Deuteronomy 4WEB
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Deuteronomy4

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Now, Israel, listen to the statutes and to the ordinances which I teach you, to do them, that you may live and go in and possess the land which Yahweh, the God of your fathers, gives you.

2You shall not add to the word which I command you, neither shall you take away from it, that you may keep the commandments of Yahweh your God which I command you.

3Your eyes have seen what Yahweh did because of Baal Peor; for Yahweh your God has destroyed all the men who followed Baal Peor from among you.

4But you who were faithful to Yahweh your God are all alive today.

5Behold, I have taught you statutes and ordinances, even as Yahweh my God commanded me, that you should do so in the middle of the land where you go in to possess it.

6Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples who shall hear all these statutes and say, “Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.”

7For what great nation is there that has a god so near to them as Yahweh our God is whenever we call on him?

8What great nation is there that has statutes and ordinances so righteous as all this law which I set before you today?

9Only be careful, and keep your soul diligently, lest you forget the things which your eyes saw, and lest they depart from your heart all the days of your life; but make them known to your children and your children’s children—

10the day that you stood before Yahweh your God in Horeb, when Yahweh said to me, “Assemble the people to me, and I will make them hear my words, that they may learn to fear me all the days that they live on the earth, and that they may teach their children.”

11You came near and stood under the mountain. The mountain burned with fire to the heart of the sky, with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness.

12Yahweh spoke to you out of the middle of the fire: you heard the voice of words, but you saw no form; you only heard a voice.

13He declared to you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, even the ten commandments. He wrote them on two stone tablets.

14Yahweh commanded me at that time to teach you statutes and ordinances, that you might do them in the land where you go over to possess it.

15Be very careful, for you saw no kind of form on the day that Yahweh spoke to you in Horeb out of the middle of the fire,

16lest you corrupt yourselves, and make yourself a carved image in the form of any figure, the likeness of male or female,

17the likeness of any animal that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged bird that flies in the sky,

18the likeness of anything that creeps on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the water under the earth;

19and lest you lift up your eyes to the sky, and when you see the sun and the moon and the stars, even all the army of the sky, you are drawn away and worship them, and serve them, which Yahweh your God has allotted to all the peoples under the whole sky.

20But Yahweh has taken you, and brought you out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt, to be to him a people of inheritance, as it is today.

21Furthermore Yahweh was angry with me for your sakes, and swore that I should not go over the Jordan, and that I should not go in to that good land which Yahweh your God gives you for an inheritance;

22but I must die in this land. I must not go over the Jordan, but you shall go over and possess that good land.

23Be careful, lest you forget the covenant of Yahweh your God, which he made with you, and make yourselves a carved image in the form of anything which Yahweh your God has forbidden you.

24For Yahweh your God is a devouring fire, a jealous God.

25When you father children and children’s children, and you have been long in the land, and then corrupt yourselves, and make a carved image in the form of anything, and do that which is evil in Yahweh your God’s sight to provoke him to anger,

26I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that you will soon utterly perish from off the land which you go over the Jordan to possess it. You will not prolong your days on it, but will utterly be destroyed.

27Yahweh will scatter you among the peoples, and you will be left few in number among the nations where Yahweh will lead you away.

28There you will serve gods, the work of men’s hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.

29But from there you shall seek Yahweh your God, and you will find him when you search after him with all your heart and with all your soul.

30When you are in oppression, and all these things have come on you, in the latter days you shall return to Yahweh your God and listen to his voice.

31For Yahweh your God is a merciful God. He will not fail you nor destroy you, nor forget the covenant of your fathers which he swore to them.

32For ask now of the days that are past, which were before you, since the day that God created man on the earth, and from the one end of the sky to the other, whether there has been anything as great as this thing is, or has been heard like it?

33Did a people ever hear the voice of God speaking out of the middle of the fire, as you have heard, and live?

34Or has God tried to go and take a nation for himself from among another nation, by trials, by signs, by wonders, by war, by a mighty hand, by an outstretched arm, and by great terrors, according to all that Yahweh your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes?

35It was shown to you so that you might know that Yahweh is God. There is no one else besides him.

