus to kiss him.
48 But Jesus said unto him, Judas, betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss?
49 And when they that were about him saw what would follow, they said, Lord, shall we smite with the sword?
50 And a certain one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and struck off his right ear.
51 But Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye them thus far. And he touched his ear, and healed him.
52 And Jesus said unto the chief priests, and captains of the temple, and elders, that were come against him, Are ye come out, as against a robber, with swords and staves?
53 When I was daily with you in the temple, ye stretched not forth your hands against me: but this is your hour, and the power of darkness.
54 And they seized him, and led him away, and brought him into the high priest’s house. But Peter followed afar off.
55 And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the court, and had sat down together, Peter sat in the midst of them.
56 And a certain maid seeing him as he sat in the light of the fire, and looking stedfastly upon him, said, This man also was with him.
57 But he denied, saying, Woman, I know him not.
58 And after a little while another saw him, and said, Thou also art one of them. But Peter said, Man, I am not.
59 And after the space of about one hour another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this man also was with him; for he is a Galilaean.
60 But Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew.
61 And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how that he said unto him, Before the cock crow this day thou shalt deny me thrice.
62 And he went out, and wept bitterly.
63 And the men that held Jesus mocked him, and beat him.
64 And they blindfolded him, and asked him, saying, Prophesy: who is he that struck thee?
65 And many other things spake they against him, reviling him.
66 And as soon as it was day, the assembly of the elders of the people was gathered together, both chief priests and scribes; and they led him away into their council, saying,
67 If thou art the Christ, tell us. But he said unto them, If I tell you, ye will not believe:
68 and if I ask you, ye will not answer.
69 But from henceforth shall the Son of man be seated at the right hand of the power of God.
70 And they all said, Art thou then the Son of God? And he said unto them, Ye say that I am.
71 And they said, What further need have we of witness? for we ourselves have heard from his own mouth.
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Luke 22Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 22. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The treachery of Judas. (1–6). The passover. (7–18). The Lord's supper instituted. (19, 20). Christ admonishes the disciples. (21–38). Christ's agony in the garden. (39–46). Christ betrayed. (47–53). The fall of Peter. (54–62). Christ confesses himself to be the Son of God. (63–71).
vv1-6
Christ knew all men, and had wise and holy ends in taking Judas to be a disciple. How he who knew Christ so well, came to betray him, we are here told; Satan entered into Judas. It is hard to say whether more mischief is done to Christ's kingdom, by the power of its open enemies, or by the treachery of its pretended friends; but without the latter, its enemies could not do so much evil as they do.
vv7-18
Christ kept the ordinances of the law, particularly that of the passover, to teach us to observe his gospel institutions, and most of all that of the Lord's supper. Those who go upon Christ's word, need not fear disappointment. According to the orders given them, the disciples got all ready for the passover. Jesus bids this passover welcome. He desired it, though he knew his sufferings would follow, because it was in order to his Father's glory and man's redemption. He takes his leave of all passovers, signifying thereby his doing away all the ordinances of the ceremonial law, of which the passover was one of the earliest and chief. That type was laid aside, because now in the kingdom of God the substance was come.
vv19-20
The Lord's supper is a sign or memorial of Christ already come, who by dying delivered us; his death is in special manner set before us in that ordinance, by which we are reminded of it. The breaking of Christ's body as a sacrifice for us, is therein brought to our remembrance by the breaking of bread. Nothing can be more nourishing and satisfying to the soul, than the doctrine of Christ's making atonement for sin, and the assurance of an interest in that atonement. Therefore we do this in rememberance of what He did for us, when he died for us; and for a memorial of what we do, in joining ourselves to him in an everlasting covenant. The shedding of Christ's blood, by which the atonement was made, is represented by the wine in the cup.
Key Words
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
ἑορτή (heortḗ): a festival
ἄζυμος (ázymos): unleavened, i.e. (figuratively) uncorrupted; (in the neutral plural) specially (by implication) the Passover week
ἐγγίζω (engízō): to make near, i.e. (reflexively) approach
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
πάσχα (páscha): the Passover (the meal, the day, the festival or the special sacrifices connected with it)
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀρχιερεύς (archiereús): the high-priest (literally, of the Jews, typically, Christ); by extension a chief priest
γραμματεύς (grammateús): scribe, town-clerk
ζητέω (zētéō): to seek (literally or figuratively); specially, (by Hebraism) to worship (God), or (in a bad sense) to plot (against life)
Cross References
Luke 22Christ is identified as our true Passover lamb, fulfilling the old covenant type.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Directly quoted by Jesus: 'And he was reckoned among the transgressors,' establishing His substitutionary suffering.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Describes Christ's loud cries and tears during His Gethsemane agony as he was heard in fear.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Direct reference back to Jesus' earlier specific warning to Peter in the same chapter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The tragic climax of Satan's influence on Judas occurs during the Passover meal.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic designation of the cheap price set upon Jesus by the Jewish leaders.
Supported by JFB
The institution of the Lord's Supper fulfills the promise of the New Covenant in Jeremiah.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The blood of the Mosaic covenant types Christ's blood of the New Testament.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Old Testament prophetic background for the betrayer sharing bread at the table with Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels teaching on Gentile rulers exercising lordship versus Christian leadership as service.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels sitting on twelve thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel in the kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallel imagery of "the cup" and Jesus' submission to the Father's will.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Synoptic parallel of the Gethsemane prayer to remove the cup under the Father's will.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct theological match for the "power of darkness" (domain of darkness) mentioned by Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel account of Peter remembering Jesus' words and weeping bitterly.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfilled look of mercy connected to Christ's prayer that Peter's faith would not fail.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Prophetic fulfillment of the Messiah giving His face to shame and spitting.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus' self-designation as 'Son of man' sitting at the right hand of power.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ultimate destiny of the Messiah sitting at the right hand of power.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The preliminary stage of Satan's instigation in Judas's heart before full possession.
Supported by JFB
The foundation of the Passover feast which Jesus here observes and fulfills.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Further description of eating and drinking in the fulfilled kingdom of God.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Matthew's parallel promise of future fellowship in the Father's kingdom.
Supported by JFB
Matthew's parallel account of the institution of the Lord's Supper.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's instruction on the Lord's Supper, reflecting its ongoing remembrance in the Church.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical demonstration of Christ's words: 'I am among you as he that serveth.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal and conceptual echo of the sifting process to separate wheat from chaff.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates Satan's demand to obtain permission to test and afflict God's servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of Christ's charge to Peter to 'strengthen thy brethren' after his restoration.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophetic background for the betrayal price of thirty pieces of silver.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Peter as the swordsman and Malchus as the high priest's servant who was struck.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The direct fulfillment of Jesus' warning that Peter would deny Him three times before the cock crew.
Supported by JFB
Parallel high priest interrogation demanding if He is the Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel confession of the Son of man's future glory and sitting in power.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel account detailing the exact transaction of thirty pieces of silver.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Theological significance of believers participating in Christ's body and blood.
Supported by Matthew Henry