Deuteronomy4
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1And now, O Israel, hearken unto the statutes and unto the ordinances, which I teach you, to do them; that ye may live, and go in and possess the land which Jehovah, the God of your fathers, giveth you.
2Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish from it, that ye may keep the commandments of Jehovah your God which I command you.
3Your eyes have seen what Jehovah did because of Baal-peor; for all the men that followed Baal-peor, Jehovah thy God hath destroyed them from the midst of thee.
4But ye that did cleave unto Jehovah your God are alive every one of you this day.
5Behold, I have taught you statutes and ordinances, even as Jehovah my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the midst of the land whither ye go in to possess it.
6Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples, that shall hear all these statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.
7For what great nation is there, that hath a god so nigh unto them, as Jehovah our God is whensoever we call upon him?
8And what great nation is there, that hath statutes and ordinances so righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day?
9Only take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things which thine eyes saw, and lest they depart from thy heart all the days of thy life; but make them known unto thy children and thy children’s children;
10the day that thou stoodest before Jehovah thy God in Horeb, when Jehovah said unto me, Assemble me the people, and I will make them hear my words, that they may learn to fear me all the days that they live upon the earth, and that they may teach their children.
11And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the heart of heaven, with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness.
12And Jehovah spake unto you out of the midst of the fire: ye heard the voice of words, but ye saw no form; only ye heard a voice.
13And he declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, even the ten commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of stone.
14And Jehovah commanded me at that time to teach you statutes and ordinances, that ye might do them in the land whither ye go over to possess it.
15Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner of form on the day that Jehovah spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire;
16lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image in the form of any figure, the likeness of male or female,
17the likeness of any beast that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged bird that flieth in the heavens,
18the likeness of anything that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the water under the earth;
19and lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun and the moon and the stars, even all the host of heaven, thou be drawn away and worship them, and serve them, which Jehovah thy God hath allotted unto all the peoples under the whole heaven.
20But Jehovah hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of inheritance, as at this day.
21Furthermore Jehovah was angry with me for your sakes, and sware that I should not go over the Jordan, and that I should not go in unto that good land, which Jehovah thy God giveth thee for an inheritance:
22but I must die in this land, I must not go over the Jordan; but ye shall go over, and possess that good land.
23Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of Jehovah your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image in the form of anything which Jehovah thy God hath forbidden thee.
24For Jehovah thy God is a devouring fire, a jealous God.
25When thou shalt beget children, and children’s children, and ye shall have been long in the land, and shall corrupt yourselves, and make a graven image in the form of anything, and shall do that which is evil in the sight of Jehovah thy God, to provoke him to anger;
26I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over the Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed.
27And Jehovah will scatter you among the peoples, and ye shall be left few in number among the nations, whither Jehovah shall lead you away.
28And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men’s hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.
29But from thence ye shall seek Jehovah thy God, and thou shalt find him, when thou searchest after him with all thy heart and with all thy soul.
30When thou art in tribulation, and all these things are come upon thee, in the latter days thou shalt return to Jehovah thy God, and hearken unto his voice:
31for Jehovah thy God is a merciful God; he will not fail thee, neither destroy thee, nor forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them.
32For ask now of the days that are past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, and from the one end of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it?
33Did ever a people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as thou hast heard, and live?
34Or hath God assayed to go and take him a nation from the midst of another nation, by trials, by signs, and by wonders, and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by an outstretched arm, and by great terrors, according to all that Jehovah your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes?
35Unto thee it was showed, that thou mightest know that Jehovah he is God; there is none else besides him.
36Out of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, that he might instruct thee: and upon earth he made thee to see his great fire; and thou heardest his words out of the midst of the fire.
37And because he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed after them, and brought thee out with his presence, with his great power, out of Egypt;
38to drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier than thou, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for an inheritance, as at this day.
39Know therefore this day, and lay it to thy heart, that Jehovah he is God in heaven above and upon the earth beneath; there is none else.
