2 Kings 17ASV
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2 Kings17

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah began Hoshea the son of Elah to reign in Samaria over Israel, and reigned nine years.

2And he did that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah, yet not as the kings of Israel that were before him.

3Against him came up Shalmaneser king of Assyria; and Hoshea became his servant, and brought him tribute.

4And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea; for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and offered no tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison.

5Then the king of Assyria came up throughout all the land, and went up to Samaria, and besieged it three years.

6In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away unto Assyria, and placed them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.

7And it was so, because the children of Israel had sinned against Jehovah their God, who brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

8and walked in the statutes of the nations, whom Jehovah cast out from before the children of Israel, and of the kings of Israel, which they made.

9And the children of Israel did secretly things that were not right against Jehovah their God: and they built them high places in all their cities, from the tower of the watchmen to the fortified city;

10and they set them up pillars and Asherim upon every high hill, and under every green tree;

11and there they burnt incense in all the high places, as did the nations whom Jehovah carried away before them; and they wrought wicked things to provoke Jehovah to anger;

12and they served idols, whereof Jehovah had said unto them, Ye shall not do this thing.

13Yet Jehovah testified unto Israel, and unto Judah, by every prophet, and every seer, saying, Turn ye from your evil ways, and keep my commandments and my statutes, according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you by my servants the prophets.

14Notwithstanding, they would not hear, but hardened their neck, like to the neck of their fathers, who believed not in Jehovah their God.

15And they rejected his statutes, and his covenant that he made with their fathers, and his testimonies which he testified unto them; and they followed vanity, and became vain, and went after the nations that were round about them, concerning whom Jehovah had charged them that they should not do like them.

16And they forsook all the commandments of Jehovah their God, and made them molten images, even two calves, and made an Asherah, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served Baal.

17And they caused their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire, and used divination and enchantments, and sold themselves to do that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah, to provoke him to anger.

18Therefore Jehovah was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight: there was none left but the tribe of Judah only.

19Also Judah kept not the commandments of Jehovah their God, but walked in the statutes of Israel which they made.

20And Jehovah rejected all the seed of Israel, and afflicted them, and delivered them into the hand of spoilers, until he had cast them out of his sight.

21For he rent Israel from the house of David; and they made Jeroboam the son of Nebat king: and Jeroboam drove Israel from following Jehovah, and made them sin a great sin.

22And the children of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they departed not from them;

23until Jehovah removed Israel out of his sight, as he spake by all his servants the prophets. So Israel was carried away out of their own land to Assyria unto this day.

24And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof.

25And so it was, at the beginning of their dwelling there, that they feared not Jehovah: therefore Jehovah sent lions among them, which killed some of them.

26Wherefore they spake to the king of Assyria, saying, The nations which thou hast carried away, and placed in the cities of Samaria, know not the law of the god of the land: therefore he hath sent lions among them, and, behold, they slay them, because they know not the law of the god of the land.

27Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, Carry thither one of the priests whom ye brought from thence; and let them go and dwell there, and let him teach them the law of the god of the land.

28So one of the priests whom they had carried away from Samaria came and dwelt in Beth-el, and taught them how they should fear Jehovah.

29Howbeit every nation made gods of their own, and put them in the houses of the high places which the Samaritans had made, every nation in their cities wherein they dwelt.

30And the men of Babylon made Succoth-benoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and the men of Hamath made Ashima,

31and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak; and the Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim.

32So they feared Jehovah, and made unto them from among themselves priests of the high places, who sacrificed for them in the houses of the high places.

33They feared Jehovah, and served their own gods, after the manner of the nations from among whom they had been carried away.

34Unto this day they do after the former manner: they fear not Jehovah, neither do they after their statutes, or after their ordinances, or after the law or after the commandment which Jehovah commanded the children of Jacob, whom he named Israel;

35with whom Jehovah had made a covenant, and charged them, saying, Ye shall not fear other gods, nor bow yourselves to them, nor serve them, nor sacrifice to them:

36but Jehovah, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt with great power and with an outstretched arm, him shall ye fear, and unto him shall ye bow yourselves, and to him shall ye sacrifice:

37and the statutes and the ordinances, and the law and the commandment, which he wrote for you, ye shall observe to do for evermore; and ye shall not fear other gods:

38and the covenant that I have made with you ye shall not forget; neither shall ye fear other gods:

39but Jehovah your God shall ye fear; and he will deliver you out of the hand of all your enemies.