36Out of heaven he made you to hear his voice, that he might instruct you. On earth he made you to see his great fire; and you heard his words out of the middle of the fire.

37Because he loved your fathers, therefore he chose their offspring after them, and brought you out with his presence, with his great power, out of Egypt;

38to drive out nations from before you greater and mightier than you, to bring you in, to give you their land for an inheritance, as it is today.

39Know therefore today, and take it to heart, that Yahweh himself is God in heaven above and on the earth beneath. There is no one else.

40You shall keep his statutes and his commandments which I command you today, that it may go well with you and with your children after you, and that you may prolong your days in the land which Yahweh your God gives you for all time.

41Then Moses set apart three cities beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise,

42that the man slayer might flee there, who kills his neighbor unintentionally and didn’t hate him in time past, and that fleeing to one of these cities he might live:

43Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain country, for the Reubenites; and Ramoth in Gilead for the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan for the Manassites.

44This is the law which Moses set before the children of Israel.

45These are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the ordinances which Moses spoke to the children of Israel when they came out of Egypt,

46beyond the Jordan, in the valley opposite Beth Peor, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon, whom Moses and the children of Israel struck when they came out of Egypt.

47They took possession of his land and the land of Og king of Bashan, the two kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise;

48from Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, even to Mount Zion (also called Hermon),

49and all the Arabah beyond the Jordan eastward, even to the sea of the Arabah, under the slopes of Pisgah.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 4.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry. (1–23). Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy. (24–40). Cities of refuge appointed. (41–49).

vv1-23

The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their national covenant, yet all may be applied to those who live under the gospel. What are laws made for but to be observed and obeyed? Our obedience as individuals cannot merit salvation; but it is the only evidence that we are partakers of the gift of God, which is eternal life through Jesus Christ, Considering how many temptations we are compassed with, and what corrupt desires we have in our bosoms, we have great need to keep our hearts with all diligence. Those cannot walk aright, who walk carelessly. Moses charges particularly to take heed of the sin of idolatry. He shows how weak the temptation would be to those who thought aright; for these pretended gods, the sun, moon, and stars, were only blessings which the Lord their God had imparted to all nations. It is absurd to worship them; shall we serve those that were made to serve us? Take heed lest ye forget the covenant of the Lord your God. We must take heed lest at any time we forget our religion. Care, caution, and watchfulness, are helps against a bad memory.

vv24-40

Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by the mercies of God to cleave to him. Moses urged God's authority over them, and their obligations to him. In keeping God's commandments they would act wisely for themselves. The fear of the Lord, that is wisdom. Those who enjoy the benefit of Divine light and laws, ought to support their character for wisdom and honour, that God may be glorified thereby. Those who call upon God, shall certainly find him within call, ready to give an answer of peace to every prayer of faith. All these statutes and judgments of the Divine law are just and righteous, above the statutes and judgments of any of the nations. What they saw at mount Sinai, gave an earnest of the day of judgment, in which the Lord Jesus shall be revealed in flaming fire. They must also remember what they heard at mount Sinai. God manifests himself in the works of the creation, without speech or language, yet their voice is heard, Ps 19:1, 3; but to Israel he made himself known by speech and language, condescending to their weakness. The rise of this nation was quite different from the origin of all other nations. See the reasons of free grace; we are not beloved for our own sakes, but for Christ's sake. Moses urged the certain benefit and advantage of obedience. This argument he had begun with, verse 1, That ye may live, and go in and possess the land; and this he concludes with, verse 40, That it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee. He reminds them that their prosperity would depend upon their piety. Apostacy from God would undoubtedly be the ruin of their nation. He foresees their revolt from God to idols. Those, and those only, shall find God to their comfort, who seek him with all their heart. Afflictions engage and quicken us to seek God; and, by the grace of God working with them, many are thus brought back to their right mind. When these things are come upon thee, turn to the Lord thy God, for thou seest what comes of turning from him. Let all the arguments be laid together, and then say, if religion has not reason on its side. None cast off the government of their God, but those who first abandon the understanding of a man.

vv41-49

Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. These are the laws, given when Israel was newly come out of Egypt; and they were now repeated. Moses gave these laws in charge, while they encamped over against Beth-peor, an idol place of the Moabites. Their present triumphs were a powerful argument for obedience. And we should understand our own situation as sinners, and the nature of that gracious covenant to which we are invited. Therein greater things are shown to us than ever Israel saw from mount Sinai; greater mercies are given to us than they experienced in the wilderness, or in Canaan. One speaks to us, who is of infinitely greater dignity than Moses; who bare our sins upon the cross; and pleads with us by His dying love.