40And thou shalt keep his statutes, and his commandments, which I command thee this day, that it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days in the land, which Jehovah thy God giveth thee, for ever.
41Then Moses set apart three cities beyond the Jordan toward the sunrising;
42that the manslayer might flee thither, that slayeth his neighbor unawares, and hated him not in time past; and that fleeing unto one of these cities he might live:
43namely, Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain country, for the Reubenites; and Ramoth in Gilead, for the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, for the Manassites.
44And this is the law which Moses set before the children of Israel:
45these are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the ordinances, which Moses spake unto the children of Israel, when they came forth out of Egypt,
46beyond the Jordan, in the valley over against Beth-peor, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon, whom Moses and the children of Israel smote, when they came forth out of Egypt.
47And they took his land in possession, and the land of Og king of Bashan, the two kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan toward the sunrising;
48from Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, even unto mount Sion (the same is Hermon),
49and all the Arabah beyond the Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the Arabah, under the slopes of Pisgah.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Earnest exhortations to obedience, and dissuasives from idolatry. (1–23). Warnings against disobedience, and promises of mercy. (24–40). Cities of refuge appointed. (41–49).
vv1-23
The power and love of God to Israel are here made the ground and reason of a number of cautions and serious warnings; and although there is much reference to their national covenant, yet all may be applied to those who live under the gospel. What are laws made for but to be observed and obeyed? Our obedience as individuals cannot merit salvation; but it is the only evidence that we are partakers of the gift of God, which is eternal life through Jesus Christ, Considering how many temptations we are compassed with, and what corrupt desires we have in our bosoms, we have great need to keep our hearts with all diligence. Those cannot walk aright, who walk carelessly. Moses charges particularly to take heed of the sin of idolatry. He shows how weak the temptation would be to those who thought aright; for these pretended gods, the sun, moon, and stars, were only blessings which the Lord their God had imparted to all nations. It is absurd to worship them; shall we serve those that were made to serve us? Take heed lest ye forget the covenant of the Lord your God. We must take heed lest at any time we forget our religion. Care, caution, and watchfulness, are helps against a bad memory.
vv24-40
Moses urged the greatness, glory, and goodness of God. Did we consider what a God he is with whom we have to do, we should surely make conscience of our duty to him, and not dare to sin against him. Shall we forsake a merciful God, who will never forsake us, if we are faithful unto him? Whither can we go? Let us be held to our duty by the bonds of love, and prevailed with by the mercies of God to cleave to him. Moses urged God's authority over them, and their obligations to him. In keeping God's commandments they would act wisely for themselves. The fear of the Lord, that is wisdom. Those who enjoy the benefit of Divine light and laws, ought to support their character for wisdom and honour, that God may be glorified thereby. Those who call upon God, shall certainly find him within call, ready to give an answer of peace to every prayer of faith. All these statutes and judgments of the Divine law are just and righteous, above the statutes and judgments of any of the nations. What they saw at mount Sinai, gave an earnest of the day of judgment, in which the Lord Jesus shall be revealed in flaming fire. They must also remember what they heard at mount Sinai. God manifests himself in the works of the creation, without speech or language, yet their voice is heard, Ps 19:1, 3; but to Israel he made himself known by speech and language, condescending to their weakness. The rise of this nation was quite different from the origin of all other nations. See the reasons of free grace; we are not beloved for our own sakes, but for Christ's sake. Moses urged the certain benefit and advantage of obedience. This argument he had begun with, verse 1, That ye may live, and go in and possess the land; and this he concludes with, verse 40, That it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee. He reminds them that their prosperity would depend upon their piety. Apostacy from God would undoubtedly be the ruin of their nation. He foresees their revolt from God to idols. Those, and those only, shall find God to their comfort, who seek him with all their heart. Afflictions engage and quicken us to seek God; and, by the grace of God working with them, many are thus brought back to their right mind. When these things are come upon thee, turn to the Lord thy God, for thou seest what comes of turning from him. Let all the arguments be laid together, and then say, if religion has not reason on its side. None cast off the government of their God, but those who first abandon the understanding of a man.
