Deuteronomy 28WEB
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Deuteronomy28

World English Bible · Public Domain

1It shall happen, if you shall listen diligently to Yahweh your God’s voice, to observe to do all his commandments which I command you today, that Yahweh your God will set you high above all the nations of the earth.

2All these blessings will come upon you, and overtake you, if you listen to Yahweh your God’s voice.

3You shall be blessed in the city, and you shall be blessed in the field.

4You shall be blessed in the fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground, the fruit of your animals, the increase of your livestock, and the young of your flock.

5Your basket and your kneading trough shall be blessed.

6You shall be blessed when you come in, and you shall be blessed when you go out.

7Yahweh will cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck before you. They will come out against you one way, and will flee before you seven ways.

8Yahweh will command the blessing on you in your barns, and in all that you put your hand to. He will bless you in the land which Yahweh your God gives you.

9Yahweh will establish you for a holy people to himself, as he has sworn to you, if you shall keep the commandments of Yahweh your God, and walk in his ways.

10All the peoples of the earth shall see that you are called by Yahweh’s name, and they will be afraid of you.

11Yahweh will grant you abundant prosperity in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your livestock, and in the fruit of your ground, in the land which Yahweh swore to your fathers to give you.

12Yahweh will open to you his good treasure in the sky, to give the rain of your land in its season, and to bless all the work of your hand. You will lend to many nations, and you will not borrow.

13Yahweh will make you the head, and not the tail. You will be above only, and you will not be beneath, if you listen to the commandments of Yahweh your God which I command you today, to observe and to do,

14and shall not turn away from any of the words which I command you today, to the right hand or to the left, to go after other gods to serve them.

15But it shall come to pass, if you will not listen to Yahweh your God’s voice, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command you today, that all these curses will come on you and overtake you.

16You will be cursed in the city, and you will be cursed in the field.

17Your basket and your kneading trough will be cursed.

18The fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground, the increase of your livestock, and the young of your flock will be cursed.

19You will be cursed when you come in, and you will be cursed when you go out.

20Yahweh will send on you cursing, confusion, and rebuke in all that you put your hand to do, until you are destroyed and until you perish quickly, because of the evil of your doings, by which you have forsaken me.

21Yahweh will make the pestilence cling to you, until he has consumed you from off the land where you go in to possess it.

22Yahweh will strike you with consumption, with fever, with inflammation, with fiery heat, with the sword, with blight, and with mildew. They will pursue you until you perish.

23Your sky that is over your head will be bronze, and the earth that is under you will be iron.

24Yahweh will make the rain of your land powder and dust. It will come down on you from the sky, until you are destroyed.

25Yahweh will cause you to be struck before your enemies. You will go out one way against them, and will flee seven ways before them. You will be tossed back and forth among all the kingdoms of the earth.

26Your dead bodies will be food to all birds of the sky, and to the animals of the earth; and there will be no one to frighten them away.

27Yahweh will strike you with the boils of Egypt, with the tumors, with the scurvy, and with the itch, of which you can not be healed.

28Yahweh will strike you with madness, with blindness, and with astonishment of heart.

29You will grope at noonday, as the blind gropes in darkness, and you shall not prosper in your ways. You will only be oppressed and robbed always, and there will be no one to save you.

30You will betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her. You will build a house, and you won’t dwell in it. You will plant a vineyard, and not use its fruit.

31Your ox will be slain before your eyes, and you will not eat any of it. Your donkey will be violently taken away from before your face, and will not be restored to you. Your sheep will be given to your enemies, and you will have no one to save you.

32Your sons and your daughters will be given to another people. Your eyes will look and fail with longing for them all day long. There will be no power in your hand.

33A nation which you don’t know will eat the fruit of your ground and all of your work. You will only be oppressed and crushed always,

34so that the sights that you see with your eyes will drive you mad.

35Yahweh will strike you in the knees and in the legs with a sore boil, of which you cannot be healed, from the sole of your foot to the crown of your head.

36Yahweh will bring you, and your king whom you will set over yourselves, to a nation that you have not known, you nor your fathers. There you will serve other gods of wood and stone.

37You will become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you away.

38You will carry much seed out into the field, and will gather little in, for the locust will consume it.

39You will plant vineyards and dress them, but you will neither drink of the wine, nor harvest, because worms will eat them.

40You will have olive trees throughout all your borders, but you won’t anoint yourself with the oil, for your olives will drop off.

41You will father sons and daughters, but they will not be yours, for they will go into captivity.

42Locusts will consume all of your trees and the fruit of your ground.

43The foreigner who is among you will mount up above you higher and higher, and you will come down lower and lower.

44He will lend to you, and you won’t lend to him. He will be the head, and you will be the tail.

45All these curses will come on you, and will pursue you and overtake you, until you are destroyed, because you didn’t listen to Yahweh your God’s voice, to keep his commandments and his statutes which he commanded you.

46They will be for a sign and for a wonder to you and to your offspring forever.