Cross References

Deuteronomy 4

Direct parallel forbidding adding to or diminishing from God's commands.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Numbers 25:1-9thematic

The historical account of the judgment at Baal-peor referenced by Moses.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v24Hebrews 12:29quotation

Directly quotes 'our God is a consuming fire' in the context of the Sinai revelation.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v43Joshua 20:8fulfillment

Direct historical fulfillment of Moses setting apart these three specific cities of refuge east of Jordan.

v20Jeremiah 11:4thematic

Explicitly links Egypt with the metaphor of the iron furnace.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v201 Kings 8:51thematic

Solomon's prayer repeating the 'iron furnace' description of the Exodus.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v24Exodus 34:14thematic

Parallels God's self-revelation as a 'jealous God' who demands exclusive worship.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Deuteronomy's ultimate promise of restoration and gathering when seeking God from captivity.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v29Jeremiah 29:13thematic

Prophetic fulfillment of finding God when searched for with all the heart in exile.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v41Numbers 35:14thematic

The original command from Yahweh to designate three cities of refuge on this side of Jordan.

v2Proverbs 30:6thematic

Wisdom literature parallel warning against adding to God's words.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Matthew 15:9thematic

Jesus condemns teaching human commandments as divine doctrines.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v11Exodus 19:16thematic

The original historical account of the fire, thick cloud, and darkness at Sinai.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The explicit covenant warning of being scattered and serving gods of wood and stone.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Psalms 115:4-7thematic

Classic polemic detailing the utter helplessness of idols made by human hands.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v36Hebrews 12:18allusion

New Testament comparison to the terrifying sights and sounds of the fire at Sinai.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Expands on election based purely on God's love and oath to the patriarchs.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Stresses that driving out mightier nations was God's work, not Israel's righteousness.

Supported by John Calvin

v42Deuteronomy 19:4thematic

Elaborates the legal definition of manslaughter without prior hatred or intent, matching the terminology here.

v46Numbers 21:21-32thematic

Historical account of the defeat of Sihon, king of the Amorites, in the land mentioned here.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v47Numbers 21:33-35thematic

Historical account of the defeat of Og, king of Bashan, whose land was possessed.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v61 Kings 10:6-9fulfillment

The Queen of Sheba's confession exemplifies nations recognizing Israel's wisdom.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v6Job 28:28thematic

Wisdom literature defining the fear of the Lord as true understanding.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Internal repetition warning against forgetting the covenant and making graven images.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v11Hebrews 12:18allusion

New Testament description of the terrifying physical phenomena at Sinai/Horeb.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Exodus 20:4thematic

The Second Commandment prohibiting the creation of any graven image.

Supported by JFB

v17Romans 1:23thematic

Paul describes the pagan corruption of God's glory into animal images.

Supported by JFB

v21Deuteronomy 1:37thematic

Provides the background for Moses being barred from Jordan because of the people.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v26Deuteronomy 32:1thematic

Moses formally summons heaven and earth as perpetual legal witnesses against Israel.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v31Numbers 14:18thematic

Affirms God's merciful nature and commitment to covenant loyalty despite rebellion.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v33Exodus 19:19allusion

The historical account of the voice speaking out of the thick cloud.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v35Deuteronomy 6:4thematic

The foundational Shema affirming that the Lord is one and there is none else.

Supported by JFB

Reiterates the core Deuteronomic promise of prolonged life and blessing through obedience.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v44Deuteronomy 1:5thematic

Parallels the introductory statement of Moses declaring or setting forth the law beyond Jordan.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v49Deuteronomy 3:17thematic

Parallel geographical description of the Salt Sea under the slopes of Pisgah eastward.

Parallel summary of Israel's duty to fear, walk with, and serve God.

Supported by Matthew Henry