vv41-49
Here is the introduction to another discourse, or sermon, Moses preached to Israel, which we have in the following chapters. He sets the law before them, as the rule they were to work by, the way they were to walk in. He sets it before them, as the glass in which they were to see their natural face, that, looking into this perfect law of liberty, they might continue therein. These are the laws, given when Israel was newly come out of Egypt; and they were now repeated. Moses gave these laws in charge, while they encamped over against Beth-peor, an idol place of the Moabites. Their present triumphs were a powerful argument for obedience. And we should understand our own situation as sinners, and the nature of that gracious covenant to which we are invited. Therein greater things are shown to us than ever Israel saw from mount Sinai; greater mercies are given to us than they experienced in the wilderness, or in Canaan. One speaks to us, who is of infinitely greater dignity than Moses; who bare our sins upon the cross; and pleads with us by His dying love.
Key Words
עַתָּה: at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
חֹק: an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)
מִשְׁפָּט: properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
לָמַד: properly, to goad, i.e. (by implication) to teach (the rod being an Oriental incentive)
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
מַעַן: properly, heed, i.e. purpose; used only adverbially, on account of (as a motive or an aim), teleologically, in order that
חָיָה: to live, whether literally or figuratively; causatively, to revive
Cross References
Deuteronomy 4Direct parallel forbidding adding to or diminishing from God's commands.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical account of the judgment at Baal-peor referenced by Moses.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Directly quotes 'our God is a consuming fire' in the context of the Sinai revelation.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct historical fulfillment of Moses setting apart these three specific cities of refuge east of Jordan.
Explicitly links Egypt with the metaphor of the iron furnace.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Solomon's prayer repeating the 'iron furnace' description of the Exodus.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels God's self-revelation as a 'jealous God' who demands exclusive worship.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Deuteronomy's ultimate promise of restoration and gathering when seeking God from captivity.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophetic fulfillment of finding God when searched for with all the heart in exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The original command from Yahweh to designate three cities of refuge on this side of Jordan.
Wisdom literature parallel warning against adding to God's words.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jesus condemns teaching human commandments as divine doctrines.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The original historical account of the fire, thick cloud, and darkness at Sinai.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The explicit covenant warning of being scattered and serving gods of wood and stone.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Classic polemic detailing the utter helplessness of idols made by human hands.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament comparison to the terrifying sights and sounds of the fire at Sinai.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Expands on election based purely on God's love and oath to the patriarchs.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Stresses that driving out mightier nations was God's work, not Israel's righteousness.
Supported by John Calvin
Elaborates the legal definition of manslaughter without prior hatred or intent, matching the terminology here.
Historical account of the defeat of Sihon, king of the Amorites, in the land mentioned here.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Historical account of the defeat of Og, king of Bashan, whose land was possessed.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Queen of Sheba's confession exemplifies nations recognizing Israel's wisdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Wisdom literature defining the fear of the Lord as true understanding.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Internal repetition warning against forgetting the covenant and making graven images.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament description of the terrifying physical phenomena at Sinai/Horeb.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Second Commandment prohibiting the creation of any graven image.
Supported by JFB
Paul describes the pagan corruption of God's glory into animal images.
Supported by JFB
Provides the background for Moses being barred from Jordan because of the people.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Moses formally summons heaven and earth as perpetual legal witnesses against Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Affirms God's merciful nature and commitment to covenant loyalty despite rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical account of the voice speaking out of the thick cloud.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The foundational Shema affirming that the Lord is one and there is none else.
Supported by JFB
Reiterates the core Deuteronomic promise of prolonged life and blessing through obedience.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the introductory statement of Moses declaring or setting forth the law beyond Jordan.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel geographical description of the Salt Sea under the slopes of Pisgah eastward.
Parallel summary of Israel's duty to fear, walk with, and serve God.
Supported by Matthew Henry