Luke 22ASV
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Luke22

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1Now the feast of unleavened bread drew nigh, which is called the Passover.

2And the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might put him to death; for they feared the people.

3And Satan entered into Judas who was called Iscariot, being of the number of the twelve.

4And he went away, and communed with the chief priests and captains, how he might deliver him unto them.

5And they were glad, and covenanted to give him money.

6And he consented, and sought opportunity to deliver him unto them in the absence of the multitude.

7And the day of unleavened bread came, on which the passover must be sacrificed.

8And he sent Peter and John, saying, Go and make ready for us the passover, that we may eat.

9And they said unto him, Where wilt thou that we make ready?

10And he said unto them, Behold, when ye are entered into the city, there shall meet you a man bearing a pitcher of water; follow him into the house whereinto he goeth.

11And ye shall say unto the master of the house, The Teacher saith unto thee, Where is the guest-chamber, where I shall eat the passover with my disciples?

12And he will show you a large upper room furnished: there make ready.

13And they went, and found as he had said unto them: and they made ready the passover.

14And when the hour was come, he sat down, and the apostles with him.

15And he said unto them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover with you before I suffer:

16for I say unto you, I shall not eat it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God.

17And he received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves:

18for I say unto you, I shall not drink from henceforth of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come.

19And he took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and gave to them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me.

20And the cup in like manner after supper, saying, This cup is the new covenant in my blood, even that which is poured out for you.

21But behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is with me on the table.

22For the Son of man indeed goeth, as it hath been determined: but woe unto that man through whom he is betrayed!

23And they began to question among themselves, which of them it was that should do this thing.

24And there arose also a contention among them, which of them was accounted to be greatest.

25And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles have lordship over them; and they that have authority over them are called Benefactors.

26But ye shall not be so: but he that is the greater among you, let him become as the younger; and he that is chief, as he that doth serve.

27For which is greater, he that sitteth at meat, or he that serveth? is not he that sitteth at meat? but I am in the midst of you as he that serveth.

28But ye are they that have continued with me in my temptations;

29and I appoint unto you a kingdom, even as my Father appointed unto me,

30that ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom; and ye shall sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

31Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked to have you, that he might sift you as wheat:

32but I made supplication for thee, that thy faith fail not; and do thou, when once thou hast turned again, establish thy brethren.

33And he said unto him, Lord, with thee I am ready to go both to prison and to death.

34And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, until thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me.

35And he said unto them, When I sent you forth without purse, and wallet, and shoes, lacked ye anything? And they said, Nothing.

36And he said unto them, But now, he that hath a purse, let him take it, and likewise a wallet; and he that hath none, let him sell his cloak, and buy a sword.

37For I say unto you, that this which is written must be fulfilled in me, And he was reckoned with transgressors: for that which concerneth me hath fulfilment.

38And they said, Lord, behold, here are two swords. And he said unto them, It is enough.

39And he came out, and went, as his custom was, unto the mount of Olives; and the disciples also followed him.

40And when he was at the place, he said unto them, Pray that ye enter not into temptation.

41And he was parted from them about a stone’s cast; and he kneeled down and prayed,

42saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done.

43And there appeared unto him an angel from heaven, strengthening him.

44And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly; and his sweat became as it were great drops of blood falling down upon the ground.

45And when he rose up from his prayer, he came unto the disciples, and found them sleeping for sorrow,

46and said unto them, Why sleep ye? rise and pray, that ye enter not into temptation.

47While he yet spake, behold, a multitude, and he that was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them; and he drew near unto Jesus to kiss him.

48But Jesus said unto him, Judas, betrayest thou the Son of man with a kiss?

49And when they that were about him saw what would follow, they said, Lord, shall we smite with the sword?

50And a certain one of them smote the servant of the high priest, and struck off his right ear.

51But Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye them thus far. And he touched his ear, and healed him.

52And Jesus said unto the chief priests, and captains of the temple, and elders, that were come against him, Are ye come out, as against a robber, with swords and staves?

53When I was daily with you in the temple, ye stretched not forth your hands against me: but this is your hour, and the power of darkness.

54And they seized him, and led him away, and brought him into the high priest’s house. But Peter followed afar off.

55And when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the court, and had sat down together, Peter sat in the midst of them.

56And a certain maid seeing him as he sat in the light of the fire, and looking stedfastly upon him, said, This man also was with him.

57But he denied, saying, Woman, I know him not.

58And after a little while another saw him, and said, Thou also art one of them. But Peter said, Man, I am not.

59And after the space of about one hour another confidently affirmed, saying, Of a truth this man also was with him; for he is a Galilaean.

60But Peter said, Man, I know not what thou sayest. And immediately, while he yet spake, the cock crew.

61And the Lord turned, and looked upon Peter. And Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how that he said unto him, Before the cock crow this day thou shalt deny me thrice.

62And he went out, and wept bitterly.

63And the men that held Jesus mocked him, and beat him.

64And they blindfolded him, and asked him, saying, Prophesy: who is he that struck thee?

65And many other things spake they against him, reviling him.

66And as soon as it was day, the assembly of the elders of the people was gathered together, both chief priests and scribes; and they led him away into their council, saying,

67If thou art the Christ, tell us. But he said unto them, If I tell you, ye will not believe:

68and if I ask you, ye will not answer.

69But from henceforth shall the Son of man be seated at the right hand of the power of God.

70And they all said, Art thou then the Son of God? And he said unto them, Ye say that I am.

