Proverbs30
King James Version · Public Domain
1The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, even the prophecy: the man spake unto Ithiel, even unto Ithiel and Ucal,
2Surely I am more brutish than any man, and have not the understanding of a man.
3I neither learned wisdom, nor have the knowledge of the holy.
4Who hath ascended up into heaven, or descended? who hath gathered the wind in his fists? who hath bound the waters in a garment? who hath established all the ends of the earth? what is his name, and what is his son's name, if thou canst tell?
5Every word of God is pure: he is a shield unto them that put their trust in him.
6Add thou not unto his words, lest he reprove thee, and thou be found a liar.
7Two things have I required of thee; deny me them not before I die:
8Remove far from me vanity and lies: give me neither poverty nor riches; feed me with food convenient for me:
9Lest I be full, and deny thee, and say, Who is the Lord? or lest I be poor, and steal, and take the name of my God in vain.
10Accuse not a servant unto his master, lest he curse thee, and thou be found guilty.
11There is a generation that curseth their father, and doth not bless their mother.
12There is a generation that are pure in their own eyes, and yet is not washed from their filthiness.
13There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up.
14There is a generation, whose teeth are as swords, and their jaw teeth as knives, to devour the poor from off the earth, and the needy from among men.
15The horseleach hath two daughters, crying, Give, give. There are three things that are never satisfied, yea, four things say not, It is enough:
16The grave; and the barren womb; the earth that is not filled with water; and the fire that saith not, It is enough.
17The eye that mocketh at his father, and despiseth to obey his mother, the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles shall eat it.
18There be three things which are too wonderful for me, yea, four which I know not:
19The way of an eagle in the air; the way of a serpent upon a rock; the way of a ship in the midst of the sea; and the way of a man with a maid.
20Such is the way of an adulterous woman; she eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness.
21For three things the earth is disquieted, and for four which it cannot bear:
22For a servant when he reigneth; and a fool when he is filled with meat;
23For an odious woman when she is married; and an handmaid that is heir to her mistress.
24There be four things which are little upon the earth, but they are exceeding wise:
25The ants are a people not strong, yet they prepare their meat in the summer;
26The conies are but a feeble folk, yet make they their houses in the rocks;
27The locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands;
28The spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in kings' palaces.
29There be three things which go well, yea, four are comely in going:
30A lion which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any;
31A greyhound; an he goat also; and a king, against whom there is no rising up.
32If thou hast done foolishly in lifting up thyself, or if thou hast thought evil, lay thine hand upon thy mouth.
33Surely the churning of milk bringeth forth butter, and the wringing of the nose bringeth forth blood: so the forcing of wrath bringeth forth strife.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 30.
vv1-6
Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In verse 4, there is a prophetic notice of Him who came down from heaven to be our Instructor and Saviour, and then ascended into heaven to be our Advocate. The Messiah is here spoken of as a Person distinct from the Father, but his name as yet secret. The great Redeemer, in the glories of his providence and grace, cannot be found out to perfection. Had it not been for Christ, the foundations of the earth had sunk under the load of the curse upon the ground, for man's sin. Who, and what is the mighty One that doeth all this? There is not the least ground to suspect anything wanting in the word of God; adding to his words opens the way to errors and corruptions.
vv7-9
Agur wisely prayed for a middle state, that he might be kept at a distance from temptations; he asked daily bread suited to his station, his family, and his real good. There is a remarkable similarity between this prayer and several clauses of the Lord's prayer. If we are removed from vanity and lies; if we are interested in the pardoning love of Christ, and have him for our portion; if we walk with God, then we shall have all we can ask or think, as to spiritual things. When we consider how those who have abundance are prone to abuse the gift, and what it is to suffer want, Agur's prayer will ever be found a wise one, though seldom offered. Food convenient; what is so for one, may not be so for another; but we may be sure that our heavenly Father will supply all our need, and not suffer us to want anything good for us; and why should we wish for more?
v10
Slander not a servant to his master, accuse him not in small matters, to make mischief.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָגוּר: Agur, a fanciful name for Solomon
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יָקֶה: Jakeh, a symbolical name (for Solomon)
מַשָּׂא: a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly adoom, especially singing; mental, desire
גֶּבֶר: properly, a valiant man or warrior; generally, a person simply
נְאֻם: an oracle
אִיתִיאֵל: Ithiel, the name of an Israelite, also of a symbolical person
אֻכָל: Ucal, a fancy name
כִּי: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
Cross References
Proverbs 30Our Lord references this question of ascending/descending to establish His divine origin and unique revelatory authority.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Strict canonical prohibition against adding to or taking away from God's perfect revealed words.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct parallel in Proverbs comparing the industrious ant who prepares its food in summer.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Poole notes Agur's humble self-assessment parallels Amos's description of being unlearned in prophetic schools.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Asks who will go up to heaven for us, highlighting human inability to fetch divine wisdom.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the purity of God's word, compared to silver tried and purified seven times.
Supported by JFB
Declares that God's word is very pure, prompting the servant's love and trust.
Supported by JFB
The warning that physical fullness leads to forgetting and denying the Lord, exactly as Agur fears.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The exact physical gesture of laying a hand on the mouth in humble silence before God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Paul uses the ascending/descending phrasing to point to Christ's incarnation and resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The final warning of Scripture echoing the prohibition of adding to the words of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the social disorder of a servant ruling over princes or holding high authority.
Supported by JFB
Historical example of a handmaid (Hagar) despising her mistress after obtaining a higher status.
Supported by JFB
Direct reference to the conies (feeble rock dwellers) making their refuge in the high hills.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The mysterious angel asks why Jacob inquires of his name, hinting at God's unsearchable nature.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament warning against judging or accusing another's servant, who stands or falls to his master.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the numerical proverb style ('there are three, yea, four') used elsewhere in Proverbs.
Supported by JFB
Proverbs' specific warning of severe judgment on children who curse or mock their parents.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the unnatural oppression when a needy or servant-class person gains power.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates how the forcing or initiation of contention is like letting out water.
Supported by Matthew Henry