Luke 22WEB
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Luke22

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Now the feast of unleavened bread, which is called the Passover, was approaching.

2The chief priests and the scribes sought how they might put him to death, for they feared the people.

3Satan entered into Judas, who was also called Iscariot, who was counted with the twelve.

4He went away and talked with the chief priests and captains about how he might deliver him to them.

5They were glad, and agreed to give him money.

6He consented and sought an opportunity to deliver him to them in the absence of the multitude.

7The day of unleavened bread came, on which the Passover must be sacrificed.

8Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover for us, that we may eat.”

9They said to him, “Where do you want us to prepare?”

10He said to them, “Behold, when you have entered into the city, a man carrying a pitcher of water will meet you. Follow him into the house which he enters.

11Tell the master of the house, ‘The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my disciples?”’

12He will show you a large, furnished upper room. Make preparations there.”

13They went, found things as Jesus had told them, and they prepared the Passover.

14When the hour had come, he sat down with the twelve apostles.

15He said to them, “I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer,

16for I tell you, I will no longer by any means eat of it until it is fulfilled in God’s Kingdom.”

17He received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, “Take this and share it among yourselves,

18for I tell you, I will not drink at all again from the fruit of the vine, until God’s Kingdom comes.”

19He took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body which is given for you. Do this in memory of me.”

20Likewise, he took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.

21But behold, the hand of him who betrays me is with me on the table.

22The Son of Man indeed goes as it has been determined, but woe to that man through whom he is betrayed!”

23They began to question among themselves which of them it was who would do this thing.

24A dispute also arose among them, which of them was considered to be greatest.

25He said to them, “The kings of the nations lord it over them, and those who have authority over them are called ‘benefactors.’

26But not so with you. Rather, the one who is greater among you, let him become as the younger, and one who is governing, as one who serves.

27For who is greater, one who sits at the table, or one who serves? Isn’t it he who sits at the table? But I am among you as one who serves.

28“But you are those who have continued with me in my trials.

29I confer on you a kingdom, even as my Father conferred on me,

30that you may eat and drink at my table in my Kingdom. You will sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.”

31The Lord said, “Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked to have all of you, that he might sift you as wheat,

32but I prayed for you, that your faith wouldn’t fail. You, when once you have turned again, establish your brothers.”

33He said to him, “Lord, I am ready to go with you both to prison and to death!”

34He said, “I tell you, Peter, the rooster will by no means crow today until you deny that you know me three times.”

35He said to them, “When I sent you out without purse, bag, and sandals, did you lack anything?” They said, “Nothing.”

36Then he said to them, “But now, whoever has a purse, let him take it, and likewise a bag. Whoever has none, let him sell his cloak, and buy a sword.

37For I tell you that this which is written must still be fulfilled in me: ‘He was counted with transgressors.’ For that which concerns me is being fulfilled.”

38They said, “Lord, behold, here are two swords.” He said to them, “That is enough.”

39He came out and went, as his custom was, to the Mount of Olives. His disciples also followed him.

40When he was at the place, he said to them, “Pray that you don’t enter into temptation.”

41He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s throw, and he knelt down and prayed,

42saying, “Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me. Nevertheless, not my will, but yours, be done.”

43An angel from heaven appeared to him, strengthening him.

44Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly. His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down on the ground.

45When he rose up from his prayer, he came to the disciples and found them sleeping because of grief,

46and said to them, “Why do you sleep? Rise and pray that you may not enter into temptation.”

47While he was still speaking, a crowd appeared. He who was called Judas, one of the twelve, was leading them. He came near to Jesus to kiss him.

48But Jesus said to him, “Judas, do you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?”

49When those who were around him saw what was about to happen, they said to him, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?”

50A certain one of them struck the servant of the high priest, and cut off his right ear.

51But Jesus answered, “Let me at least do this”—and he touched his ear and healed him.

52Jesus said to the chief priests, captains of the temple, and elders, who had come against him, “Have you come out as against a robber, with swords and clubs?

53When I was with you in the temple daily, you didn’t stretch out your hands against me. But this is your hour, and the power of darkness.”

54They seized him and led him away, and brought him into the high priest’s house. But Peter followed from a distance.

55When they had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and had sat down together, Peter sat among them.

56A certain servant girl saw him as he sat in the light, and looking intently at him, said, “This man also was with him.”

57He denied Jesus, saying, “Woman, I don’t know him.”

58After a little while someone else saw him and said, “You also are one of them!” But Peter answered, “Man, I am not!”

59After about one hour passed, another confidently affirmed, saying, “Truly this man also was with him, for he is a Galilean!”

60But Peter said, “Man, I don’t know what you are talking about!” Immediately, while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed.

61The Lord turned and looked at Peter. Then Peter remembered the Lord’s word, how he said to him, “Before the rooster crows you will deny me three times.”

62He went out, and wept bitterly.

63The men who held Jesus mocked him and beat him.

64Having blindfolded him, they struck him on the face and asked him, “Prophesy! Who is the one who struck you?”

65They spoke many other things against him, insulting him.

66As soon as it was day, the assembly of the elders of the people were gathered together, both chief priests and scribes, and they led him away into their council, saying,

67“If you are the Christ, tell us.” But he said to them, “If I tell you, you won’t believe,

68and if I ask, you will in no way answer me or let me go.

69From now on, the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the power of God.”

70They all said, “Are you then the Son of God?” He said to them, “You say it, because I am.”

