Deuteronomy1
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1These are the words which Moses spake unto all Israel beyond the Jordan in the wilderness, in the Arabah over against Suph, between Paran, and Tophel, and Laban, and Hazeroth, and Di-zahab.
2It is eleven days’ journey from Horeb by the way of mount Seir unto Kadesh-barnea.
3And it came to pass in the fortieth year, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, that Moses spake unto the children of Israel, according unto all that Jehovah had given him in commandment unto them;
4after he had smitten Sihon the king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, who dwelt in Ashtaroth, at Edrei.
5Beyond the Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses to declare this law, saying,
6Jehovah our God spake unto us in Horeb, saying, Ye have dwelt long enough in this mountain:
7turn you, and take your journey, and go to the hill-country of the Amorites, and unto all the places nigh thereunto, in the Arabah, in the hill-country, and in the lowland, and in the South, and by the sea-shore, the land of the Canaanites, and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates.
8Behold, I have set the land before you: go in and possess the land which Jehovah sware unto your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give unto them and to their seed after them.
9And I spake unto you at that time, saying, I am not able to bear you myself alone:
10Jehovah your God hath multiplied you, and, behold, ye are this day as the stars of heaven for multitude.
11Jehovah, the God of your fathers, make you a thousand times as many as ye are, and bless you, as he hath promised you!
12How can I myself alone bear your cumbrance, and your burden, and your strife?
13Take you wise men, and understanding, and known, according to your tribes, and I will make them heads over you.
14And ye answered me, and said, The thing which thou hast spoken is good for us to do.
15So I took the heads of your tribes, wise men, and known, and made them heads over you, captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds, and captains of fifties, and captains of tens, and officers, according to your tribes.
16And I charged your judges at that time, saying, Hear the causes between your brethren, and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the sojourner that is with him.
17Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; ye shall hear the small and the great alike; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man; for the judgment is God’s: and the cause that is too hard for you ye shall bring unto me, and I will hear it.
18And I commanded you at that time all the things which ye should do.
19And we journeyed from Horeb, and went through all that great and terrible wilderness which ye saw, by the way to the hill-country of the Amorites, as Jehovah our God commanded us; and we came to Kadesh-barnea.
20And I said unto you, Ye are come unto the hill-country of the Amorites, which Jehovah our God giveth unto us.
21Behold, Jehovah thy God hath set the land before thee: go up, take possession, as Jehovah, the God of thy fathers, hath spoken unto thee; fear not, neither be dismayed.
22And ye came near unto me every one of you, and said, Let us send men before us, that they may search the land for us, and bring us word again of the way by which we must go up, and the cities unto which we shall come.
23And the thing pleased me well; and I took twelve men of you, one man for every tribe:
24and they turned and went up into the hill-country, and came unto the valley of Eshcol, and spied it out.
25And they took of the fruit of the land in their hands, and brought it down unto us, and brought us word again, and said, It is a good land which Jehovah our God giveth unto us.
26Yet ye would not go up, but rebelled against the commandment of Jehovah your God:
27and ye murmured in your tents, and said, Because Jehovah hated us, he hath brought us forth out of the land of Egypt, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us.
28Whither are we going up? our brethren have made our heart to melt, saying, The people are greater and taller than we; the cities are great and fortified up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakim there.
29Then I said unto you, Dread not, neither be afraid of them.
30Jehovah your God who goeth before you, he will fight for you, according to all that he did for you in Egypt before your eyes,
31and in the wilderness, where thou hast seen how that Jehovah thy God bare thee, as a man doth bear his son, in all the way that ye went, until ye came unto this place.
32Yet in this thing ye did not believe Jehovah your God,
33who went before you in the way, to seek you out a place to pitch your tents in, in fire by night, to show you by what way ye should go, and in the cloud by day.
34And Jehovah heard the voice of your words, and was wroth, and sware, saying,
35Surely there shall not one of these men of this evil generation see the good land, which I sware to give unto your fathers,
36save Caleb the son of Jephunneh; he shall see it; and to him will I give the land that he hath trodden upon, and to his children, because he hath wholly followed Jehovah.
37Also Jehovah was angry with me for your sakes, saying, Thou also shalt not go in thither:
38Joshua the son of Nun, who standeth before thee, he shall go in thither: encourage thou him; for he shall cause Israel to inherit it.