71And they said, What further need have we of witness? for we ourselves have heard from his own mouth.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 22.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The treachery of Judas. (1–6). The passover. (7–18). The Lord's supper instituted. (19, 20). Christ admonishes the disciples. (21–38). Christ's agony in the garden. (39–46). Christ betrayed. (47–53). The fall of Peter. (54–62). Christ confesses himself to be the Son of God. (63–71).

vv1-6

Christ knew all men, and had wise and holy ends in taking Judas to be a disciple. How he who knew Christ so well, came to betray him, we are here told; Satan entered into Judas. It is hard to say whether more mischief is done to Christ's kingdom, by the power of its open enemies, or by the treachery of its pretended friends; but without the latter, its enemies could not do so much evil as they do.

vv7-18

Christ kept the ordinances of the law, particularly that of the passover, to teach us to observe his gospel institutions, and most of all that of the Lord's supper. Those who go upon Christ's word, need not fear disappointment. According to the orders given them, the disciples got all ready for the passover. Jesus bids this passover welcome. He desired it, though he knew his sufferings would follow, because it was in order to his Father's glory and man's redemption. He takes his leave of all passovers, signifying thereby his doing away all the ordinances of the ceremonial law, of which the passover was one of the earliest and chief. That type was laid aside, because now in the kingdom of God the substance was come.

vv19-20

The Lord's supper is a sign or memorial of Christ already come, who by dying delivered us; his death is in special manner set before us in that ordinance, by which we are reminded of it. The breaking of Christ's body as a sacrifice for us, is therein brought to our remembrance by the breaking of bread. Nothing can be more nourishing and satisfying to the soul, than the doctrine of Christ's making atonement for sin, and the assurance of an interest in that atonement. Therefore we do this in rememberance of what He did for us, when he died for us; and for a memorial of what we do, in joining ourselves to him in an everlasting covenant. The shedding of Christ's blood, by which the atonement was made, is represented by the wine in the cup.

Cross References

Luke 22

Christ is identified as our true Passover lamb, fulfilling the old covenant type.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v37Isaiah 53:12quotation

Directly quoted by Jesus: 'And he was reckoned among the transgressors,' establishing His substitutionary suffering.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v44Hebrews 5:7thematic

Describes Christ's loud cries and tears during His Gethsemane agony as he was heard in fear.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v61Luke 22:34allusion

Direct reference back to Jesus' earlier specific warning to Peter in the same chapter.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v3John 13:27thematic

The tragic climax of Satan's influence on Judas occurs during the Passover meal.

Supported by JFB

v5Zechariah 11:13fulfillment

Prophetic designation of the cheap price set upon Jesus by the Jewish leaders.

Supported by JFB

v20Jeremiah 31:31fulfillment

The institution of the Lord's Supper fulfills the promise of the New Covenant in Jeremiah.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v20Exodus 24:8typology

The blood of the Mosaic covenant types Christ's blood of the New Testament.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Psalms 41:9allusion

Old Testament prophetic background for the betrayer sharing bread at the table with Jesus.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v25Matthew 20:25-28thematic

Parallels teaching on Gentile rulers exercising lordship versus Christian leadership as service.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v30Matthew 19:28thematic

Parallels sitting on twelve thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel in the kingdom.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v42John 18:11thematic

Parallel imagery of "the cup" and Jesus' submission to the Father's will.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v42Matthew 26:39thematic

Synoptic parallel of the Gethsemane prayer to remove the cup under the Father's will.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v53Colossians 1:13thematic

Direct theological match for the "power of darkness" (domain of darkness) mentioned by Jesus.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v61Matthew 26:75thematic

Parallel account of Peter remembering Jesus' words and weeping bitterly.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v61Luke 22:32thematic

Fulfilled look of mercy connected to Christ's prayer that Peter's faith would not fail.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v63Isaiah 50:6fulfillment

Prophetic fulfillment of the Messiah giving His face to shame and spitting.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v69Daniel 7:13allusion

Jesus' self-designation as 'Son of man' sitting at the right hand of power.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v69Psalms 110:1allusion

The ultimate destiny of the Messiah sitting at the right hand of power.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3John 13:2thematic

The preliminary stage of Satan's instigation in Judas's heart before full possession.

Supported by JFB

v7Exodus 12:6-23typology

The foundation of the Passover feast which Jesus here observes and fulfills.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v16Luke 22:30thematic

Further description of eating and drinking in the fulfilled kingdom of God.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v18Matthew 26:29thematic

Matthew's parallel promise of future fellowship in the Father's kingdom.

Supported by JFB

v19Matthew 26:26-28thematic

Matthew's parallel account of the institution of the Lord's Supper.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Paul's instruction on the Lord's Supper, reflecting its ongoing remembrance in the Church.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27John 13:5-16thematic

The historical demonstration of Christ's words: 'I am among you as he that serveth.'

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v31Amos 9:9allusion

Verbal and conceptual echo of the sifting process to separate wheat from chaff.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v31Job 1:8-11thematic

Illustrates Satan's demand to obtain permission to test and afflict God's servants.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v32John 21:15-17fulfillment

Fulfillment of Christ's charge to Peter to 'strengthen thy brethren' after his restoration.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v47Zechariah 11:13fulfillment

Prophetic background for the betrayal price of thirty pieces of silver.

Supported by JFB

v50John 18:10thematic

Identifies Peter as the swordsman and Malchus as the high priest's servant who was struck.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v60Luke 22:34fulfillment

The direct fulfillment of Jesus' warning that Peter would deny Him three times before the cock crew.

Supported by JFB

v66Matthew 26:63thematic

Parallel high priest interrogation demanding if He is the Christ.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v69Mark 14:62thematic

Parallel confession of the Son of man's future glory and sitting in power.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The parallel account detailing the exact transaction of thirty pieces of silver.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Theological significance of believers participating in Christ's body and blood.

Supported by Matthew Henry