71They said, “Why do we need any more witness? For we ourselves have heard from his own mouth!”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 22.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The treachery of Judas. (1–6). The passover. (7–18). The Lord's supper instituted. (19, 20). Christ admonishes the disciples. (21–38). Christ's agony in the garden. (39–46). Christ betrayed. (47–53). The fall of Peter. (54–62). Christ confesses himself to be the Son of God. (63–71).

vv1-6

Christ knew all men, and had wise and holy ends in taking Judas to be a disciple. How he who knew Christ so well, came to betray him, we are here told; Satan entered into Judas. It is hard to say whether more mischief is done to Christ's kingdom, by the power of its open enemies, or by the treachery of its pretended friends; but without the latter, its enemies could not do so much evil as they do.

vv7-18

Christ kept the ordinances of the law, particularly that of the passover, to teach us to observe his gospel institutions, and most of all that of the Lord's supper. Those who go upon Christ's word, need not fear disappointment. According to the orders given them, the disciples got all ready for the passover. Jesus bids this passover welcome. He desired it, though he knew his sufferings would follow, because it was in order to his Father's glory and man's redemption. He takes his leave of all passovers, signifying thereby his doing away all the ordinances of the ceremonial law, of which the passover was one of the earliest and chief. That type was laid aside, because now in the kingdom of God the substance was come.

vv19-20

The Lord's supper is a sign or memorial of Christ already come, who by dying delivered us; his death is in special manner set before us in that ordinance, by which we are reminded of it. The breaking of Christ's body as a sacrifice for us, is therein brought to our remembrance by the breaking of bread. Nothing can be more nourishing and satisfying to the soul, than the doctrine of Christ's making atonement for sin, and the assurance of an interest in that atonement. Therefore we do this in rememberance of what He did for us, when he died for us; and for a memorial of what we do, in joining ourselves to him in an everlasting covenant. The shedding of Christ's blood, by which the atonement was made, is represented by the wine in the cup.

Cross References

Luke 22

Christ is identified as our true Passover lamb, fulfilling the old covenant type.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v37Isaiah 53:12quotation

Directly quoted by Jesus: 'And he was reckoned among the transgressors,' establishing His substitutionary suffering.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v44Hebrews 5:7thematic

Describes Christ's loud cries and tears during His Gethsemane agony as he was heard in fear.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v61Luke 22:34allusion

Direct reference back to Jesus' earlier specific warning to Peter in the same chapter.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v3John 13:27thematic

The tragic climax of Satan's influence on Judas occurs during the Passover meal.

Supported by JFB

v5Zechariah 11:13fulfillment

Prophetic designation of the cheap price set upon Jesus by the Jewish leaders.

Supported by JFB

v20Jeremiah 31:31fulfillment

The institution of the Lord's Supper fulfills the promise of the New Covenant in Jeremiah.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v20Exodus 24:8typology

The blood of the Mosaic covenant types Christ's blood of the New Testament.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Psalms 41:9allusion

Old Testament prophetic background for the betrayer sharing bread at the table with Jesus.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v25Matthew 20:25-28thematic

Parallels teaching on Gentile rulers exercising lordship versus Christian leadership as service.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v30Matthew 19:28thematic

Parallels sitting on twelve thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel in the kingdom.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v42John 18:11thematic

Parallel imagery of "the cup" and Jesus' submission to the Father's will.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v42Matthew 26:39thematic

Synoptic parallel of the Gethsemane prayer to remove the cup under the Father's will.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v53Colossians 1:13thematic

Direct theological match for the "power of darkness" (domain of darkness) mentioned by Jesus.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v61Matthew 26:75thematic

Parallel account of Peter remembering Jesus' words and weeping bitterly.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v61Luke 22:32thematic

Fulfilled look of mercy connected to Christ's prayer that Peter's faith would not fail.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v63Isaiah 50:6fulfillment

Prophetic fulfillment of the Messiah giving His face to shame and spitting.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v69Daniel 7:13allusion

Jesus' self-designation as 'Son of man' sitting at the right hand of power.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v69Psalms 110:1allusion

The ultimate destiny of the Messiah sitting at the right hand of power.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3John 13:2thematic

The preliminary stage of Satan's instigation in Judas's heart before full possession.

Supported by JFB

v7Exodus 12:6-23typology

The foundation of the Passover feast which Jesus here observes and fulfills.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v16Luke 22:30thematic

Further description of eating and drinking in the fulfilled kingdom of God.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v18Matthew 26:29thematic

Matthew's parallel promise of future fellowship in the Father's kingdom.

Supported by JFB

v19Matthew 26:26-28thematic

Matthew's parallel account of the institution of the Lord's Supper.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Paul's instruction on the Lord's Supper, reflecting its ongoing remembrance in the Church.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27John 13:5-16thematic

The historical demonstration of Christ's words: 'I am among you as he that serveth.'

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v31Amos 9:9allusion

Verbal and conceptual echo of the sifting process to separate wheat from chaff.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v31Job 1:8-11thematic

Illustrates Satan's demand to obtain permission to test and afflict God's servants.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v32John 21:15-17fulfillment

Fulfillment of Christ's charge to Peter to 'strengthen thy brethren' after his restoration.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v47Zechariah 11:13fulfillment

Prophetic background for the betrayal price of thirty pieces of silver.

Supported by JFB

v50John 18:10thematic

Identifies Peter as the swordsman and Malchus as the high priest's servant who was struck.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v60Luke 22:34fulfillment

The direct fulfillment of Jesus' warning that Peter would deny Him three times before the cock crew.

Supported by JFB

v66Matthew 26:63thematic

Parallel high priest interrogation demanding if He is the Christ.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v69Mark 14:62thematic

Parallel confession of the Son of man's future glory and sitting in power.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The parallel account detailing the exact transaction of thirty pieces of silver.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Theological significance of believers participating in Christ's body and blood.

Supported by Matthew Henry