Proverbs 30NASB
Books
All books

Proverbs30

New American Standard

1The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, the pronouncement. The man declares to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal:

2I am certainly more stupid than any man, And I do not have the understanding of a man;

3Nor have I learned wisdom, Nor do I have the knowledge of the Holy One.

4Who has ascended into heaven and descended? Who has gathered the wind in His fists? Who has wrapped the waters in His garment? Who has established all the ends of the earth? What is His name or His Son’s name? Surely you know!

5Every word of God is pure; He is a shield to those who take refuge in Him.

6Do not add to His words Or He will rebuke you, and you will be proved a liar.

7Two things I have asked of You; Do not refuse me before I die:

8Keep deception and lies far from me, Give me neither poverty nor riches; Feed me with the food that is my portion,

9So that I will not be full and deny You and say, “Who is the Lord?” And that I will not become impoverished and steal, And profane the name of my God.

10Do not slander a slave to his master, Or he will curse you and you will be found guilty.

11There is a kind of person who curses his father And does not bless his mother.

12There is a kind who is pure in his own eyes, Yet is not washed from his filthiness.

13There is a kind—oh how lofty are his eyes! And his eyelids are raised in arrogance.

14There is a kind of person whose teeth are like swords And his jaw teeth like knives, To devour the poor from the earth And the needy from among mankind.

15The leech has two daughters: “Give” and “Give.” There are three things that will not be satisfied, Four that will not say, “Enough”:

16Sheol, the infertile womb, Earth that is never satisfied with water, And fire that never says, “Enough.”

17The eye that mocks a father And scorns a mother, The ravens of the valley will pick it out, And the young eagles will eat it.

18There are three things which are too wonderful for me, Four which I do not understand:

19The way of the eagle in the sky, The way of a snake on a rock, The way of a ship in the middle of the sea, And the way of a man with a virgin.

20This is the way of an adulterous woman: She eats and wipes her mouth, And says, “I have done no wrong.”

21Under three things the earth quakes, And under four, it cannot endure:

22Under a slave when he becomes king, And a fool when he is satisfied with food,

23Under an unloved woman when she gets a husband, And a female servant when she dispossesses her mistress.

24Four things are small on the earth, But they are exceedingly wise:

25The ants are not a strong people, But they prepare their food in the summer;

26The rock hyraxes are not a mighty people, Yet they make their houses in the rocks;

27The locusts have no king, Yet all of them go out in ranks;

28The lizard you may grasp with the hands, Yet it is in kings’ palaces.

29There are three things which are stately in their march, Even four which are stately when they walk:

30The lion, which is mighty among animals And does not retreat from anything,

31The strutting rooster or the male goat, And a king when his army is with him.

32If you have been foolish in exalting yourself, Or if you have plotted evil, put your hand on your mouth.

33For the churning of milk produces butter, And pressing the nose produces blood; So the churning of anger produces strife.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 30.

Full AI study →

vv1-6

Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In verse 4, there is a prophetic notice of Him who came down from heaven to be our Instructor and Saviour, and then ascended into heaven to be our Advocate. The Messiah is here spoken of as a Person distinct from the Father, but his name as yet secret. The great Redeemer, in the glories of his providence and grace, cannot be found out to perfection. Had it not been for Christ, the foundations of the earth had sunk under the load of the curse upon the ground, for man's sin. Who, and what is the mighty One that doeth all this? There is not the least ground to suspect anything wanting in the word of God; adding to his words opens the way to errors and corruptions.

vv7-9

Agur wisely prayed for a middle state, that he might be kept at a distance from temptations; he asked daily bread suited to his station, his family, and his real good. There is a remarkable similarity between this prayer and several clauses of the Lord's prayer. If we are removed from vanity and lies; if we are interested in the pardoning love of Christ, and have him for our portion; if we walk with God, then we shall have all we can ask or think, as to spiritual things. When we consider how those who have abundance are prone to abuse the gift, and what it is to suffer want, Agur's prayer will ever be found a wise one, though seldom offered. Food convenient; what is so for one, may not be so for another; but we may be sure that our heavenly Father will supply all our need, and not suffer us to want anything good for us; and why should we wish for more?

v10

Slander not a servant to his master, accuse him not in small matters, to make mischief.

Cross References

Proverbs 30
v4John 3:13allusion

Our Lord references this question of ascending/descending to establish His divine origin and unique revelatory authority.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v6Deuteronomy 4:2thematic

Strict canonical prohibition against adding to or taking away from God's perfect revealed words.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v25Proverbs 6:6-8thematic

Direct parallel in Proverbs comparing the industrious ant who prepares its food in summer.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3Amos 7:14thematic

Poole notes Agur's humble self-assessment parallels Amos's description of being unlearned in prophetic schools.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Asks who will go up to heaven for us, highlighting human inability to fetch divine wisdom.

Supported by JFB

v5Psalms 12:6thematic

Identifies the purity of God's word, compared to silver tried and purified seven times.

Supported by JFB

v5Psalms 119:140thematic

Declares that God's word is very pure, prompting the servant's love and trust.

Supported by JFB

The warning that physical fullness leads to forgetting and denying the Lord, exactly as Agur fears.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v32Job 40:4thematic

The exact physical gesture of laying a hand on the mouth in humble silence before God.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v4Romans 10:6allusion

Paul uses the ascending/descending phrasing to point to Christ's incarnation and resurrection.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The final warning of Scripture echoing the prohibition of adding to the words of God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Proverbs 19:10thematic

Parallels the social disorder of a servant ruling over princes or holding high authority.

Supported by JFB

v23Genesis 16:4thematic

Historical example of a handmaid (Hagar) despising her mistress after obtaining a higher status.

Supported by JFB

v26Psalms 104:18thematic

Direct reference to the conies (feeble rock dwellers) making their refuge in the high hills.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Genesis 32:29thematic

The mysterious angel asks why Jacob inquires of his name, hinting at God's unsearchable nature.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v10Romans 14:4thematic

New Testament warning against judging or accusing another's servant, who stands or falls to his master.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v15Proverbs 6:16thematic

Parallels the numerical proverb style ('there are three, yea, four') used elsewhere in Proverbs.

Supported by JFB

v17Proverbs 20:20thematic

Proverbs' specific warning of severe judgment on children who curse or mock their parents.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Proverbs 28:3thematic

Echoes the unnatural oppression when a needy or servant-class person gains power.

Supported by JFB

v33Proverbs 17:14thematic

Illustrates how the forcing or initiation of contention is like letting out water.

Supported by Matthew Henry