47Because you didn’t serve Yahweh your God with joyfulness and with gladness of heart, by reason of the abundance of all things;

48therefore you will serve your enemies whom Yahweh sends against you, in hunger, in thirst, in nakedness, and in lack of all things. He will put an iron yoke on your neck until he has destroyed you.

49Yahweh will bring a nation against you from far away, from the end of the earth, as the eagle flies: a nation whose language you will not understand,

50a nation of fierce facial expressions, that doesn’t respect the elderly, nor show favor to the young.

51They will eat the fruit of your livestock and the fruit of your ground, until you are destroyed. They also won’t leave you grain, new wine, oil, the increase of your livestock, or the young of your flock, until they have caused you to perish.

52They will besiege you in all your gates until your high and fortified walls in which you trusted come down throughout all your land. They will besiege you in all your gates throughout all your land which Yahweh your God has given you.

53You will eat the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters, whom Yahweh your God has given you, in the siege and in the distress with which your enemies will distress you.

54The man who is tender among you, and very delicate, his eye will be evil toward his brother, toward the wife whom he loves, and toward the remnant of his children whom he has remaining,

55so that he will not give to any of them of the flesh of his children whom he will eat, because he has nothing left to him, in the siege and in the distress with which your enemy will distress you in all your gates.

56The tender and delicate woman among you, who would not venture to set the sole of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tenderness, her eye will be evil toward the husband that she loves, toward her son, toward her daughter,

57toward her young one who comes out from between her feet, and toward her children whom she bears; for she will eat them secretly for lack of all things in the siege and in the distress with which your enemy will distress you in your gates.

58If you will not observe to do all the words of this law that are written in this book, that you may fear this glorious and fearful name, YAHWEH your God,

59then Yahweh will make your plagues and the plagues of your offspring fearful, even great plagues, and of long duration, and severe sicknesses, and of long duration.

60He will bring on you again all the diseases of Egypt, which you were afraid of; and they will cling to you.

61Also every sickness and every plague which is not written in the book of this law, Yahweh will bring them on you until you are destroyed.

62You will be left few in number, even though you were as the stars of the sky for multitude, because you didn’t listen to Yahweh your God’s voice.

63It will happen that as Yahweh rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you, so Yahweh will rejoice over you to cause you to perish and to destroy you. You will be plucked from the land that you are going in to possess.

64Yahweh will scatter you among all peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth. There you will serve other gods which you have not known, you nor your fathers, even wood and stone.

65Among these nations you will find no ease, and there will be no rest for the sole of your foot; but Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, failing of eyes, and pining of soul.

66Your life will hang in doubt before you. You will be afraid night and day, and will have no assurance of your life.

67In the morning you will say, “I wish it were evening!” and at evening you will say, “I wish it were morning!” for the fear of your heart which you will fear, and for the sights which your eyes will see.

68Yahweh will bring you into Egypt again with ships, by the way of which I told you that you would never see it again. There you will offer yourselves to your enemies for male and female slaves, and nobody will buy you.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 28.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The blessings for obedience. (1–14). The curses for disobedience. (15–44). Their ruin, if disobedient. (45–68).

vv1-14

This chapter is a very large exposition of two words, the blessing and the curse. They are real things and have real effects. The blessings are here put before the curses. God is slow to anger, but swift to show mercy. It is his delight to bless. It is better that we should be drawn to what is good by a child-like hope of God's favour, than that we be frightened to it by a slavish fear of his wrath. The blessing is promised, upon condition that they diligently hearken to the voice of God. Let them keep up religion, the form and power of it, in their families and nation, then the providence of God would prosper all their outward concerns.

vv15-44

If we do not keep God's commandments, we not only come short of the blessing promised, but we lay ourselves under the curse, which includes all misery, as the blessing all happiness. Observe the justice of this curse. It is not a curse causeless, or for some light cause. The extent and power of this curse. Wherever the sinner goes, the curse of God follows; wherever he is, it rests upon him. Whatever he has is under a curse. All his enjoyments are made bitter; he cannot take any true comfort in them, for the wrath of God mixes itself with them. Many judgments are here stated, which would be the fruits of the curse, and with which God would punish the people of the Jews, for their apostacy and disobedience. We may observe the fulfilling of these threatenings in their present state. To complete their misery, it is threatened that by these troubles they should be bereaved of all comfort and hope, and left to utter despair. Those who walk by sight, and not by faith, are in danger of losing reason itself, when every thing about them looks frightful.

