Jeremiah31
New King James Version
1“At the same time,” says the Lord, “I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they shall be My people.”
2Thus says the Lord: “The people who survived the sword Found grace in the wilderness— Israel, when I went to give him rest.”
3The Lord has appeared of old to me, saying: “Yes, I have loved you with an everlasting love; Therefore with lovingkindness I have drawn you.
4Again I will build you, and you shall be rebuilt, O virgin of Israel! You shall again be adorned with your tambourines, And shall go forth in the dances of those who rejoice.
5You shall yet plant vines on the mountains of Samaria; The planters shall plant and eat them as ordinary food.
6For there shall be a day When the watchmen will cry on Mount Ephraim, ‘Arise, and let us go up to Zion, To the Lord our God.’ ”
7For thus says the Lord: “Sing with gladness for Jacob, And shout among the chief of the nations; Proclaim, give praise, and say, ‘O Lord, save Your people, The remnant of Israel!’
8Behold, I will bring them from the north country, And gather them from the ends of the earth, Among them the blind and the lame, The woman with child And the one who labors with child, together; A great throng shall return there.
9They shall come with weeping, And with supplications I will lead them. I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters, In a straight way in which they shall not stumble; For I am a Father to Israel, And Ephraim is My firstborn.
10“Hear the word of the Lord, O nations, And declare it in the isles afar off, and say, ‘He who scattered Israel will gather him, And keep him as a shepherd does his flock.’
11For the Lord has redeemed Jacob, And ransomed him from the hand of one stronger than he.
12Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion, Streaming to the goodness of the Lord— For wheat and new wine and oil, For the young of the flock and the herd; Their souls shall be like a well-watered garden, And they shall sorrow no more at all.
13“Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, And the young men and the old, together; For I will turn their mourning to joy, Will comfort them, And make them rejoice rather than sorrow.
14I will satiate the soul of the priests with abundance, And My people shall be satisfied with My goodness, says the Lord.”
15Thus says the Lord: “A voice was heard in Ramah, Lamentation and bitter weeping, Rachel weeping for her children, Refusing to be comforted for her children, Because they are no more.”
16Thus says the Lord: “Refrain your voice from weeping, And your eyes from tears; For your work shall be rewarded, says the Lord, And they shall come back from the land of the enemy.
17There is hope in your future, says the Lord, That your children shall come back to their own border.
18“I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself: ‘You have chastised me, and I was chastised, Like an untrained bull; Restore me, and I will return, For You are the Lord my God.
19Surely, after my turning, I repented; And after I was instructed, I struck myself on the thigh; I was ashamed, yes, even humiliated, Because I bore the reproach of my youth.’
20Is Ephraim My dear son? Is he a pleasant child? For though I spoke against him, I earnestly remember him still; Therefore My heart yearns for him; I will surely have mercy on him, says the Lord.
21“Set up signposts, Make landmarks; Set your heart toward the highway, The way in which you went. Turn back, O virgin of Israel, Turn back to these your cities.
22How long will you gad about, O you backsliding daughter? For the Lord has created a new thing in the earth— A woman shall encompass a man.”
23Thus says the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel: “They shall again use this speech in the land of Judah and in its cities, when I bring back their captivity: ‘The Lord bless you, O home of justice, and mountain of holiness!’
24And there shall dwell in Judah itself, and in all its cities together, farmers and those going out with flocks.
25For I have satiated the weary soul, and I have replenished every sorrowful soul.”
26After this I awoke and looked around, and my sleep was sweet to me.
27“Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man and the seed of beast.
28And it shall come to pass, that as I have watched over them to pluck up, to break down, to throw down, to destroy, and to afflict, so I will watch over them to build and to plant, says the Lord.
29In those days they shall say no more: ‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, And the children’s teeth are set on edge.’
30But every one shall die for his own iniquity; every man who eats the sour grapes, his teeth shall be set on edge.
31“Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah—
32not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the Lord.
33But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.
34No more shall every man teach his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they all shall know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, says the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more.”
35Thus says the Lord, Who gives the sun for a light by day, The ordinances of the moon and the stars for a light by night, Who disturbs the sea, And its waves roar (The Lord of hosts is His name):
36“If those ordinances depart From before Me, says the Lord, Then the seed of Israel shall also cease From being a nation before Me forever.”
37Thus says the Lord: “If heaven above can be measured, And the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel For all that they have done, says the Lord.
38“Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, that the city shall be built for the Lord from the Tower of Hananel to the Corner Gate.
39The surveyor’s line shall again extend straight forward over the hill Gareb; then it shall turn toward Goath.
