Jeremiah31
World English Bible · Public Domain
1“At that time,” says Yahweh, “I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people.”
2Yahweh says, “The people who survive the sword found favor in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest.”
3Yahweh appeared of old to me, saying, “Yes, I have loved you with an everlasting love. Therefore I have drawn you with loving kindness.
4I will build you again, and you will be built, O virgin of Israel. You will again be adorned with your tambourines, and will go out in the dances of those who make merry.
5Again you will plant vineyards on the mountains of Samaria. The planters will plant, and will enjoy its fruit.
6For there will be a day that the watchmen on the hills of Ephraim cry, ‘Arise! Let’s go up to Zion to Yahweh our God.’”
7For Yahweh says, “Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout for the chief of the nations. Publish, praise, and say, ‘Yahweh, save your people, the remnant of Israel!’
8Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the uttermost parts of the earth, along with the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her who travails with child together. They will return as a great company.
9They will come with weeping. I will lead them with petitions. I will cause them to walk by rivers of waters, in a straight way in which they won’t stumble; for I am a father to Israel. Ephraim is my firstborn.
10“Hear Yahweh’s word, you nations, and declare it in the distant islands. Say, ‘He who scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd does his flock.’
11For Yahweh has ransomed Jacob, and redeemed him from the hand of him who was stronger than he.
12They will come and sing in the height of Zion, and will flow to the goodness of Yahweh, to the grain, to the new wine, to the oil, and to the young of the flock and of the herd. Their soul will be as a watered garden. They will not sorrow any more at all.
13Then the virgin will rejoice in the dance, the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.
14I will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my people will be satisfied with my goodness,” says Yahweh.
15Yahweh says: “A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children. She refuses to be comforted for her children, because they are no more.”
16Yahweh says: “Refrain your voice from weeping, and your eyes from tears, for your work will be rewarded,” says Yahweh. “They will come again from the land of the enemy.
17There is hope for your latter end,” says Yahweh. “Your children will come again to their own territory.
18“I have surely heard Ephraim grieving thus, ‘You have chastised me, and I was chastised, as an untrained calf. Turn me, and I will be turned, for you are Yahweh my God.
19Surely after that I was turned. I repented. After that I was instructed. I struck my thigh. I was ashamed, yes, even confounded, because I bore the reproach of my youth.’
20Is Ephraim my dear son? Is he a darling child? For as often as I speak against him, I still earnestly remember him. Therefore my heart yearns for him. I will surely have mercy on him,” says Yahweh.
21“Set up road signs. Make guideposts. Set your heart toward the highway, even the way by which you went. Turn again, virgin of Israel. Turn again to these your cities.
22How long will you go here and there, you backsliding daughter? For Yahweh has created a new thing in the earth: a woman will encompass a man.”
23Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, says: “Yet again they will use this speech in the land of Judah and in its cities, when I reverse their captivity: ‘Yahweh bless you, habitation of righteousness, mountain of holiness.’
24Judah and all its cities will dwell therein together, the farmers, and those who go about with flocks.
25For I have satiated the weary soul, and I have replenished every sorrowful soul.”
26On this I awakened, and saw; and my sleep was sweet to me.
27“Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and with the seed of animal.
28It will happen that, like as I have watched over them to pluck up and to break down and to overthrow and to destroy and to afflict, so I will watch over them to build and to plant,” says Yahweh.
29“In those days they will say no more, “‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge.’
30But everyone will die for his own iniquity. Every man who eats the sour grapes, his teeth will be set on edge.
31“Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah,
32not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, which covenant of mine they broke, although I was a husband to them,” says Yahweh.
33“But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” says Yahweh: “I will put my law in their inward parts, and I will write it in their heart. I will be their God, and they shall be my people.
34They will no longer each teach his neighbor, and every man teach his brother, saying, ‘Know Yahweh;’ for they will all know me, from their least to their greatest,” says Yahweh, “for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”
35Yahweh, who gives the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, who stirs up the sea, so that its waves roar— Yahweh of Armies is his name, says:
36“If these ordinances depart from before me,” says Yahweh, “then the offspring of Israel also will cease from being a nation before me forever.”
37Yahweh says: “If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, then I will also cast off all the offspring of Israel for all that they have done,” says Yahweh.
38“Behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that the city will be built to Yahweh from the tower of Hananel to the gate of the corner.
39The measuring line will go out further straight onward to the hill Gareb, and will turn toward Goah.