vv45-68

If God inflicts vengeance, what miseries his curse can bring upon mankind, even in this present world! Yet these are but the beginning of sorrows to those under the curse of God. What then will be the misery of that world where their worm dieth not, and their fire is not quenched! Observe what is here said of the wrath of God, which should come and remain upon the Israelites for their sins. It is amazing to think that a people so long the favourites of Heaven, should be so cast off; and yet that a people so scattered in all nations should be kept distinct, and not mixed with others. If they would not serve God with cheerfulness, they should be compelled to serve their enemies. We may justly expect from God, that if we do not fear his fearful name, we shall feel his fearful plagues; for one way or other God will be feared. The destruction threatened is described. They have, indeed, been plucked from off the land, verse 63. Not only by the Babylonish captivity, and when Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans; but afterwards, when they were forbidden to set foot in Jerusalem. They should have no rest; no rest of body, verse 65, but be continually on the remove, either in hope of gain, or fear of persecution. No rest of the mind, which is much worse. They have been banished from city to city, from country to country; recalled, and banished again. These events, compared with the favour shown to Israel in ancient times, and with the prophecies about them, should not only excite astonishment, but turn unto us for a testimony, assuring us of the truth of Scripture. And when the other prophecies of their conversion to Christ shall come to pass, the whole will be a sign and a wonder to all the nations of the earth, and the forerunner of a general spread of true christianity. The fulfilling of these prophecies upon the Jewish nation, delivered more than three thousand years ago, shows that Moses spake by the Spirit of God; who not only foresees the ruin of sinners, but warns of it, that they may prevent it by a true and timely repentance, or else be left without excuse. And let us be thankful that Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, by being made a curse for us, and bearing in his own person all that punishment which our sins merit, and which we must otherwise have endured for ever. To this Refuge and salvation let sinners flee; therein let believers rejoice, and serve their reconciled God with gladness of heart, for the abundance of his spiritual blessings.

Cross References

Deuteronomy 28

The primary Levitical counterpart detailing covenant blessings for obedience.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

The primary Levitical counterpart outlining the covenant curses for national disobedience.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v53Lamentations 4:10fulfillment

Tragic historical fulfillment of mothers eating their own children during the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v532 Kings 6:29fulfillment

Literal fulfillment of the siege-cannibalism curse during the Syrian siege of Samaria.

Contrast with God's law that the king shall not cause the people to return to Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v1Exodus 19:5thematic

Establishes the foundation of the covenant relationship: obeying God's voice makes Israel a peculiar treasure.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Repeats the promise that God will set Israel high above all nations in praise and honor.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v22Leviticus 26:16thematic

Parallel covenant threat of wasting disease and burning ague/fevers.

Supported by JFB

v23Leviticus 26:19thematic

Direct parallel covenant warning of heavens made like brass and earth like iron.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v48Jeremiah 28:14fulfillment

Jeremiah uses the literal 'yoke of iron' metaphor to describe subjugation under Nebuchadnezzar.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v49Jeremiah 5:15-17allusion

Jeremiah echoes Moses by predicting a distant nation of ancient origin and incomprehensible language.

v64Leviticus 26:33thematic

The Levitical covenant parallel threatening scattering among the nations and a drawn-out sword.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v68Hosea 8:13fulfillment

Prophetic fulfillment of the threat of returning to Egypt as a judgment for sin.

Supported by JFB

v6Numbers 27:17thematic

Illustrates the Hebrew idiom 'going out and coming in' as representing all life's activities and undertakings.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The formal covenant declaration that Israel is established as God's peculiar and holy people.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v13Isaiah 9:14thematic

Prophetic use of the 'head and tail' idiom for political and moral leadership or degradation.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v25Leviticus 26:17thematic

Covenant curse of being smitten and fleeing before enemies.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v271 Samuel 5:6fulfillment

Historical fulfillment of the plague of emerods smiting the Philistines.

Supported by JFB

v27Exodus 9:9thematic

The 'botch of Egypt' refers back to the plague of boils in Exodus.

Supported by JFB

v362 Kings 17:6fulfillment

Fulfillment when the king and people of Israel were carried away to Assyria.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v37Jeremiah 24:9fulfillment

Prophetic fulfillment of becoming a reproach, a proverb, and a byword.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Directly contrasts the blessing of being a lender with the curse of becoming the borrower.

v53Leviticus 26:29thematic

The parallel covenant warning in Leviticus that predicts cannibalism under extreme siege conditions.

v60Deuteronomy 7:15contrast

Contrasts the curse of returning Egyptian diseases with God's original promise of immunity for obedience.

v62Deuteronomy 4:27thematic

Earlier Mosaic warning that Israel would be left few in number after being scattered.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

Contrasts their reduction to 'few' with their increase as the stars of heaven.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Internal reference within the curse sequence regarding serving other gods of wood and stone.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v65Leviticus 26:36thematic

Levitical parallel describing the faintness and fear of heart in the land of exile.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v68Joel 3:6fulfillment

Historical fulfillment where Jews were sold as slaves to the Grecians.

Supported by JFB

Exact structural counterpart where curses overtake the disobedient just as blessings overtake the obedient.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v12Job 38:22thematic

Poetic description of the heavens as God's storehouse or treasury of natural forces.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Direct contrast within the same chapter: under the curse, the stranger lends and Israel borrows.

Supported by JFB

v15Galatians 3:10thematic

Paul cites the curse of the law, pointing to Christ who redeemed believers from it.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Amos 4:9fulfillment

Historical fulfillment of agricultural devastation by blasting, mildew, and locusts.

Supported by JFB

v35Job 2:7thematic

Job smitten with sore boils from sole of foot to crown of head.

Supported by JFB

Internal Deuteronomy parallel regarding exile and serving other gods of wood and stone.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB