Proverbs30
New King James Version
1The words of Agur the son of Jakeh, his utterance. This man declared to Ithiel—to Ithiel and Ucal:
2Surely I am more stupid than any man, And do not have the understanding of a man.
3I neither learned wisdom Nor have knowledge of the Holy One.
4Who has ascended into heaven, or descended? Who has gathered the wind in His fists? Who has bound the waters in a garment? Who has established all the ends of the earth? What is His name, and what is His Son’s name, If you know?
5Every word of God is pure; He is a shield to those who put their trust in Him.
6Do not add to His words, Lest He rebuke you, and you be found a liar.
7Two things I request of You (Deprive me not before I die):
8Remove falsehood and lies far from me; Give me neither poverty nor riches— Feed me with the food allotted to me;
9Lest I be full and deny You, And say, “Who is the Lord?” Or lest I be poor and steal, And profane the name of my God.
10Do not malign a servant to his master, Lest he curse you, and you be found guilty.
11There is a generation that curses its father, And does not bless its mother.
12There is a generation that is pure in its own eyes, Yet is not washed from its filthiness.
13There is a generation—oh, how lofty are their eyes! And their eyelids are lifted up.
14There is a generation whose teeth are like swords, And whose fangs are like knives, To devour the poor from off the earth, And the needy from among men.
15The leech has two daughters— Give and Give! There are three things that are never satisfied, Four never say, “Enough!”:
16The grave, The barren womb, The earth that is not satisfied with water— And the fire never says, “Enough!”
17The eye that mocks his father, And scorns obedience to his mother, The ravens of the valley will pick it out, And the young eagles will eat it.
18There are three things which are too wonderful for me, Yes, four which I do not understand:
19The way of an eagle in the air, The way of a serpent on a rock, The way of a ship in the midst of the sea, And the way of a man with a virgin.
20This is the way of an adulterous woman: She eats and wipes her mouth, And says, “I have done no wickedness.”
21For three things the earth is perturbed, Yes, for four it cannot bear up:
22For a servant when he reigns, A fool when he is filled with food,
23A hateful woman when she is married, And a maidservant who succeeds her mistress.
24There are four things which are little on the earth, But they are exceedingly wise:
25The ants are a people not strong, Yet they prepare their food in the summer;
26The rock badgers are a feeble folk, Yet they make their homes in the crags;
27The locusts have no king, Yet they all advance in ranks;
28The spider skillfully grasps with its hands, And it is in kings’ palaces.
29There are three things which are majestic in pace, Yes, four which are stately in walk:
30A lion, which is mighty among beasts And does not turn away from any;
31A greyhound, A male goat also, And a king whose troops are with him.
32If you have been foolish in exalting yourself, Or if you have devised evil, put your hand on your mouth.
33For as the churning of milk produces butter, And wringing the nose produces blood, So the forcing of wrath produces strife.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 30.
vv1-6
Agur speaks of himself as wanting a righteousness, and having done very foolishly. And it becomes us all to have low thoughts of ourselves. He speaks of himself as wanting revelation to guide him in the ways of truth and wisdom. The more enlightened people are, the more they lament their ignorance; the more they pray for clearer, still clearer discoveries of God, and his rich grace in Christ Jesus. In verse 4, there is a prophetic notice of Him who came down from heaven to be our Instructor and Saviour, and then ascended into heaven to be our Advocate. The Messiah is here spoken of as a Person distinct from the Father, but his name as yet secret. The great Redeemer, in the glories of his providence and grace, cannot be found out to perfection. Had it not been for Christ, the foundations of the earth had sunk under the load of the curse upon the ground, for man's sin. Who, and what is the mighty One that doeth all this? There is not the least ground to suspect anything wanting in the word of God; adding to his words opens the way to errors and corruptions.
vv7-9
Agur wisely prayed for a middle state, that he might be kept at a distance from temptations; he asked daily bread suited to his station, his family, and his real good. There is a remarkable similarity between this prayer and several clauses of the Lord's prayer. If we are removed from vanity and lies; if we are interested in the pardoning love of Christ, and have him for our portion; if we walk with God, then we shall have all we can ask or think, as to spiritual things. When we consider how those who have abundance are prone to abuse the gift, and what it is to suffer want, Agur's prayer will ever be found a wise one, though seldom offered. Food convenient; what is so for one, may not be so for another; but we may be sure that our heavenly Father will supply all our need, and not suffer us to want anything good for us; and why should we wish for more?
v10
Slander not a servant to his master, accuse him not in small matters, to make mischief.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָגוּר: Agur, a fanciful name for Solomon
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יָקֶה: Jakeh, a symbolical name (for Solomon)
מַשָּׂא: a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly adoom, especially singing; mental, desire
גֶּבֶר: properly, a valiant man or warrior; generally, a person simply
נְאֻם: an oracle
אִיתִיאֵל: Ithiel, the name of an Israelite, also of a symbolical person
אֻכָל: Ucal, a fancy name
כִּי: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
Cross References
Proverbs 30Our Lord references this question of ascending/descending to establish His divine origin and unique revelatory authority.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Strict canonical prohibition against adding to or taking away from God's perfect revealed words.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct parallel in Proverbs comparing the industrious ant who prepares its food in summer.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Poole notes Agur's humble self-assessment parallels Amos's description of being unlearned in prophetic schools.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Asks who will go up to heaven for us, highlighting human inability to fetch divine wisdom.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the purity of God's word, compared to silver tried and purified seven times.
Supported by JFB
Declares that God's word is very pure, prompting the servant's love and trust.
Supported by JFB
The warning that physical fullness leads to forgetting and denying the Lord, exactly as Agur fears.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The exact physical gesture of laying a hand on the mouth in humble silence before God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Paul uses the ascending/descending phrasing to point to Christ's incarnation and resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The final warning of Scripture echoing the prohibition of adding to the words of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the social disorder of a servant ruling over princes or holding high authority.
Supported by JFB
Historical example of a handmaid (Hagar) despising her mistress after obtaining a higher status.
Supported by JFB
Direct reference to the conies (feeble rock dwellers) making their refuge in the high hills.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The mysterious angel asks why Jacob inquires of his name, hinting at God's unsearchable nature.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament warning against judging or accusing another's servant, who stands or falls to his master.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the numerical proverb style ('there are three, yea, four') used elsewhere in Proverbs.
Supported by JFB
Proverbs' specific warning of severe judgment on children who curse or mock their parents.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the unnatural oppression when a needy or servant-class person gains power.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates how the forcing or initiation of contention is like letting out water.
Supported by Matthew Henry