40The whole valley of the dead bodies and of the ashes, and all the fields to the brook Kidron, to the corner of the horse gate toward the east, will be holy to Yahweh. It will not be plucked up or thrown down any more forever.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 31.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The restoration of Israel. (1-9). Promises of guidance and happiness; Rachel lamenting. (10-17). Ephraim laments his errors. (18-20). The promised Saviour. (21-26). God's care over the church. (27-34). Peace and prosperity in gospel time. (35-40).
vv1-9
God assures his people that he will again take them into covenant relation to himself. When brought very low, and difficulties appear, it is good to remember that it has been so with the church formerly. But it is hard under present frowns to take comfort from former smiles; yet it is the happiness of those who, through grace, are interested in the love of God, that it is an everlasting love, from everlasting in the counsels, to everlasting in the continuance. Those whom God loves with this love, he will draw to himself, by the influences of his Spirit upon their souls. When praising God for what he has done, we must call upon him for the favours his church needs and expects. When the Lord calls, we must not plead that we cannot come; for he that calls us, will help us, will strengthen us. The goodness of God shall lead them to repentance. And they shall weep for sin with more bitterness, and more tenderness, when delivered out of their captivity, than when groaning under it. If we take God for our Father, and join the church of the first-born, we shall want nothing that is good for us. These predictions doubtless refer also to a future gathering of the Israelites from all quarters of the globe. And they figuratively describe the conversion of sinners to Christ, and the plain and safe way in which they are led.
vv10-17
He that scattered Israel, knows where to find them. It is comfortable to observe the goodness of the Lord in the gifts of providence. But our souls are never valuable as gardens, unless watered with the dews of God's Spirit and grace. A precious promise follows, which will not have full accomplishment except in the heavenly Zion. Let them be satisfied of God's loving-kindness, and they will be satisfied with it, and desire no more to make them happy. Rachel is represented as rising from her grave, and refusing to be comforted, supposing her offspring rooted out. The murder of the children at Bethlehem, by Herod, Matt. 2:16-18, in some degree fulfilled this prediction, but could not be its full meaning. If we have hope in the end, concerning an eternal inheritance, for ourselves and those belonging to us, all temporal afflictions may be borne, and will be for our good.
vv18-20
Ephraim (the ten tribes) is weeping for sin. He is angry at himself for his sin, and folly, and frowardness. He finds he cannot, by his own power, keep himself close with God, much less bring himself back when he is revolted. Therefore he prays, Turn thou me, and I shall be turned. His will was bowed to the will of God. When the teaching of God's Spirit went with the corrections of his providence, then the work was done. This is our comfort in affliction, that the Lord thinks upon us. God has mercy in store, rich mercy, sure mercy, suitable mercy, for all who seek him in sincerity.
Key Words
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
נְאֻם: an oracle
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מִשְׁפָּחָה: a family, i.e. circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
שָׂרִיד: a survivor
Cross References
Jeremiah 31Herod's slaughter of the Bethlehem infants explicitly fulfills Rachel weeping for her children in Ramah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explicitly quotes Jeremiah 31:31 to introduce the New Covenant fulfilled in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Quotes the promise of the law written on the heart under the New Covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrast: The curse of planting vines and not eating them is reversed here as common food.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel regarding the proverb of children's teeth set on edge by fathers eating sour grapes.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes verse 32 contrasting the New Covenant with the broken Sinai covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes verse 34, declaring that all shall know the Lord without needing external teaching.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes the vital New Covenant guarantee that God will remember their sins no more.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Repeats the foundational covenant formula: 'ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.'
Supported by John Calvin
The Lord drawing Israel with bands of love and cords of a man.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Miriam and the virgins going forth with tabrets/timbrels and dances celebrating redemption.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The law of planting trees; in the fifth year fruit is eaten as a common thing.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Thematic link to the 'new thing' of a virgin conceiving, related to the incarnation.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reverses the commission given to Jeremiah to pluck up, throw down, build, and plant.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Applies the salvation and covenant of Israel to the ultimate eschatological gathering.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the unbreakable covenant with day and night to establish Israel's permanent preservation.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God promising His presence will go before Israel to cause him to rest in wilderness.
Supported by JFB
The ark going before them in the wilderness to search out a resting place.
Supported by JFB
Chaldea/exile is metaphorically described as a desert or wilderness where God prepares a way.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Virgins coming out with tabrets and joy to celebrate victories of Israel's king.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The sounding/troubling of God's bowels and mercies toward His rebellious but beloved children.
Supported by JFB
God's heart turning within Him, refusing to execute fierce anger against Ephraim.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reflects God drawing His backsliding people with cords of love and mercy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explains the law of eating fruit of newly planted vines as common things.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels putting the Spirit within believers to enable walking in God's statutes.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Demonstrates that God has not permanently cast off His people Israel.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the ultimate consecration where even common places become holy to the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ultimate fulfillment of the covenant formula under the New Covenant in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Remembering the days of old and God's former wonders to sustain hope in current distress.
Supported by John Calvin
God declares His sovereign, electing love to Jacob: 'I have loved you, saith the Lord.'
Supported by JFB
Jephthah's daughter coming out to meet him with timbrels and with dances.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Christ's invitation to the weary and heavy laden to find rest echoes verse 25.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Mosaic law establishing that fathers shall not be put to death for children.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reinforces personal accountability; the soul who sins is the one who will die.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the symbolic action of the measuring line being stretched out over Jerusalem.
Supported by JFB
Mentions the actual rebuilding of the Tower of Hananeel during the restoration.
Supported by Matthew Poole