Proverbs30
World English Bible · Public Domain
1The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, the revelation: the man says to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal:
2“Surely I am the most ignorant man, and don’t have a man’s understanding.
3I have not learned wisdom, neither do I have the knowledge of the Holy One.
4Who has ascended up into heaven, and descended? Who has gathered the wind in his fists? Who has bound the waters in his garment? Who has established all the ends of the earth? What is his name, and what is his son’s name, if you know?
5“Every word of God is flawless. He is a shield to those who take refuge in him.
6Don’t you add to his words, lest he reprove you, and you be found a liar.
7“Two things I have asked of you. Don’t deny me before I die.
8Remove far from me falsehood and lies. Give me neither poverty nor riches. Feed me with the food that is needful for me,
9lest I be full, deny you, and say, ‘Who is Yahweh?’ or lest I be poor, and steal, and so dishonor the name of my God.
10“Don’t slander a servant to his master, lest he curse you, and you be held guilty.
11There is a generation that curses their father, and doesn’t bless their mother.
12There is a generation that is pure in their own eyes, yet are not washed from their filthiness.
13There is a generation, oh how lofty are their eyes! Their eyelids are lifted up.
14There is a generation whose teeth are like swords, and their jaws like knives, to devour the poor from the earth, and the needy from among men.
15“The leech has two daughters: ‘Give, give.’ “There are three things that are never satisfied; four that don’t say, ‘Enough!’:
16Sheol, the barren womb, the earth that is not satisfied with water, and the fire that doesn’t say, ‘Enough!’
17“The eye that mocks at his father, and scorns obedience to his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, the young eagles shall eat it.
18“There are three things which are too amazing for me, four which I don’t understand:
19The way of an eagle in the air, the way of a serpent on a rock, the way of a ship in the middle of the sea, and the way of a man with a maiden.
20“So is the way of an adulterous woman: She eats and wipes her mouth, and says, ‘I have done nothing wrong.’
21“For three things the earth trembles, and under four, it can’t bear up:
22For a servant when he is king, a fool when he is filled with food,
23for an unloved woman when she is married, and a servant who is heir to her mistress.
24“There are four things which are little on the earth, but they are exceedingly wise:
25The ants are not a strong people, yet they provide their food in the summer.
26The hyraxes are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks.
27The locusts have no king, yet they advance in ranks.
28You can catch a lizard with your hands, yet it is in kings’ palaces.
29“There are three things which are stately in their march, four which are stately in going:
30The lion, which is mightiest among animals, and doesn’t turn away for any;
31the greyhound; the male goat; and the king against whom there is no rising up.
32“If you have done foolishly in lifting up yourself, or if you have thought evil, put your hand over your mouth.
33For as the churning of milk produces butter, and the wringing of the nose produces blood, so the forcing of wrath produces strife.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 30.
vv1-6
Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In verse 4, there is a prophetic notice of Him who came down from heaven to be our Instructor and Saviour, and then ascended into heaven to be our Advocate. The Messiah is here spoken of as a Person distinct from the Father, but his name as yet secret. The great Redeemer, in the glories of his providence and grace, cannot be found out to perfection. Had it not been for Christ, the foundations of the earth had sunk under the load of the curse upon the ground, for man's sin. Who, and what is the mighty One that doeth all this? There is not the least ground to suspect anything wanting in the word of God; adding to his words opens the way to errors and corruptions.
vv7-9
Agur wisely prayed for a middle state, that he might be kept at a distance from temptations; he asked daily bread suited to his station, his family, and his real good. There is a remarkable similarity between this prayer and several clauses of the Lord's prayer. If we are removed from vanity and lies; if we are interested in the pardoning love of Christ, and have him for our portion; if we walk with God, then we shall have all we can ask or think, as to spiritual things. When we consider how those who have abundance are prone to abuse the gift, and what it is to suffer want, Agur's prayer will ever be found a wise one, though seldom offered. Food convenient; what is so for one, may not be so for another; but we may be sure that our heavenly Father will supply all our need, and not suffer us to want anything good for us; and why should we wish for more?
v10
Slander not a servant to his master, accuse him not in small matters, to make mischief.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָגוּר: Agur, a fanciful name for Solomon
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יָקֶה: Jakeh, a symbolical name (for Solomon)
מַשָּׂא: a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly adoom, especially singing; mental, desire
גֶּבֶר: properly, a valiant man or warrior; generally, a person simply
נְאֻם: an oracle
אִיתִיאֵל: Ithiel, the name of an Israelite, also of a symbolical person
אֻכָל: Ucal, a fancy name
כִּי: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
Cross References
Proverbs 30Our Lord references this question of ascending/descending to establish His divine origin and unique revelatory authority.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Strict canonical prohibition against adding to or taking away from God's perfect revealed words.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct parallel in Proverbs comparing the industrious ant who prepares its food in summer.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Poole notes Agur's humble self-assessment parallels Amos's description of being unlearned in prophetic schools.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Asks who will go up to heaven for us, highlighting human inability to fetch divine wisdom.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the purity of God's word, compared to silver tried and purified seven times.
Supported by JFB
Declares that God's word is very pure, prompting the servant's love and trust.
Supported by JFB
The warning that physical fullness leads to forgetting and denying the Lord, exactly as Agur fears.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The exact physical gesture of laying a hand on the mouth in humble silence before God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Paul uses the ascending/descending phrasing to point to Christ's incarnation and resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The final warning of Scripture echoing the prohibition of adding to the words of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the social disorder of a servant ruling over princes or holding high authority.
Supported by JFB
Historical example of a handmaid (Hagar) despising her mistress after obtaining a higher status.
Supported by JFB
Direct reference to the conies (feeble rock dwellers) making their refuge in the high hills.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The mysterious angel asks why Jacob inquires of his name, hinting at God's unsearchable nature.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament warning against judging or accusing another's servant, who stands or falls to his master.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the numerical proverb style ('there are three, yea, four') used elsewhere in Proverbs.
Supported by JFB
Proverbs' specific warning of severe judgment on children who curse or mock their parents.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the unnatural oppression when a needy or servant-class person gains power.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates how the forcing or initiation of contention is like letting out water.
Supported by Matthew Henry