40Howbeit they did not hearken, but they did after their former manner.

41So these nations feared Jehovah, and served their graven images; their children likewise, and their children’s children, as did their fathers, so do they unto this day.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 17.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Reign of Hoshea in Israel, The israelites carried captives by the Assyrians. (1–6). Captivity of the Israelites. (7–23). The nations placed in the land of Israel. (24–41).

vv1-6

When the measure of sin is filled up, the Lord will forbear no longer. The inhabitants of Samaria must have endured great affliction. Some of the poor Israelites were left in the land. Those who were carried captives to a great distance, were mostly lost among the nations.

vv7-23

Though the destruction of the kingdom of the ten tribes was but briefly related, it is in these verses largely commented upon, and the reasons of it given. It was destruction from the Almighty: the Assyrian was but the rod of his anger, Isa 10:5. Those that bring sin into a country or family, bring a plague into it, and will have to answer for all the mischief that follows. And vast as the outward wickedness of the world is, the secret sins, evil thoughts, desires, and purposes of mankind are much greater. There are outward sins which are marked by infamy; but ingratitude, neglect, and enmity to God, and the idolatry and impiety which proceed therefrom, are far more malignant. Without turning from every evil way, and keeping God's statutes, there can be no true godliness; but this must spring from belief of his testimony, as to wrath against all ungodliness and unrighteousness, and his mercy in Christ Jesus.

vv24-41

The terror of the Almighty will sometimes produce a forced or feigned submission in unconverted men; like those brought from different countries to inhabit Israel. But such will form unworthy thoughts of God, will expect to please him by outward forms, and will vainly try to reconcile his service with the love of the world and the indulgence of their lusts. May that fear of the Lord, which is the beginning of wisdom, possess our hearts, and influence our conduct, that we may be ready for every change. Wordly settlements are uncertain; we know not whither we may be driven before we die, and we must soon leave the world; but the righteous hath chosen that good part which shall not be taken from him.

Cross References

2 Kings 17
v12 Kings 15:30thematic

Explains chronological difficulty regarding the start of Hoshea's reign in the twelfth year of Ahaz.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Hosea 10:14allusion

Prophetic naming of Shalmaneser (Shalman) who came up against Hoshea and spoiled Israel.

Supported by JFB

v62 Kings 17:24thematic

Direct textual link detailing the relocation of foreign peoples into the cities of Samaria.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v24Ezra 4:2-10thematic

Provides historical continuation of the mixed populations imported by Esarhaddon into Samaria.

Supported by JFB

v3Isaiah 10:5thematic

Theological framing of the king of Assyria as the rod of God's anger.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Hosea 7:11thematic

Prophetic critique of Israel's silly political wavering between Egypt and Assyria.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v161 Kings 12:28allusion

Jeroboam's setting up of the two molten calves, which Israel continued to worship.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v182 Kings 23:27thematic

Parallels God's rejection and removal of Judah, similar to the removal of Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v321 Kings 13:33thematic

Echoes Jeroboam's practice of making priests of the lowest of the people.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v62 Kings 17:23thematic

Repeats the summary statement of Israel being carried away for their sins.

Supported by JFB

v172 Kings 16:3thematic

Refers to Ahaz passing his son through fire, mirroring Israel's child sacrifices.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v27John 4:22thematic

Jesus critiques Samaritan worship as ignorance of the true God, reflecting verse 27.

Supported by JFB

v281 Kings 12:29-32thematic

Dwellers of Bethel returning to the worship site established by Jeroboam.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Specific Deuteronomic prohibition against burning children in fire to false gods.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v34Genesis 32:28allusion

Identifies the historical renaming of Jacob as Israel mentioned in verse 34.

Supported by Matthew Poole