2 Kings 17WEB
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2 Kings17

World English Bible · Public Domain

1In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah, Hoshea the son of Elah began to reign in Samaria over Israel for nine years.

2He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, yet not as the kings of Israel who were before him.

3Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against him; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute.

4The king of Assyria discovered a conspiracy in Hoshea; for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and offered no tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year. Therefore the king of Assyria seized him, and bound him in prison.

5Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years.

6In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria and carried Israel away to Assyria, and placed them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.

7It was so because the children of Israel had sinned against Yahweh their God, who brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

8and walked in the statutes of the nations whom Yahweh cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they made.

9The children of Israel secretly did things that were not right against Yahweh their God; and they built high places for themselves in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fortified city;

10and they set up for themselves pillars and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree;

11and there they burned incense in all the high places, as the nations whom Yahweh carried away before them did; and they did wicked things to provoke Yahweh to anger;

12and they served idols, of which Yahweh had said to them, “You shall not do this thing.”

13Yet Yahweh testified to Israel and to Judah, by every prophet and every seer, saying, “Turn from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.”

14Notwithstanding, they would not listen, but hardened their neck like the neck of their fathers who didn’t believe in Yahweh their God.

15They rejected his statutes and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified to them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and followed the nations that were around them, concerning whom Yahweh had commanded them that they should not do like them.

16They abandoned all the commandments of Yahweh their God, and made molten images for themselves, even two calves, and made an Asherah, and worshiped all the army of the sky, and served Baal.

17They caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight, to provoke him to anger.

18Therefore Yahweh was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight. There was none left but the tribe of Judah only.

19Also Judah didn’t keep the commandments of Yahweh their God, but walked in the statutes of Israel which they made.

20Yahweh rejected all the offspring of Israel, afflicted them, and delivered them into the hands of raiders, until he had cast them out of his sight.

21For he tore Israel from David’s house; and they made Jeroboam the son of Nebat king; and Jeroboam drove Israel from following Yahweh, and made them sin a great sin.

22The children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they didn’t depart from them

23until Yahweh removed Israel out of his sight, as he said by all his servants the prophets. So Israel was carried away out of their own land to Assyria to this day.

24The king of Assyria brought people from Babylon, from Cuthah, from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria and lived in its cities.

25So it was, at the beginning of their dwelling there, that they didn’t fear Yahweh. Therefore Yahweh sent lions among them, which killed some of them.

26Therefore they spoke to the king of Assyria, saying, “The nations which you have carried away and placed in the cities of Samaria don’t know the law of the god of the land. Therefore he has sent lions among them; and behold, they kill them, because they don’t know the law of the god of the land.”

27Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, “Carry there one of the priests whom you brought from there; and let him go and dwell there, and let him teach them the law of the god of the land.”

28So one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria came and lived in Bethel, and taught them how they should fear Yahweh.

29However every nation made gods of their own, and put them in the houses of the high places which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities in which they lived.

30The men of Babylon made Succoth Benoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima,

31and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak; and the Sepharvites burned their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim.

32So they feared Yahweh, and also made from among themselves priests of the high places for themselves, who sacrificed for them in the houses of the high places.

33They feared Yahweh, and also served their own gods, after the ways of the nations from among whom they had been carried away.

34To this day they do what they did before. They don’t fear Yahweh, and they do not follow the statutes, or the ordinances, or the law, or the commandment which Yahweh commanded the children of Jacob, whom he named Israel;

35with whom Yahweh had made a covenant and commanded them, saying, “You shall not fear other gods, nor bow yourselves to them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to them;

36but you shall fear Yahweh, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt with great power and with an outstretched arm, and you shall bow yourselves to him, and you shall sacrifice to him.

37The statutes and the ordinances, and the law and the commandment which he wrote for you, you shall observe to do forever more. You shall not fear other gods.

38You shall not forget the covenant that I have made with you. You shall not fear other gods.

39But you shall fear Yahweh your God, and he will deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies.”

40However they didn’t listen, but they did what they did before.

41So these nations feared Yahweh, and also served their engraved images. Their children did likewise, and so did their children’s children. They do as their fathers did to this day.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 17.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Reign of Hoshea in Israel, The israelites carried captives by the Assyrians. (1–6). Captivity of the Israelites. (7–23). The nations placed in the land of Israel. (24–41).

vv1-6

When the measure of sin is filled up, the Lord will forbear no longer. The inhabitants of Samaria must have endured great affliction. Some of the poor Israelites were left in the land. Those who were carried captives to a great distance, were mostly lost among the nations.

vv7-23

Though the destruction of the kingdom of the ten tribes was but briefly related, it is in these verses largely commented upon, and the reasons of it given. It was destruction from the Almighty: the Assyrian was but the rod of his anger, Isa 10:5. Those that bring sin into a country or family, bring a plague into it, and will have to answer for all the mischief that follows. And vast as the outward wickedness of the world is, the secret sins, evil thoughts, desires, and purposes of mankind are much greater. There are outward sins which are marked by infamy; but ingratitude, neglect, and enmity to God, and the idolatry and impiety which proceed therefrom, are far more malignant. Without turning from every evil way, and keeping God's statutes, there can be no true godliness; but this must spring from belief of his testimony, as to wrath against all ungodliness and unrighteousness, and his mercy in Christ Jesus.

vv24-41

The terror of the Almighty will sometimes produce a forced or feigned submission in unconverted men; like those brought from different countries to inhabit Israel. But such will form unworthy thoughts of God, will expect to please him by outward forms, and will vainly try to reconcile his service with the love of the world and the indulgence of their lusts. May that fear of the Lord, which is the beginning of wisdom, possess our hearts, and influence our conduct, that we may be ready for every change. Wordly settlements are uncertain; we know not whither we may be driven before we die, and we must soon leave the world; but the righteous hath chosen that good part which shall not be taken from him.

Cross References

2 Kings 17
v12 Kings 15:30thematic

Explains chronological difficulty regarding the start of Hoshea's reign in the twelfth year of Ahaz.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Hosea 10:14allusion

Prophetic naming of Shalmaneser (Shalman) who came up against Hoshea and spoiled Israel.

Supported by JFB

v62 Kings 17:24thematic

Direct textual link detailing the relocation of foreign peoples into the cities of Samaria.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v24Ezra 4:2-10thematic

Provides historical continuation of the mixed populations imported by Esarhaddon into Samaria.

Supported by JFB

v3Isaiah 10:5thematic

Theological framing of the king of Assyria as the rod of God's anger.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Hosea 7:11thematic

Prophetic critique of Israel's silly political wavering between Egypt and Assyria.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v161 Kings 12:28allusion

Jeroboam's setting up of the two molten calves, which Israel continued to worship.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v182 Kings 23:27thematic

Parallels God's rejection and removal of Judah, similar to the removal of Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v321 Kings 13:33thematic

Echoes Jeroboam's practice of making priests of the lowest of the people.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v62 Kings 17:23thematic

Repeats the summary statement of Israel being carried away for their sins.

Supported by JFB

v172 Kings 16:3thematic

Refers to Ahaz passing his son through fire, mirroring Israel's child sacrifices.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v27John 4:22thematic

Jesus critiques Samaritan worship as ignorance of the true God, reflecting verse 27.

Supported by JFB

v281 Kings 12:29-32thematic

Dwellers of Bethel returning to the worship site established by Jeroboam.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Specific Deuteronomic prohibition against burning children in fire to false gods.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v34Genesis 32:28allusion

Identifies the historical renaming of Jacob as Israel mentioned in verse 34.

Supported by Matthew Poole