39Moreover your little ones, that ye said should be a prey, and your children, that this day have no knowledge of good or evil, they shall go in thither, and unto them will I give it, and they shall possess it.
40But as for you, turn you, and take your journey into the wilderness by the way to the Red Sea.
41Then ye answered and said unto me, We have sinned against Jehovah, we will go up and fight, according to all that Jehovah our God commanded us. And ye girded on every man his weapons of war, and were forward to go up into the hill-country.
42And Jehovah said unto me, Say unto them, Go not up, neither fight; for I am not among you; lest ye be smitten before your enemies.
43So I spake unto you, and ye hearkened not; but ye rebelled against the commandment of Jehovah, and were presumptuous, and went up into the hill-country.
44And the Amorites, that dwelt in that hill-country, came out against you, and chased you, as bees do, and beat you down in Seir, even unto Hormah.
45And ye returned and wept before Jehovah; but Jehovah hearkened not to your voice, nor gave ear unto you.
46So ye abode in Kadesh many days, according unto the days that ye abode there.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 1.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The words Moses spake to Israel in the plains of Moab, The promise of Canaan. (1–8). Judges provided for the people. (9–18). Of the sending the spies—God's anger for their unbelief and disobedience. (19–46).
vv1-8
Moses spake to the people all the Lord had given him in commandment. Horeb was but eleven days distant from Kadesh-barnea. This was to remind them that their own bad conduct had occasioned their tedious wanderings; that they might the more readily understand the advantages of obedience. They must now go forward. Though God brings his people into trouble and affliction, he knows when they have been tried long enough. When God commands us to go forward in our Christian course, he sets the heavenly Canaan before us for our encouragement.
vv9-18
Moses reminds the people of the happy constitution of their government, which might make them all safe and easy, if it was not their own fault. He owns the fulfilment of God's promise to Abraham, and prays for the further accomplishment of it. We are not straitened in the power and goodness of God; why should we be straitened in our own faith and hope? Good laws were given to the Israelites, and good men were to see to the execution of them, which showed God's goodness to them, and the care of Moses.
vv19-46
Moses reminds the Israelites of their march from Horeb to Kadesh-barnea, through that great and terrible wilderness. He shows how near they were to a happy settlement in Canaan. It will aggravate the eternal ruin of hypocrites, that they were not far from the kingdom of God. As if it were not enough that they were sure of their God before them, they would send men before them. Never any looked into the Holy Land, but they must own it to be a good land. And was there any cause to distrust this God? An unbelieving heart was at the bottom of all this. All disobedience to God's laws, and distrust of his power and goodness, flow from disbelief of his word, as all true obedience springs from faith. It is profitable for us to divide our past lives into distinct periods; to give thanks to God for the mercies we have received in each, to confess and seek the forgiveness of all the sins we can remember; and thus to renew our acceptance of God's salvation, and our surrender of ourselves to his service. Our own plans seldom avail to good purpose; while courage in the exercise of faith, and in the path of duty, enables the believer to follow the Lord fully, to disregard all that opposes, to triumph over all opposition, and to take firm hold upon the promised blessings.
Key Words
אֵלֶּה: these or those
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
עֵבֶר: properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the east)
יַרְדֵּן: Jarden, the principal river of Palestine
מִדְבָּר: a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)
Cross References
Deuteronomy 1Parallels the specific qualifications of rulers chosen by Moses to relieve his judicial burden.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The primary historical account of Israel's rebellion and refusal to enter Canaan after hearing the spies.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Confirms the divine oath excluding the disobedient generation, except Caleb and Joshua.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Records why the Lord was angry with Moses and barred him from entering Canaan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Describes the specific event of the spies reaching and cutting fruit from the valley of Eshcol.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The spies' report concerning the giants, the sons of Anak, and the heavily walled cities.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The historical description of God leading them in fire by night and a cloud by day.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The narrative of Israel's presumptuous, unauthorized attack and subsequent defeat by the Amorites.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Highlights the transition from the eleven-day journey to thirty-eight years of wandering.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Moses' complaint to God about his inability to bear the burden of the people alone.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The original promise to Abraham that his seed would be as numerous as the stars.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Records the specific historical conquests of Sihon king of the Amorites and Og of Bashan.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Horeb as the mountain of God where the covenant journey began.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Lord's command to send spies, highlighting the interplay between divine command and human request.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Psalmic commentary on Israel's unbelief and rebellion when they despised the pleasant land.
Supported by Matthew Henry