Proverbs30
New International Version
1The sayings of Agur son of Jakeh—an inspired utterance. This man’s utterance to Ithiel: “I am weary, God, but I can prevail.
2Surely I am only a brute, not a man; I do not have human understanding.
3I have not learned wisdom, nor have I attained to the knowledge of the Holy One.
4Who has gone up to heaven and come down? Whose hands have gathered up the wind? Who has wrapped up the waters in a cloak? Who has established all the ends of the earth? What is his name, and what is the name of his son? Surely you know!
5“Every word of God is flawless; he is a shield to those who take refuge in him.
6Do not add to his words, or he will rebuke you and prove you a liar.
7“Two things I ask of you, Lord; do not refuse me before I die:
8Keep falsehood and lies far from me; give me neither poverty nor riches, but give me only my daily bread.
9Otherwise, I may have too much and disown you and say, ‘Who is the Lord?’ Or I may become poor and steal, and so dishonor the name of my God.
10“Do not slander a servant to their master, or they will curse you, and you will pay for it.
11“There are those who curse their fathers and do not bless their mothers;
12those who are pure in their own eyes and yet are not cleansed of their filth;
13those whose eyes are ever so haughty, whose glances are so disdainful;
14those whose teeth are swords and whose jaws are set with knives to devour the poor from the earth and the needy from among mankind.
15“The leech has two daughters. ‘Give! Give!’ they cry. “There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, ‘Enough!’:
16the grave, the barren womb, land, which is never satisfied with water, and fire, which never says, ‘Enough!’
17“The eye that mocks a father, that scorns an aged mother, will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley, will be eaten by the vultures.
18“There are three things that are too amazing for me, four that I do not understand:
19the way of an eagle in the sky, the way of a snake on a rock, the way of a ship on the high seas, and the way of a man with a young woman.
20“This is the way of an adulterous woman: She eats and wipes her mouth and says, ‘I’ve done nothing wrong.’
21“Under three things the earth trembles, under four it cannot bear up:
22a servant who becomes king, a godless fool who gets plenty to eat,
23a contemptible woman who gets married, and a servant who displaces her mistress.
24“Four things on earth are small, yet they are extremely wise:
25Ants are creatures of little strength, yet they store up their food in the summer;
26hyraxes are creatures of little power, yet they make their home in the crags;
27locusts have no king, yet they advance together in ranks;
28a lizard can be caught with the hand, yet it is found in kings’ palaces.
29“There are three things that are stately in their stride, four that move with stately bearing:
30a lion, mighty among beasts, who retreats before nothing;
31a strutting rooster, a he-goat, and a king secure against revolt.
32“If you play the fool and exalt yourself, or if you plan evil, clap your hand over your mouth!
33For as churning cream produces butter, and as twisting the nose produces blood, so stirring up anger produces strife.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 30.
vv1-6
Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In verse 4, there is a prophetic notice of Him who came down from heaven to be our Instructor and Saviour, and then ascended into heaven to be our Advocate. The Messiah is here spoken of as a Person distinct from the Father, but his name as yet secret. The great Redeemer, in the glories of his providence and grace, cannot be found out to perfection. Had it not been for Christ, the foundations of the earth had sunk under the load of the curse upon the ground, for man's sin. Who, and what is the mighty One that doeth all this? There is not the least ground to suspect anything wanting in the word of God; adding to his words opens the way to errors and corruptions.
vv7-9
Agur wisely prayed for a middle state, that he might be kept at a distance from temptations; he asked daily bread suited to his station, his family, and his real good. There is a remarkable similarity between this prayer and several clauses of the Lord's prayer. If we are removed from vanity and lies; if we are interested in the pardoning love of Christ, and have him for our portion; if we walk with God, then we shall have all we can ask or think, as to spiritual things. When we consider how those who have abundance are prone to abuse the gift, and what it is to suffer want, Agur's prayer will ever be found a wise one, though seldom offered. Food convenient; what is so for one, may not be so for another; but we may be sure that our heavenly Father will supply all our need, and not suffer us to want anything good for us; and why should we wish for more?
v10
Slander not a servant to his master, accuse him not in small matters, to make mischief.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָגוּר: Agur, a fanciful name for Solomon
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יָקֶה: Jakeh, a symbolical name (for Solomon)
מַשָּׂא: a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly adoom, especially singing; mental, desire
גֶּבֶר: properly, a valiant man or warrior; generally, a person simply
נְאֻם: an oracle
אִיתִיאֵל: Ithiel, the name of an Israelite, also of a symbolical person
אֻכָל: Ucal, a fancy name
כִּי: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
Cross References
Proverbs 30Our Lord references this question of ascending/descending to establish His divine origin and unique revelatory authority.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Strict canonical prohibition against adding to or taking away from God's perfect revealed words.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct parallel in Proverbs comparing the industrious ant who prepares its food in summer.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Poole notes Agur's humble self-assessment parallels Amos's description of being unlearned in prophetic schools.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Asks who will go up to heaven for us, highlighting human inability to fetch divine wisdom.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the purity of God's word, compared to silver tried and purified seven times.
Supported by JFB
Declares that God's word is very pure, prompting the servant's love and trust.
Supported by JFB
The warning that physical fullness leads to forgetting and denying the Lord, exactly as Agur fears.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The exact physical gesture of laying a hand on the mouth in humble silence before God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Paul uses the ascending/descending phrasing to point to Christ's incarnation and resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The final warning of Scripture echoing the prohibition of adding to the words of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the social disorder of a servant ruling over princes or holding high authority.
Supported by JFB
Historical example of a handmaid (Hagar) despising her mistress after obtaining a higher status.
Supported by JFB
Direct reference to the conies (feeble rock dwellers) making their refuge in the high hills.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The mysterious angel asks why Jacob inquires of his name, hinting at God's unsearchable nature.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament warning against judging or accusing another's servant, who stands or falls to his master.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the numerical proverb style ('there are three, yea, four') used elsewhere in Proverbs.
Supported by JFB
Proverbs' specific warning of severe judgment on children who curse or mock their parents.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the unnatural oppression when a needy or servant-class person gains power.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates how the forcing or initiation of contention is like letting out water.
Supported by Matthew Henry