40And the whole valley of the dead bodies and of the ashes, and all the fields as far as the Brook Kidron, to the corner of the Horse Gate toward the east, shall be holy to the Lord. It shall not be plucked up or thrown down anymore forever.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 31.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The restoration of Israel. (1-9). Promises of guidance and happiness; Rachel lamenting. (10-17). Ephraim laments his errors. (18-20). The promised Saviour. (21-26). God's care over the church. (27-34). Peace and prosperity in gospel time. (35-40).
vv1-9
God assures his people that he will again take them into covenant relation to himself. When brought very low, and difficulties appear, it is good to remember that it has been so with the church formerly. But it is hard under present frowns to take comfort from former smiles; yet it is the happiness of those who, through grace, are interested in the love of God, that it is an everlasting love, from everlasting in the counsels, to everlasting in the continuance. Those whom God loves with this love, he will draw to himself, by the influences of his Spirit upon their souls. When praising God for what he has done, we must call upon him for the favours his church needs and expects. When the Lord calls, we must not plead that we cannot come; for he that calls us, will help us, will strengthen us. The goodness of God shall lead them to repentance. And they shall weep for sin with more bitterness, and more tenderness, when delivered out of their captivity, than when groaning under it. If we take God for our Father, and join the church of the first-born, we shall want nothing that is good for us. These predictions doubtless refer also to a future gathering of the Israelites from all quarters of the globe. And they figuratively describe the conversion of sinners to Christ, and the plain and safe way in which they are led.
vv10-17
He that scattered Israel, knows where to find them. It is comfortable to observe the goodness of the Lord in the gifts of providence. But our souls are never valuable as gardens, unless watered with the dews of God's Spirit and grace. A precious promise follows, which will not have full accomplishment except in the heavenly Zion. Let them be satisfied of God's loving-kindness, and they will be satisfied with it, and desire no more to make them happy. Rachel is represented as rising from her grave, and refusing to be comforted, supposing her offspring rooted out. The murder of the children at Bethlehem, by Herod, Matt. 2:16-18, in some degree fulfilled this prediction, but could not be its full meaning. If we have hope in the end, concerning an eternal inheritance, for ourselves and those belonging to us, all temporal afflictions may be borne, and will be for our good.
vv18-20
Ephraim (the ten tribes) is weeping for sin. He is angry at himself for his sin, and folly, and frowardness. He finds he cannot, by his own power, keep himself close with God, much less bring himself back when he is revolted. Therefore he prays, Turn thou me, and I shall be turned. His will was bowed to the will of God. When the teaching of God's Spirit went with the corrections of his providence, then the work was done. This is our comfort in affliction, that the Lord thinks upon us. God has mercy in store, rich mercy, sure mercy, suitable mercy, for all who seek him in sincerity.
Key Words
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
נְאֻם: an oracle
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מִשְׁפָּחָה: a family, i.e. circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
שָׂרִיד: a survivor
Cross References
Jeremiah 31Herod's slaughter of the Bethlehem infants explicitly fulfills Rachel weeping for her children in Ramah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explicitly quotes Jeremiah 31:31 to introduce the New Covenant fulfilled in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Quotes the promise of the law written on the heart under the New Covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrast: The curse of planting vines and not eating them is reversed here as common food.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel regarding the proverb of children's teeth set on edge by fathers eating sour grapes.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes verse 32 contrasting the New Covenant with the broken Sinai covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes verse 34, declaring that all shall know the Lord without needing external teaching.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes the vital New Covenant guarantee that God will remember their sins no more.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Repeats the foundational covenant formula: 'ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.'
Supported by John Calvin
The Lord drawing Israel with bands of love and cords of a man.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Miriam and the virgins going forth with tabrets/timbrels and dances celebrating redemption.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The law of planting trees; in the fifth year fruit is eaten as a common thing.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Thematic link to the 'new thing' of a virgin conceiving, related to the incarnation.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reverses the commission given to Jeremiah to pluck up, throw down, build, and plant.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Applies the salvation and covenant of Israel to the ultimate eschatological gathering.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the unbreakable covenant with day and night to establish Israel's permanent preservation.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God promising His presence will go before Israel to cause him to rest in wilderness.
Supported by JFB
The ark going before them in the wilderness to search out a resting place.
Supported by JFB
Chaldea/exile is metaphorically described as a desert or wilderness where God prepares a way.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Virgins coming out with tabrets and joy to celebrate victories of Israel's king.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The sounding/troubling of God's bowels and mercies toward His rebellious but beloved children.
Supported by JFB
God's heart turning within Him, refusing to execute fierce anger against Ephraim.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reflects God drawing His backsliding people with cords of love and mercy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explains the law of eating fruit of newly planted vines as common things.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels putting the Spirit within believers to enable walking in God's statutes.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Demonstrates that God has not permanently cast off His people Israel.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the ultimate consecration where even common places become holy to the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ultimate fulfillment of the covenant formula under the New Covenant in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Remembering the days of old and God's former wonders to sustain hope in current distress.
Supported by John Calvin
God declares His sovereign, electing love to Jacob: 'I have loved you, saith the Lord.'
Supported by JFB
Jephthah's daughter coming out to meet him with timbrels and with dances.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Christ's invitation to the weary and heavy laden to find rest echoes verse 25.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Mosaic law establishing that fathers shall not be put to death for children.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reinforces personal accountability; the soul who sins is the one who will die.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the symbolic action of the measuring line being stretched out over Jerusalem.
Supported by JFB
Mentions the actual rebuilding of the Tower of Hananeel during the restoration.
Supported by Matthew Poole